THE FUTURE OF GLOBALIZATION AND MIGRATION: THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

With the development of technology, transportation, and communication opportunities with globalization, the circulation of people worldwide has increased. People who experience the level of development and economic, social, and cultural differences in other countries by leaving their own country have started to migrate from their countries for reasons such as education, tourism, employment, health, and family reunification. Migration is one of the most important phenomena that transcends the nation-state. It is a complex structure with political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects. Migration directly concerns and affects not only the individual but also the society from which he or she leaves. The versatility of immigration makes it necessary to establish a legal framework on the one hand and makes these legalizations difficult on the other. Another problem related to immigration is that the conditions under which a person who immigrates from their country to another country will be an immigrant and under what conditions they will leave the immigrant category are determined by the domestic policies of the countries. Therefore, it becomes difficult to define immigrants precisely. For this reason, there are differences in the national immigration policies of countries. This study aims to explain the link between international migration and globalization based on data from around the world and to reveal the policies developed by the European Union as an essential global power for international migration movements.

Keywords

• Globalization
• European Union
• International Migration

KÜRESELLEŞME VE GÖÇÜN GELECEĞİ: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Küreselleşme ile birlikte teknolojinin, ulaşım ve iletişim imkânlarının gelişmesiyle birlikte dünya genelinde insanların sirkülasyonu artmıştır. Kendi ülkelerini terk ederek başka ülkelerdeki gelişmişlik düzeyini, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel farklılıkları yaşayan insanlar eğitim, turizm, istihdam, sağlık, aile birleşimi gibi nedenlerle ülkelerinden göç etmeye başlamışlardır. Ulus devleti aşan en önemli olgulardan biri olan göç; siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel yönleriyle karmaşık bir yapıdır. Göç sadece bireyi değil, ayrıldığı toplumu da doğrudan ilgilendirir ve etkiler. Göçün çok yönlülüğü, bir yandan yasal bir düzenlemenin oluşturulmasını gerekli kılarken, diğer yandan bu yasallaştırmaları zorlaştırmaktadır. Göçle ilgili bir diğer sorun ise, ülkesinden başka bir ülkeye göç eden bir kişinin hangi koşullarda göçmen olacağı ve hangi koşullarda göçmen kategorisinden ayrılacağı ülkelerin iç politikaları tarafından belirlenmekte ve bu nedenle zorlaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle ülkelerin ulusal göç politikalarında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası göç ve küreselleşme arasındaki bağlantıyı dünyadaki verilere dayalı olarak açıklamak ve uluslararası göç hareketleri için önemli bir küresel güç olan Avrupa Birliği'nin geliştirdiği politikaları ortaya koymaktır.

Keywords

• Uluslararası Göç
• Küreselleşme
• Avrupa Birliği

References

1. Akdemir, E. ve Tekeli, S. (2017). AB mavi kart uygulamasının Türkiye işgücü piyasasına olası etkileri. Marmara Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(1), 75-101. https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.60
2. Aykaç, M. ve Yertüm, U. (2016). Avrupa Birliği göç politikalarının gelişimi: Misafir işçi kabulünden sığınmacı akınına. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları, 1(70), 1-29.
3. Cummings, C., Pacitto, J. Lauro, D., and Foresti, M. (2015). Why people move: understanding the drivers and trends of migration to Europe. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a803fe440f0b6230269266c/understanding-drivers-migration-Europe.pdf
4. European Border and Coast Guard Agency. (2023). Half of arrivals to the EU through the central mediterranean. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://frontex.europa.eu/media-centre/news/news-release/half-of-arrivals-to-the-eu-through-the-central-mediterranean-h45xHQ
5. European Commission. (2023). What is the new pact on migration and asylum of the EU?, Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/new-pact-migration-and-asylum_en
6. European Council. (2023a). How the EU manages migration flows. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-policy/managing-migration-flows/#return
7. European Council. (2023b). Integration of third-country nationals. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-policy/integration-policy/
8. European Council. (2023c). Migration policy: Council reaches agreement on key asylum and migration laws. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/06/ 08/migra tion-policy-council-reaches-agreement-on-key-asylum-and-migration-laws/

9. European Council. (2023d). Refugee inflow from Ukraine. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-policy/refugee-inflow-from-ukraine/
10. Eurostat. (2023). Annual asylum statistics. Retrieved June 19, 2023 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Asylum_statistics &oldid=558844
11. Gençler, A. (2005). Avrupa’nın göç politikası. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 49, 173-197.
12. International Organization for Migration. (2023a). IOM definition of "Migrant". Retrieved June 15, 2023. https://www.iom.int/about-migration
13. International Organization for Migration. (2023b). Key migration terms. Retrieved June 15, 2023. https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms
14. International Organization for Migration. (2023c). The global context of international migration drivers of international migration. Retrieved June 15, 2023. https://emm.iom.int/handbooks/global-context-international-migration/drivers-internationalmigration#:~:text=Customs%20and%20social%20norms%2C%20as,are% 20key%20drivers%20of%20migration
15. Karaşahin, M. (2012). Avrupa Birliği’nde ortak göç politikası oluşturma çabaları ve ulusal farklılıklar sorunu. T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği Koordinasyon Dairesi Başkanlığı.
16. Kung, C. (2020). The past, present and future of globalization. Retrieved June 15, 2023. http://www.anbound.com/UploadFiles/file/20201016/20201016170602_49837.pdf
17. Localyze. (2023). Immigration by the numbers: 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023. https://www.localyze.com/blog/immigration-by-the-numbers-2023
18. Mlambo, D.N., Mubecua, M., Siphesihle, E.M. and Victor H.M. (2019). Corruption and its implicationsfor development and good governance: A perspective from post-colonial Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, (11), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(J).2746
19. Rees, P. (2009). International migration. Retrieved June 15, 2023. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/international-migration
20. Yılmaz, A. (2014). Uluslarararsı göç çeşitleri, nedenleri ve etkileri. Turkish Studies, 9(2), 1685-1705. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.6274