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YENİ ENERJİ DÜZENİ VE MALEZYA'NIN ARTAN ÖNEMİ

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 215 - 230
https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1551628

Abstract

Küresel enerji düzeninin değişmesi ve Malezya'nın enerji çeşitlendirmesi ile yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelik stratejik vurgusu, ülkenin gelecekteki rolünü etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda Malezya'nın enerji dönüşümü küresel ölçekte başarılı bir model olarak kabul edilebilir. Bununla birlikte Malezya, küresel enerji düzenindeki değişimde önemli bir rol oynayarak, geleneksel fosil yakıtlardan daha sürdürülebilir ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçişte kilit bir oyuncu olarak konumlanma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu doğrultuda nadir toprak elementleri ve diğer kritik mineraller açısından sahip olduğu potansiyel, Malezya'yı özellikle Asya-Pasifik bölgesinde stratejik bir tedarik merkezi yapmaktadır. Malezya'nın bu alandaki artan önemi, enerji geçişi ve dijital dönüşüm gibi küresel mega trendlerle birlikte daha da artacaktır. Bu gelişmeler, Malezya'nın ekonomik büyümesine katkıda bulunurken, ülkenin küresel jeopolitik sahnede daha büyük bir rol üstlenmesine de zemin hazırlamaktadır. Tüm bunlar ışığında küresel enerji manzarasındaki değişim bağlamında Malezya'nın artan küresel önemine katkıda bulunan unsurların irdelendiği bu çalışmada, yenilenebilir enerji düzeninin en hayati bileşenleri olan kritik mineraller bakımından sahip olduğu zenginlik ve onları işleme yeteneği Malezya’nın artan önemine dikkat çekilmektedir.

References

  • Asia House. (2024). Critical minerals in global trade. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://asiahouse.org/research_posts/critical-minerals-in-global-trade/
  • Aziman, E. S., Ismail, A. F. and Rahmat, M. A. (2023). Balancing economic growth and environmental protection: A sustainable approach to Malaysia’s rare-earth industry. Resource Policy, 83(June 2023), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103753
  • Bindman, P. (2023). Weekly data: China seeks to extend its critical minerals dominance with overseas investment surge. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.energymonitor.ai/industry/weekly-data-china-seeks-to-extend-its-critical-minerals-dominance-with-overseas-investment-surge/
  • Castillo, R. and Purdy, C. (2022). China's role in supplying critical minerals for the global energy transition: What could the future hold? Retrieved October 3, 2024 from https://www.brookings.edu/articles/chinas-role-in-supplying-critical-minerals-for-the-global-energy-transition-what-could-the-future-hold/
  • Chatterjee, R. (2023, October 25). Rare-earths miner Lynas jumps as Malaysia allows key plant extension. Retrieved September 8, 2024 from https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/rare-earths-miner-lynas-jumps-malaysia-allows-key-plant-extension-2023-10-25/
  • Coyne, J. and Bassi, J. (2024). China’s dominance over critical minerals poses an unacceptable risk. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/china-s-dominance-over-critical-minerals-poses-unacceptable-risk#:~:text=China%20currently%20controls%20much%20of,metals%20and%20seven%20industrial%20minerals.
  • Dou, S., Xu, D., Zhu, Y. and Keenan, R. (2023). Critical mineral sustainable supply: Challenges and governance. Futures, 146(103101), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103101
  • European Commission. (2024). Critical raw minerals act. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials/critical-raw-materials-act_en
  • Fortune. (2024). Petronas Company Profile. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://fortune.com/company/petronas-gas/
  • Ghenai, C. (2024). The security, sustainability, responsibility, and geopolitics of critical mineral supply chains for clean energy technology. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://newlinesinstitute.org/environmental-challenges/the-security-sustainability-responsibility-and-geopolitics-of-critical-mineral-supply-chains-for-clean-energy-technology/
  • Gonzalez, A. and Verbeek, B.J. (2024). The EU’s critical minerals crusade. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.somo.nl/the-eus-critical-minerals-crusade/#:~:text=And%20the%20EU's%20Critical%20Raw,from%20a%20single%20third%20country.
  • GZT. (2022). Dünyanın yeni rekabet alanı: Nadir toprak elementi. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.gzt.com/z-raporu/dunyanin-yeni-rekabet-alani-nadir-toprak-elementi-3711758
  • International Energy Agency. (2021). The role of critical minerals in clean energy transitions. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions
  • IRENA. (2024). Geopolitics of the energy transition: Energy security. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Apr/Geopolitics-of-the-energy-transition-Energy-security
  • ISEAS. (2023). 2023/97 Malaysia’s return to mining: Redeveloping rare earth elements (REE) by Tham Siew Yean and Neo Hui Yun Rebecca. Retrieved September 16, 2024 from https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2023-97-malaysias-return-to-mining-redeveloping-rare-earth-elements-ree-by-tham-siew-yean-and-neo-hui-yun-rebecca/
  • Jangra, R. (2023). Critical minerals and China's dominance over the supply chain. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://ris.org.in/sites/default/files/2023-01/interns/topics/Renu-Jangra.pdf
  • Kakışım, C. (2022). Jeopolitik dengeleri değiştirecek yeni güç: Kritik mineraller. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://fikirturu.com/jeo-politik/jeopolitik-dengeleri-degistirecek-yeni-guc-kritik-mineraller/
  • Kaur, M. and Shazwani, I. (2023). Malaysia's counters potential Chinese pressure with proposed ban on rare-earth exports. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2023/09/12/malaysias-counters-potential-chinese-pressure-with-proposed-ban-on-rare-earth-exports.html
  • Kelemen, B. and Stonor, A. (2022). Can the West shake its dependence on China's rare earths? Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/can-the-west-shake-its-dependence-on-chinas-rare-earths/
  • Kelkar, V. K. (2024). China’s Network Dominance across critical minerals is a cause for considerable worry. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/07/09/chinas-network-dominance-across-critical-minerals-is-a-cause-for-considerable-worry/
  • King, A. (2024). King joins bipartisan legislation to protect American critical mineral supply chain. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.king.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/king-joins-bipartisan-legislation-to-protect-american-critical-mineral-supply-chain#:~:text=The%20Global%20Strategy%20for%20Securing,end%20supply%20of%20critical%20minerals.
  • Lee, Y. and Dacass, T. (2022). Reducing the United States’ risks of dependency on China in the rare earth market. Resource Policy, 77(102702), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102702
  • Lim, İ. (2023). Report: Malaysia breaking China’s dominance on rare earths; illegal mining concerns amid RM809.6b deposits. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2023/11/19/report-malaysia-breaking-chinas-dominance-on-rare-earths-illegal-mining-concerns-amid-rm8096b-deposits/102855
  • Liu, Z. Z. (2023). How to secure critical minerals for clean energy without alienating China. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-secure-critical-minerals-clean-energy-without-alienating-china
  • Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry. (2023). New industrial master plan 2030: Mineral industry. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.nimp2030.gov.my/nimp2030/modules_resources/bookshelf/e-14-Sectoral_NIMP-Mineral_Industry/e-14-Sectoral_NIMP-Mineral_Industry.pdf
  • PETRONAS. (n.d.). About PETRONAS. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.petronas.com/about-us
  • Seligman, L. (2022). China dominates the rare earths market. This U.S. mine is trying to change that. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/12/14/rare-earth-mines-00071102
  • Sevim, C. (2020). Yeni enerji jeopolitiğine genel bakış. İzmir Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 57-63.
  • Spittler, N., Gladkykh, G., Diemer, A. and Davidsdottir, B. (2019). Understanding the current energy paradigm and energy system models for more sustainable energy system development. Energies, 12(1584), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081584
  • The Sun. (2024). Critical minerals boom will have major impact on Malaysia’s real estate market: Juwai IQI. Retrieved September 17, 2024 from https://thesun.my/business-news/critical-minerals-boom-will-have-major-impact-on-malaysia-s-real-estate-market-juwai-iqi-BI12923031
  • The World Factbook. (2024). Malaysia. Retrieved September 18, 2024 from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/#energy
  • U.S. Department of State. (2023). Minerals security partnership. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.state.gov/minerals-security-partnership/
  • Vivoda, V. (2023). Friend-shoring and critical minerals: exploring the role of the Minerals Security Partnership. Energy Research and Social Science, 100(June 2023), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103085
  • Wong, P. and White, J. (2023). Energy security and the shifting focus from oil to critical minerals. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.sprott.com/insights/sprott-energy-transition-materials-monthly-energy-security-and-the-shifting-focus-from-oil-to-critical-minerals/ Worldometer. (n.d.). Malaysia oil. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.worldometers.info/oil/malaysia-oil/#:~:text=Malaysia%20holds%203%2C600%2C000%2C000%20barrels%20of,13.9%20times%20its%20annual%20consumption.

NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA'S GROWING IMPORTANCE

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 215 - 230
https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1551628

Abstract

The transformation of the global energy landscape and Malaysia's strategic emphasis on energy diversification and renewable energy are influencing the country's future role. Malaysia's energy transition could be seen as a successful model on a global scale. Furthermore, Malaysia has the potential to position itself as a key player in the transition from traditional fossil fuels to more sustainable and renewable energy sources, playing a significant role in the changing global energy landscape. In this context, Malaysia's potential in rare earth elements and other critical minerals positions the country as a strategic supply hub, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. The growing significance of Malaysia in this area will increase further in line with global megatrends such as energy transition and digital transformation. These developments not only contribute to Malaysia's economic growth but also pave the way for the country to assume a larger role on the global geopolitical stage. Considering all this, this study examines the factors contributing to Malaysia's rising global importance in the context of the shifting global energy landscape, highlighting the country's wealth of critical minerals, which are the most vital components of the renewable energy system, and its ability to process them, thus emphasizing Malaysia's growing importance.

References

  • Asia House. (2024). Critical minerals in global trade. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://asiahouse.org/research_posts/critical-minerals-in-global-trade/
  • Aziman, E. S., Ismail, A. F. and Rahmat, M. A. (2023). Balancing economic growth and environmental protection: A sustainable approach to Malaysia’s rare-earth industry. Resource Policy, 83(June 2023), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103753
  • Bindman, P. (2023). Weekly data: China seeks to extend its critical minerals dominance with overseas investment surge. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.energymonitor.ai/industry/weekly-data-china-seeks-to-extend-its-critical-minerals-dominance-with-overseas-investment-surge/
  • Castillo, R. and Purdy, C. (2022). China's role in supplying critical minerals for the global energy transition: What could the future hold? Retrieved October 3, 2024 from https://www.brookings.edu/articles/chinas-role-in-supplying-critical-minerals-for-the-global-energy-transition-what-could-the-future-hold/
  • Chatterjee, R. (2023, October 25). Rare-earths miner Lynas jumps as Malaysia allows key plant extension. Retrieved September 8, 2024 from https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/rare-earths-miner-lynas-jumps-malaysia-allows-key-plant-extension-2023-10-25/
  • Coyne, J. and Bassi, J. (2024). China’s dominance over critical minerals poses an unacceptable risk. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/china-s-dominance-over-critical-minerals-poses-unacceptable-risk#:~:text=China%20currently%20controls%20much%20of,metals%20and%20seven%20industrial%20minerals.
  • Dou, S., Xu, D., Zhu, Y. and Keenan, R. (2023). Critical mineral sustainable supply: Challenges and governance. Futures, 146(103101), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2023.103101
  • European Commission. (2024). Critical raw minerals act. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials/critical-raw-materials-act_en
  • Fortune. (2024). Petronas Company Profile. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://fortune.com/company/petronas-gas/
  • Ghenai, C. (2024). The security, sustainability, responsibility, and geopolitics of critical mineral supply chains for clean energy technology. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://newlinesinstitute.org/environmental-challenges/the-security-sustainability-responsibility-and-geopolitics-of-critical-mineral-supply-chains-for-clean-energy-technology/
  • Gonzalez, A. and Verbeek, B.J. (2024). The EU’s critical minerals crusade. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.somo.nl/the-eus-critical-minerals-crusade/#:~:text=And%20the%20EU's%20Critical%20Raw,from%20a%20single%20third%20country.
  • GZT. (2022). Dünyanın yeni rekabet alanı: Nadir toprak elementi. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.gzt.com/z-raporu/dunyanin-yeni-rekabet-alani-nadir-toprak-elementi-3711758
  • International Energy Agency. (2021). The role of critical minerals in clean energy transitions. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions
  • IRENA. (2024). Geopolitics of the energy transition: Energy security. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.irena.org/Publications/2024/Apr/Geopolitics-of-the-energy-transition-Energy-security
  • ISEAS. (2023). 2023/97 Malaysia’s return to mining: Redeveloping rare earth elements (REE) by Tham Siew Yean and Neo Hui Yun Rebecca. Retrieved September 16, 2024 from https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2023-97-malaysias-return-to-mining-redeveloping-rare-earth-elements-ree-by-tham-siew-yean-and-neo-hui-yun-rebecca/
  • Jangra, R. (2023). Critical minerals and China's dominance over the supply chain. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://ris.org.in/sites/default/files/2023-01/interns/topics/Renu-Jangra.pdf
  • Kakışım, C. (2022). Jeopolitik dengeleri değiştirecek yeni güç: Kritik mineraller. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://fikirturu.com/jeo-politik/jeopolitik-dengeleri-degistirecek-yeni-guc-kritik-mineraller/
  • Kaur, M. and Shazwani, I. (2023). Malaysia's counters potential Chinese pressure with proposed ban on rare-earth exports. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2023/09/12/malaysias-counters-potential-chinese-pressure-with-proposed-ban-on-rare-earth-exports.html
  • Kelemen, B. and Stonor, A. (2022). Can the West shake its dependence on China's rare earths? Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/can-the-west-shake-its-dependence-on-chinas-rare-earths/
  • Kelkar, V. K. (2024). China’s Network Dominance across critical minerals is a cause for considerable worry. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/07/09/chinas-network-dominance-across-critical-minerals-is-a-cause-for-considerable-worry/
  • King, A. (2024). King joins bipartisan legislation to protect American critical mineral supply chain. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.king.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/king-joins-bipartisan-legislation-to-protect-american-critical-mineral-supply-chain#:~:text=The%20Global%20Strategy%20for%20Securing,end%20supply%20of%20critical%20minerals.
  • Lee, Y. and Dacass, T. (2022). Reducing the United States’ risks of dependency on China in the rare earth market. Resource Policy, 77(102702), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102702
  • Lim, İ. (2023). Report: Malaysia breaking China’s dominance on rare earths; illegal mining concerns amid RM809.6b deposits. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2023/11/19/report-malaysia-breaking-chinas-dominance-on-rare-earths-illegal-mining-concerns-amid-rm8096b-deposits/102855
  • Liu, Z. Z. (2023). How to secure critical minerals for clean energy without alienating China. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-secure-critical-minerals-clean-energy-without-alienating-china
  • Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry. (2023). New industrial master plan 2030: Mineral industry. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.nimp2030.gov.my/nimp2030/modules_resources/bookshelf/e-14-Sectoral_NIMP-Mineral_Industry/e-14-Sectoral_NIMP-Mineral_Industry.pdf
  • PETRONAS. (n.d.). About PETRONAS. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.petronas.com/about-us
  • Seligman, L. (2022). China dominates the rare earths market. This U.S. mine is trying to change that. Retrieved February 22, 2024 from https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/12/14/rare-earth-mines-00071102
  • Sevim, C. (2020). Yeni enerji jeopolitiğine genel bakış. İzmir Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 57-63.
  • Spittler, N., Gladkykh, G., Diemer, A. and Davidsdottir, B. (2019). Understanding the current energy paradigm and energy system models for more sustainable energy system development. Energies, 12(1584), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081584
  • The Sun. (2024). Critical minerals boom will have major impact on Malaysia’s real estate market: Juwai IQI. Retrieved September 17, 2024 from https://thesun.my/business-news/critical-minerals-boom-will-have-major-impact-on-malaysia-s-real-estate-market-juwai-iqi-BI12923031
  • The World Factbook. (2024). Malaysia. Retrieved September 18, 2024 from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/#energy
  • U.S. Department of State. (2023). Minerals security partnership. Retrieved September 15, 2024 from https://www.state.gov/minerals-security-partnership/
  • Vivoda, V. (2023). Friend-shoring and critical minerals: exploring the role of the Minerals Security Partnership. Energy Research and Social Science, 100(June 2023), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103085
  • Wong, P. and White, J. (2023). Energy security and the shifting focus from oil to critical minerals. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.sprott.com/insights/sprott-energy-transition-materials-monthly-energy-security-and-the-shifting-focus-from-oil-to-critical-minerals/ Worldometer. (n.d.). Malaysia oil. Retrieved September 14, 2024 from https://www.worldometers.info/oil/malaysia-oil/#:~:text=Malaysia%20holds%203%2C600%2C000%2C000%20barrels%20of,13.9%20times%20its%20annual%20consumption.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Politics, International Security
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Anıl Çağlar Erkan 0000-0001-9693-6556

Publication Date
Submission Date September 17, 2024
Acceptance Date December 29, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erkan, A. Ç. (n.d.). NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi, 6(2), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1551628
AMA Erkan AÇ. NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE. TEYD. 6(2):215-230. doi:10.58702/teyd.1551628
Chicago Erkan, Anıl Çağlar. “NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE”. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi 6, no. 2 n.d.: 215-30. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1551628.
EndNote Erkan AÇ NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi 6 2 215–230.
IEEE A. Ç. Erkan, “NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE”, TEYD, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 215–230, doi: 10.58702/teyd.1551628.
ISNAD Erkan, Anıl Çağlar. “NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE”. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi 6/2 (n.d.), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1551628.
JAMA Erkan AÇ. NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE. TEYD.;6:215–230.
MLA Erkan, Anıl Çağlar. “NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE”. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 215-30, doi:10.58702/teyd.1551628.
Vancouver Erkan AÇ. NEW ENERGY ORDER AND MALAYSIA’S GROWING IMPORTANCE. TEYD. 6(2):215-30.