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Nurse knowledge and attitude scale on blood and blood product transfusion safety

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 31 - 39, 30.01.2026

Abstract

Purpose: Blood transfusion is a critical clinical intervention for replacing deficient blood or blood components in patients with acute or chronic conditions. Ensuring transfusion safety is essential to minimize complications and optimize patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically sound instrument to evaluate nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the safety of blood and blood product transfusions.
Material and Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 684 nurses. The scale’s validity and reliability were assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability evaluation.
Results: EFA, performed with 374 participants, identified a four-factor structure explaining 65.88% of the total variance. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.836, indicating sampling adequacy. CFA with 310 participants confirmed this four-factor model. The 15-item model demonstrated good fit indices: χ²/df = 1.453 (<3), GFI = 0.953 (>0.90), IFI = 0.977 (>0.95), TLI = 0.970 (>0.95), CFI = 0.976 (>0.97), and RMSEA = 0.038 (<0.05). All standardized factor loadings exceeded 0.50, supporting construct validity. Internal consistency was acceptable, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.786.
Conclusion: The “Nurse Knowledge and Attitude Scale on Blood and Blood Product Transfusion Safety” exhibits robust psychometric properties, supporting its use as a valid and reliable tool in nursing research and practice, in line with current scientific standards.

References

  • Altmann, T. K. (2008). Attitude: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 43(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2008.00106.x
  • Bediako, A. A., Ofosu-Poku, R., & Druye, A. A. (2021). Nurses in a major referral center in Ghana. Adv Hematol, 2021, 6739329. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6739329
  • Bolton-Maggs, P. H. B. (2017). Serious hazards of transfusion – Conference report: Celebration of 20 years of UK haemovigilance. Transfus Med, 27, 393– 400. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12502
  • Bonis, S. A. (2009). Knowing in nursing: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(6), 1328–1341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04951.x
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015). Data analysis handbook for social sciences (21st ed.). Ankara: Pegem Publishing. Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. London: Continuum.
  • Göray, M., & Peker, S. (2022). Blood and blood product services management. J Interdiscip Innov Stud, 2, 15– 28.
  • Gün, R., Öz, S., Altindiş, S., Uyutan, Y., Köroğlu, M., & Altındiş, M. (2019). Hemovigilance nursing and its contribution to transfusion safety. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 76(4), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2019.19970
  • Günüşen, İ., Yakut, Ö., & Tok, Ö. E. (2018). Our awareness in blood transfusion practices. Ege Med J, 57(3), 152– 156.
  • Hijji, B. M., Oweis, A. E., & Dabbour, R. S. (2012). Measuring knowledge of blood transfusion: A survey of Jordanian nurses. Am Int J Contemp Res, 2(10), 77.
  • Hijji, B., Parahoo, K., Hussein, M. M., & Barr, O. (2013). Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses. J Clin Nurs, 22(17–18), 2536–2550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04078.x
  • Kalyoncuo, S., & Ceyhan, Ö. (2022). Hemovigilance and hemovigilance nursing. Lifetime Nurs J, 2(2), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.29228/llnursing.63479
  • Karabela, Ş. N., Altungayular, S., Taşpolat, İ., Baydili, K. N., & Yaşar, K. K. (2019). Monitoring the blood transfusion process with electronic records and the practice of transfusion nursing. Haseki Med Bull, 57(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.4274/haseki.galenos.2019.4939
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). Statistical analyses with SPSS 23 and Amos 23: Applied examples. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Kartal, M., & Bardakçı, S. (2018). Reliability and validity analyses with SPSS and AMOS: Applied examples. Ankara: Akademisyen Publishing House.
  • Kavaklıoğlu, A. B., Dağcı, S., & Ören, B. (2017). Determination of health workers' level of knowledge about blood transfusion. North Clin Istanb, 4(2), 165– 172. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2017.41275
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Ministry of Health, Republic of Turkey, Directorate
  • General of Health Services, Department of Blood and Blood Products. (2020). National hemovigilance guide. Published 2020. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://shgmkanhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/37 016/0/ulusal-hemovijilans-rehberi-versiyon-2pdf.pdf
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Turkey. (2016). National guide for the preparation, use, and quality assurance of blood and blood components. Published 2016. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://www.kanver.org/Upload/Dosya/ulusal_kan_r ehberi.pdf
  • Mohd Noor, N. H., Saad, N. H., Khan, M., et al. (2021). Blood transfusion knowledge among nurses in Malaysia: A university hospital experience. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(21), 11194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111194
  • Özdamar, K. (2010). Statistical data analysis with package programs 2. Ankara: Kaan Publishing House.
  • Sadani, D. T., Urbaniak, S. J., Bruce, M., & Tighe, J. E. (2006). Repeat ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions leading to haemolytic transfusion reaction. Transfus Med, 16(5), 375–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 3148.2006.00684.x
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2018). Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with SPSS. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.

Kan ve Kan Ürünü Transfüzyon Güvenliğine Yönelik Hemşire Bilgi ve Tutum Ölçeği

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 31 - 39, 30.01.2026

Abstract

Amaç: Kan transfüzyonu, akut veya kronik hastalıkları olan bireylerde eksik kan ya da kan bileşenlerinin yerine konulmasında kritik bir klinik uygulamadır. Transfüzyon güvenliğinin sağlanması, komplikasyonların en aza indirilmesi ve hasta sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hemşirelerin kan ve kan ürünü transfüzyonlarının güvenliğine ilişkin bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirmeye yönelik psikometrik açıdan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Metodolojik nitelikteki bu araştırma 684 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği; Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA), madde analizi, Cronbach alfa katsayısı ve test-tekrar test yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: 374 katılımcı ile yapılan AFA sonucunda, toplam varyansın %65,88’ini açıklayan dört faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) değeri 0,836 bulunmuş ve örneklem büyüklüğünün uygun olduğunu göstermiştir. 310 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen DFA, bu dört faktörlü yapıyı doğrulamıştır. 15 maddeden oluşan ölçek için uyum indeksleri oldukça iyidir: χ²/df = 1,453 (<3), GFI = 0,953 (>0,90), IFI = 0,977 (>0,95), TLI = 0,970 (>0,95), CFI = 0,976 (>0,97) ve RMSEA = 0,038 (<0,05). Tüm standartlaştırılmış faktör yükleri 0,50’nin üzerinde bulunmuş, bu da yapısal geçerliliği desteklemiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılığı kabul edilebilir düzeyde olup Cronbach alfa değeri 0,786’dır.

Sonuç: “Hemşirelerin Kan ve Kan Ürünü Transfüzyon Güvenliği Bilgi ve Tutum Ölçeği” güçlü psikometrik özellikler göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, ölçeğin hemşirelik araştırmaları ve uygulamalarında geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini ve güncel bilimsel standartlarla uyumlu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Altmann, T. K. (2008). Attitude: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 43(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2008.00106.x
  • Bediako, A. A., Ofosu-Poku, R., & Druye, A. A. (2021). Nurses in a major referral center in Ghana. Adv Hematol, 2021, 6739329. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6739329
  • Bolton-Maggs, P. H. B. (2017). Serious hazards of transfusion – Conference report: Celebration of 20 years of UK haemovigilance. Transfus Med, 27, 393– 400. https://doi.org/10.1111/tme.12502
  • Bonis, S. A. (2009). Knowing in nursing: A concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(6), 1328–1341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04951.x
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2015). Data analysis handbook for social sciences (21st ed.). Ankara: Pegem Publishing. Child, D. (2006). The essentials of factor analysis. London: Continuum.
  • Göray, M., & Peker, S. (2022). Blood and blood product services management. J Interdiscip Innov Stud, 2, 15– 28.
  • Gün, R., Öz, S., Altindiş, S., Uyutan, Y., Köroğlu, M., & Altındiş, M. (2019). Hemovigilance nursing and its contribution to transfusion safety. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 76(4), 405–414. https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2019.19970
  • Günüşen, İ., Yakut, Ö., & Tok, Ö. E. (2018). Our awareness in blood transfusion practices. Ege Med J, 57(3), 152– 156.
  • Hijji, B. M., Oweis, A. E., & Dabbour, R. S. (2012). Measuring knowledge of blood transfusion: A survey of Jordanian nurses. Am Int J Contemp Res, 2(10), 77.
  • Hijji, B., Parahoo, K., Hussein, M. M., & Barr, O. (2013). Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses. J Clin Nurs, 22(17–18), 2536–2550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04078.x
  • Kalyoncuo, S., & Ceyhan, Ö. (2022). Hemovigilance and hemovigilance nursing. Lifetime Nurs J, 2(2), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.29228/llnursing.63479
  • Karabela, Ş. N., Altungayular, S., Taşpolat, İ., Baydili, K. N., & Yaşar, K. K. (2019). Monitoring the blood transfusion process with electronic records and the practice of transfusion nursing. Haseki Med Bull, 57(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.4274/haseki.galenos.2019.4939
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). Statistical analyses with SPSS 23 and Amos 23: Applied examples. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • Kartal, M., & Bardakçı, S. (2018). Reliability and validity analyses with SPSS and AMOS: Applied examples. Ankara: Akademisyen Publishing House.
  • Kavaklıoğlu, A. B., Dağcı, S., & Ören, B. (2017). Determination of health workers' level of knowledge about blood transfusion. North Clin Istanb, 4(2), 165– 172. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2017.41275
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Ministry of Health, Republic of Turkey, Directorate
  • General of Health Services, Department of Blood and Blood Products. (2020). National hemovigilance guide. Published 2020. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://shgmkanhizmetleridb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/37 016/0/ulusal-hemovijilans-rehberi-versiyon-2pdf.pdf
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Turkey. (2016). National guide for the preparation, use, and quality assurance of blood and blood components. Published 2016. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://www.kanver.org/Upload/Dosya/ulusal_kan_r ehberi.pdf
  • Mohd Noor, N. H., Saad, N. H., Khan, M., et al. (2021). Blood transfusion knowledge among nurses in Malaysia: A university hospital experience. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(21), 11194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111194
  • Özdamar, K. (2010). Statistical data analysis with package programs 2. Ankara: Kaan Publishing House.
  • Sadani, D. T., Urbaniak, S. J., Bruce, M., & Tighe, J. E. (2006). Repeat ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions leading to haemolytic transfusion reaction. Transfus Med, 16(5), 375–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 3148.2006.00684.x
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2018). Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with SPSS. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlkay Yurtsever

Şerife Karagözoğlu 0000-0002-9558-0786

Sait Bardakçı

Submission Date September 24, 2025
Acceptance Date December 15, 2025
Publication Date January 30, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yurtsever, İ., Karagözoğlu, Ş., & Bardakçı, S. (2026). Nurse knowledge and attitude scale on blood and blood product transfusion safety. Turkish Journal of Science and Health, 7(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1789628


Turkish Journal of Science and Health (TFSD) 

E-mail:  tfsdjournal@gmail.com

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