Çoklu İlaç Dirençli Salmonella Suşlarının Tanısı

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Ankara başta olmak üzere, Türkiye’nin değişik bölgelerindeki çeşitli market ve üreticilerinden alınan toplam 217 gıda örneğinde Salmonella sp. varlığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan Salmonella suşları, farklı bölgelerde bulunan kasap ve marketlerde satışa sunulan gıda örneklerinden izole edilmiştir. Kullanılan bu hayvansal kaynaklı gıda örnekleri dana eti 99 örnek , koyun eti 13 örnek , tavuk eti 104 örnek ve süttür. İzole edilen suşlar biyokimyasal testlerle doğrulanmıştır. Salmonella tanısı konulan ve kültür koleksiyonuna alınan örneklerde antimikrobiyel ajanlara karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Salmonella sp. varlığı, Uluslararası Standartlar Ofisi’nin önerdiği yöntem ISO6972: 2002 kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. API 20E testleri sonucunda toplam 41 izolat Salmonella sp. olarak tanımlanmıştır. Salmonella suşlarının antibiyotik dirençlilik profilleri disk difüzyon ve kritik dilüsyon testleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmalar sonucunda 41 farklı örnekte Salmonella izolasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu 41 izolatın %25’ inin kaynağı dana eti, %75’ inin kaynağı ise tavuk eti örnekleridir. Aynı zamanda bu 41 izolatın tamamı çoklu ilaç dirençlilik profili sergilemiştir. Tüm suşlarda en yüksek dirençlilik düzeyleri kanamisin R>512 μg/mL ve nalidiksik asit R>512 μg/mL ’e karşı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Piyasada açıkta satışa sunulan et örneklerinde Salmonella bulunma sıklığı, tavuk etlerinde diğer örneklere oranla çok yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, açıkta satılan özellikle tavuk etlerinin sınırlandırılması ve ayrıca hijyen kontrollerinin daha sık yapılması zorunluluğuna işaret etmektedir. Türkiye’de piyasaya sunulan et örneklerinden izole edilen 41 Salmonella suşunun tamamının çoklu ilaç dirençlilik özelliği göstermesi, bu sorunun ülkemiz için ne derece önemli olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Özellikle hayvan beslemede antibiyotik kullanımının kontrolsüz oluşu, bu sorunun ana kaynağını teşkil etmektedir. Bu sonuçlar; gıda üretiminde antibiyotiklerin kullanımının kontrolünde yeni stratejilerin gerekliliğini ön plana çıkarmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salmonella, tanı, çoklu ilaç dirençlilik

Identification of Multi Drug Resistant Salmonella Strains

Abstract

Objective: In this study, a total of 217 food samples obtained from various grocery stores and manufacturers found in different regions in Turkey, especially in Ankara, were analysed for presence of Salmonella sp. Salmonella strains used in this study were isolated from the food samples sold in butchers and supermarkets located at different regions. Food samples which are of animal origin are veal 99 samples , mutton 13 samples , chicken 104 samples and milk samples. Isolated strains were confirmed by biochemical tests. We aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility levels of samples against antimicrobial agents, identified as Salmonella and placed into the culture collection. Method: Presence of Salmonella sp. was analysed according to the method determined by International Standarts Office ISO6972: 2002 . As a result of API 20E tests, totally 41 isolates were identified as Salmonella sp. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the Salmonella strains were revealed by using disc diffusion and critical dilution tests. Results: As a result of study Salmonella isolation was performed with 41 different samples. While the 25% of these 41 isolates were source of veal, the other 75% were source of chicken samples. At the same time all of these tested 41 strains exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile. The highest resistance levels at all tested strains were determined against kanamycin R>512 μg/mL and nalidixic acid R>512 μg/mL for all strains. Conclusion: The frequency of Salmonella in the chicken meat was found higher compared to the other meat samples offered for sale in the market. These findings suggest the limitate open meat sold, especially the chicken meat, and also points obligation of frequent hygiene controls. Showing the feature of multiple drug resistance of all 41 Salmonella strains isolated from the meat samples offered to the market in Turkey, indicates that how important is this problem for our country. Especially, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in animal nutrition constitutes the main source of this problem. These results show the need for new strategies for controlling the use of antibiotics in food production.

Keywords

• Salmonella, identification, multi drug resistance

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