Yaşlanma ve Yüzme Egzersizinin, Torasik Aorta ve Gastroknemius İletim Arterlerinde Karbon Monoksit Gevşeme Yanıtına Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlanma ve yüzme egzersizine bağlı olarak sıçanların torasik aortasında ve gastroknemius iletim arterinde karbon monoksit CO ’e verilen damar yanıtlarının değişip değişmediğini test etmektir.Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 4 aylık genç ve 24 aylık yaşlı Wistar dişi sıçanlar kullanıldı. Sıçanlar rastgele gençsedanter GS , genç-egzersiz GE , yaşlı-sedanter YS ve yaşlı-egzersiz YE olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Egzersiz gruplarına 8 hafta süresince haftada 5 gün, günde 1 saat yüzme egzersizi yaptırıldı. Sıçanlardan izole edilen torasik aorta halkaları organ banyosu düzeneğinde, gastroknemius iletim arteri ise telli miyograf düzeneğinde çalışıldı. Aort ve gastroknemius iletim arteri halkalarının fenilefrin PE kasılma yanıtları hemoksijenaz inhibitörü chromium mesoporphyrin inkübasyonu öncesi ve sonrasında kaydedilerek endojen olarak üretilen CO’in vasküler tonusa katkısı değerlendirildi. CO donörü CORM; carbon - monoxide - releasing - molecule kullanılarak ekzojen gevşeme yanıtları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: CrMP inkübasyonu öncesinde ve sonrasında PE doz yanıt eğrilerinde hem aortada hem de gastroknemius iletim arterinde gruplar arasında fark p

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbon monoksit, hemoksijenaz, vasküler tonus, aorta, gastroknemius iletim arteri

The Effect of Aging and Exercise Training on Carbon Monoxide Relaxation Response in Thoracic Aorta and Gastrocnemius Feed Artery

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to observe any aging and swimming exercise associated changes in the rat thoracic aorta and gastrocinemius feed artery.Methods: 4-month and 24-month old female rats were used and divided into four following groups: sedentary young, trained young, sedentary old, and trained old. Swimming exercise was performed for 8 weeks 60 min/day, 5 days/week . Thoracic Aorta and gastrocinemius feed artery isolated from the rats. Thoracic Aorta rings were mounted on organ bath and gastrocinemius feed arteries were mounted on wire myograph. Contraction responses of all vessel rings in presence and absence of HO inhibitor CrMP were recorded as an endogenous CO contribution to vascular tonus. The effect of exogenous CO relaxation response were assesed by CO releasing molecule CORM .Results: Phenylephrine dose- response curves with or without CrMP were smilar in all groups both aortic rings and gastrocnemius feed artery. The maximum PE contraction responses obtained after CrMP incubation were significantly higher in the GE, YS and YE groups Endotel disfonksiyonu, sadece esansiyel hipertansiyon veya sekonder hipertansiyon 1, 2 , hiperkolesterolemi 3, 4 ve ateroskleroz 4 gibi hastalıkların karekteristik özelliği olmayıp günümüzde yaşlılıkla da ilişkilendirilmektedir 5, 6 . Bu patolojik durumlardan bağımsız olarak da yaşlılığın, torasik aorta ve direnç arterlerinde endotel disfonksiyonuna yol açtığı rapor edilmiştir 5, 7, 8 . Endotel fonksiyonunda yaşlanmayla birlikte görülen değişikliklerin kardiyovasküler hastalıkların patogenezinde klinik açıdan önemli etkileri olabilir. Yaşa bağlı olarak görülen endotel fonksiyonlarındaki bozulma / azalma öncelikle endotel hücrelerinin vasküler tonusu düzenlemek için salgıladıkları gevşetici mediatörlerin azalması ile kendini gösterir. Bu durum endotelden salgılanan çeşitli vazodilatör maddelerin ve özellikle nitrik oksidin NO hem üretiminin hem de bioyararlanımının azalması ile açıklanmaktadır 9 . Bunun yanında yaşlanma p

Keywords

• Carbon monoxide, hemo oxygenase, vascular tonus, aorta, gastrocnemius feed artery

References

1. 1. Panza JA, Quyyumi AA, Brush JE, Jr., Epstein SE. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(1):22-7.
2. 2. Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattei P, Salvetti A. Vasodilation to acetylcholine in primary and secondary forms of human hypertension. Hypertension. 1993;21(62):929-33.
3. 3. Creager MA, Cooke JP, Mendelsohn ME, Gallagher SJ, Coleman SM, Loscalzo J, et al. Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Clin Invest. 1990;86(1):228-34.
4. 4. Zeiher AM, Drexler H, Saurbier B, Just H. Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans. Effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(2):652-62.
5. 5. Maeda S, Tanabe T, Miyauchi T, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Iemitsu M, et al. Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women. J Appl Physiol. 2003 ;95(1):336-41.
6. 6. Maeda S, Tanabe T, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Iemitsu M, Miyauchi T, et al. Moderate regular exercise increases basal production of nitric oxide in elderly women. Hypertens Res. 2004;27(12):947- 53.
7. 7. Dohi Y, Thiel MA, Buhler FR, Luscher TF. Activation of endothelial L-arginine pathway in resistance arteries. Effect of age and hypertension. Hypertension. 1990;16(2):170-9.
8. 8. Mayhan WG, Faraci FM, Baumbach GL, Heistad DD. Effects of aging on responses of cerebral arterioles. Am J Physiol. 1990;258:H1138-43.

9. 9. Hayashi T, Yano K, Matsui-Hirai H, Yokoo H, Hattori Y, Iguchi A. Nitric oxide and endothelial cellular senescence. Pharmacol Ther. 2008;120(3):333-9.
10. 10. Najjar SS, Scuteri A, Lakatta EG. Arterial aging: is it an immutable cardiovascular risk factor? Hypertension. 2005;46(3):454-62.
11. 11. Yildiz O. Vascular smooth muscle and endothelial functions in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1100:353- 60.
12. 12. Stec DE, Drummond HA, Vera T. Role of carbon monoxide in blood pressure regulation. Hypertension. 2008;51(3):597-604.
13. 13. Ndisang JF, Tabien HE, Wang R. Carbon monoxide and hypertension. J Hypertens. 2004;22(6):1057- 74.
14. 14. Kocer G, Nasircilar Ulker S, Senturk UK. The contribution of carbon monoxide to vascular tonus. Microcirculation. 2018;25(7):e12495.
15. 15. Lakatta EG, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part I: aging arteries: a “set up” for vascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107(1):139-46.
16. 16. Nied RJ, Franklin B. Promoting and prescribing exercise for the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(3):419-26.
17. 17. Peterson JA. Get moving! Physical activity counseling in primary care. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2007;19(7):349-57.
18. 18. Kuru O, Senturk UK, Kocer G, Ozdem S, Baskurt OK, Cetin A, et al. Effect of exercise training on resistance arteries in rats with chronic NOS inhibition. J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(3):896-902
19. 19. Ulker SN, Kocer G, Senturk UK. Carbon monoxide does not contribute to vascular tonus improvement in exercise-trained rats with chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Nitric Oxide. 2017 1;65:60-7
20. 20. Sun MW, Zhong MF, Gu J, Qian FL, Gu JZ, Chen H. Effects of different levels of exercise volume on endothelium-dependent vasodilation: roles of nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase. Hypertens Res. 2008 ;31(4):805-16
21. 21. Cohn JN. Arterial compliance to stratify cardiovascular risk: more precision in therapeutic decision making. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:258S-63S
22. 22. Incalza MA, D’Oria R, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Vascul Pharmacol. 2018;100:1-19
23. 23. Wu L, Wang R. Carbon monoxide: endogenous production, physiological functions, and pharmacological applications. Pharmacol Rev. 2005;57(4):585-630
24. 24. Thorup C, Jones CL, Gross SS, Moore LC, Goligorsky MS. Carbon monoxide induces vasodilation and nitric oxide release but suppresses endothelial NOS. Am J Physiol. 1999;277(6):F882-9
25. 25. Maines MD, Trakshel GM, Kutty RK. Characterization of two constitutive forms of rat liver microsomal heme oxygenase. Only one molecular species of the enzyme is inducible. J Biol Chem. 1986;261(1):411-9
26. 26. Maines MD, Panahian N. The heme oxygenase system and cellular defense mechanisms. Do HO-1 and HO-2 have different functions? Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;502:249-72
27. 27. Kim HH, Choi S. Therapeutic Aspects of Carbon Monoxide in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(8)
28. 28. Suades R, Cosentino F. Sirtuin 1/soluble guanylyl cyclase: a nitric oxide-independent pathway to rescue ageing-induced vascular dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;115(3):485-7
29. 29. Kloss S, Bouloumie A, Mulsch A. Aging and chronic hypertension decrease expression of rat aortic soluble guanylyl cyclase. Hypertension. 2000;35(1):43-7
30. 30. Marijic J, Li Q, Song M, Nishimaru K, Stefani E, Toro L. Decreased expression of voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in coronary smooth muscle during aging. Circ Res. 2001 2;88(2):210-6
31. 31. Zhou E, Qing D, Li J. Age-associated endothelial dysfunction in rat mesenteric arteries: roles of calcium-activated K(+) channels (K(ca)). Physiol Res. 2010;59(4):499-508