The Effect of Technology-Based Motivational Interviewing Programs in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 69 - 80, 29.07.2020

Çiğdem Ceylan , Ebru Kılıçarslan Törüner

Öz

Interventions to improve health behavior are important in preventing childhood obesity. Motivational interviewing is used to develop positive health behaviors in adolescents to support sudden fluctuations in emotion and autonomy, being characteristic of adolescence. In adolescents with obesity, motivational interviewings based on technology is gradually increasing due to the interesting of adolescents and appealing to many senses. Technology-based motivational interviewings with adolescents having weight problems include topics such as nutrition, physical activity, goal development, strengths and determination of challenging factors. These developed programs last minimum 2-months, maximum 12-months. Technology-based practices can be made by sending daily messages, phone calls, face-to-face calls and email via computer, tablet or phone. As a result of the developed programs, many positive health changes such as increasing physical activity, gaining positive nutritional habits, parents supporting adolescents, decreasing sedentary life have been identified. In addition to knowing the characteristics of adolescence, it is important that adolescents discover ambivalences and increase intrinsic motivation. Nurses have an important place in the planning, implementation and evaluation of technology-based motivational-programs in developing positive health behaviors. The aim of this review is to examine literature on the effectiveness of technology-based motivational interviewing programs in adolescents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescent, motivational interviewing, nurse, obesity, technology

Obezite Riski ve Obezitesi Olan Adölesanlarda Teknoloji Temelli Motivasyonel Görüşme Programlarının Etkisi

Öz

Çocukluk çağı obezitesinin önlenmesinde sağlık davranışlarının geliştirilmesine yönelik girişimler önemlidir. Motivasyonel görüşme adölesan dönemin bir özelliği olan duygulanımdaki ani iniş çıkışlar ve otonominin desteklenmesinde adölesanlarda olumlu sağlık davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Obezitesi olan adölesanlarda motivasyonel görüşmelerin teknolojiye temellendirilmesi adölesanların ilgisini çekmesi ve birçok duyuya hitap etmesi nedeniyle giderek artmaktadır. Kilo problemi yaşayan adölesanlarla teknoloji temelli motivasyonel görüşmelerde beslenme, fiziksel aktivite, hedef geliştirme, güçlü yönler ve engelleyici unsurların belirlenmesi gibi konular yer almaktadır. Uygulanan bu programlar en az 2 ay en fazla 12 ay sürmektedir. Teknoloji temelli uygulamalar bilgisayar, tablet ya da telefon üzerinden günlük mesaj gönderme, telefon görüşmesi yapma, yüz yüze görüşme ve email uygulamalarından yararlanılarak yapılabilmektedir. Uygulanan programların sonucu olarak fiziksel aktivitede artma, olumlu beslenme alışkanlıkları kazanma, ebeveynlerin adölesanı desteklemesi, sedanter yaşamda azalma gibi birçok olumlu sağlık değişimi saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin adölesanın dönem özelliklerini bilmesinin yanı sıra, adölesanın ambivalan duygularını keşfetmesi ve içsel motivasyonunu arttırması önemlidir. Olumlu sağlık davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde teknolojiye temellendirilmiş motivasyonel programların planlanması, uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesinde hemşireler önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu derleme makalesinin amacı adölesanlarda teknoloji temelli motivasyonel görüşme programlarının etkinliğine yönelik literatürü incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adölesan, obezite, motivasyonel görüşme, teknoloji, hemşire

Kaynakça

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