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Afganistan’da Çocuk Olmak; Hukuki Boyutlarıyla Çocuğun Değeri

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 228 - 236, 25.12.2023

Abstract

Afganistan'da uzun yıllar süren iç karışıklıkların sonuçları en çok çocuklar üzerinde etkisini göstermektedir. Günümüzde Afganistan'da yaklaşık 10 milyon çocuğun yardıma muhtaç olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında Afganistan’da çocuk olmak, çocuğun değerini bilmek ve çocuk haklarının korunmasını sağlamak için fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyokültürel olarak gerekli ortamın sağlaması ve sürdürülmesi oldukça zor görünmektedir. Çocuk Hakları Beyannamesi'nde belirtildiği gibi bedensel ve zihinsel olarak olgunlaşmamış olması nedeniyle çocuğun doğumdan önce olduğu kadar doğumdan sonra da uygun yasal koruma dahil olmak üzere özel güvencelere ve bakıma ihtiyacı olduğunu bütün dünya ülkelerinin unutmaması gerekmektedir. Afganistan Hükümeti 1994 yılında Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi’ni onaylamıştır. Ancak Afganistan’da hala milyonlarca çocuk hayatta kalma, korunma, sağlık, öğrenme, oynama, katılım, büyüme ve tam potansiyellerine ulaşma hakları dahil olmak üzere temel haklarından hâlâ yoksun kalmaktadır. Bu yüzden bu derlemede Afganistan’da çocuğa ve çocuk haklarına verilen değer ile çocukların içinde bulundukları yaşam koşulları incelenmiş olup çocuğun ve çocuk haklarının ne kadar korunduğunu göstermek amaçlanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • Kılıç E, Demir SB. Türkiye'deki Afgan mülteci öğrencilerin gözünden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti milli değerleri. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi. 2018;15(34):161-191.
  • Ndi.org Internet. NDI Launches Web site that Adds Transparency to Afghanistan Election Data: Innovative Tool Allows Analysis and Mapping, Inc.; c2010 updated 2010 Mar 11; cited 2023 May 5. Available from: https://www.ndi.org/NDI_Launches_Website_that_Adds_Transparency_to_Afghanistan_Election_Data. Afghanistan Humanitarian Situation Report. 1-28 February 2023. Afghanistan: UNICEF; 2023.
  • WHO. Study protocol for the World Health Organization project to develop a Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL). Qual Life Res. 1993 Apr;2(2):153-9.
  • Ohchr.org Internet. Convention on the Rights of the Child, Inc.; c1990 updated 1990 Sep 2; cited 2023 May 9. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child.
  • Davis E, Young D, Gilson KM, Swift E, Chan J, Gibbs L, et all. A rights-based approach for service providers to measure the quality of life of children with a disability. Value Health. 2018 Dec;21(12):1419-1427. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2018.05.009.
  • Cohen, SS, Fry-Bowers, E, Bishop-Josef S, O'Neill MK, Westphaln K. Reframing child rights to effect policy change. Nurs Outlook. 2019 Jul-Aug;67(4):450-461. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.02.012.
  • Unicef.org Internet. Preserving Hope in Afghanistan Protecting Children in the World’s Most Lethal Conflict, Inc.; c2019 updated 2019 Dec 21; cited 2023 Apr 11. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/5186/file/UNICEF_Child_Alert_Preserving_Hope_Afghanistan.pdf, 2019.
  • Azad A. The role of general dostum in politics in Afghanistan between 1979-2014 and its effects on Turkish Society in Afghanistan and country politics. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2019; 3(1):149-179.
  • Blum RW, Li M, Pasha O, Rao C, Natiq K. Coming of age in the Shadow of the Taliban: Education, child marriage, and the future of Afghanistan from the perspectives of adolescents and their parents. J Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar; 64(3): 370-375. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.014.
  • Unicefturk.org Internet. Afganistan’daki çocukların durumu, Inc.; c2021 updated 2021 Aug 23; cited 2023 May 24 Available from: https://www.unicefturk.org/yazi/afganistandaki-cocuklarin-durumu.
  • Unicef.org Internet. UNICEF statement on the death of children in an explosion at Madrasa Al Jihad in Aybak city, Samangan Province, Afghanistan, Inc.; c2022 updated 2022 Nov 30; cited 2023 May 22. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/press-releases/unicef-statement-death-children-explosion-madrasa-al-jihad-aybak-city-samangan.
  • Qamar M, Anne Harris M, Tustin JL. The association between child marriage and domestic violence in Afghanistan. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Mar;37(5-6): 2948-2961. doi: 10.1177/0886260520951310.
  • Pellenq C, Lima L, Gunn S. Education, age and gender: Critical factors in determining interventions for child brick workers in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun;19(11):6797. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116797.
  • Kurt S. Çocuk Haklarına İlişkin Temel Uluslararası Belgeler ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Sosyal Politika Çalışma Dergisi. 2016;16(36):99-127.
  • Shafaq N. 1989’da Sovyetlerin çekilmesinden sonraki dönemde Afganistan’daki sosyolojik unsurların Afgan siyasetine etkileri Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2016.
  • Unicef.org Internet. Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme, Inc.; c1989 updated 2004 Nov 20; cited 2023 Oct 16. Available from: https://www.unicefturk.org/public/uploads/files/UNICEF_CocukHaklarinaDairSozlesme.pdf
  • Unicef.org Internet. Convention on the rights of the child; For every child, every right, Inc.; c1995 updated 2002 Nov 18; cited 2023 May 8. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/convention-rights-child.
  • Kassouf AL. Child labour and children's right to a better life. Lanset Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Dec;3(12):845-847. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30326-8.
  • Durrant JE, Stewart-Tufescu A, Afifi TO. Recognizing the child's right to protection from physical violence: An update on progress and a call to action. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(1):104297. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104297.
  • Molsa.gov.af Internet. Child rights support law approved by the president, Inc.; c2019 updated 2019 May 5; cited 2023 Oct 16. Available from: https://molsa.gov.af/en/node/492.

Being a Child in Afghanistan; The Value of the Child in Its Legal Dimensions

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 228 - 236, 25.12.2023

Abstract

The results of the internal turmoil that lasted for many years in Afghanistan show the effects on children the most. It states that approximately 10 million children in Afghanistan today are in need of help. From this point of view, it seems very difficult to provide and maintain the necessary physical, psychological and sociocultural environment in Afghanistan to be a child, to know the value of the child and to ensure the protection of children's rights. All countries of the world should not forget that the child, as stated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, due to his/her physical and mental immaturity, needs special safeguards and care, including appropriate legal protection, both before and after birth. The Government of Afghanistan ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1994. Yet millions of children in Afghanistan are still deprived of their basic rights, including the right to survival, protection, health, learning, play, participation, growth and reaching their full potential. Therefore, in this review, the value given to children and children's rights in Afghanistan and the living conditions of children are examined and it is aimed to show how much the child and children's rights are protected.

Project Number

yok

References

  • Kılıç E, Demir SB. Türkiye'deki Afgan mülteci öğrencilerin gözünden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti milli değerleri. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi. 2018;15(34):161-191.
  • Ndi.org Internet. NDI Launches Web site that Adds Transparency to Afghanistan Election Data: Innovative Tool Allows Analysis and Mapping, Inc.; c2010 updated 2010 Mar 11; cited 2023 May 5. Available from: https://www.ndi.org/NDI_Launches_Website_that_Adds_Transparency_to_Afghanistan_Election_Data. Afghanistan Humanitarian Situation Report. 1-28 February 2023. Afghanistan: UNICEF; 2023.
  • WHO. Study protocol for the World Health Organization project to develop a Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL). Qual Life Res. 1993 Apr;2(2):153-9.
  • Ohchr.org Internet. Convention on the Rights of the Child, Inc.; c1990 updated 1990 Sep 2; cited 2023 May 9. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child.
  • Davis E, Young D, Gilson KM, Swift E, Chan J, Gibbs L, et all. A rights-based approach for service providers to measure the quality of life of children with a disability. Value Health. 2018 Dec;21(12):1419-1427. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2018.05.009.
  • Cohen, SS, Fry-Bowers, E, Bishop-Josef S, O'Neill MK, Westphaln K. Reframing child rights to effect policy change. Nurs Outlook. 2019 Jul-Aug;67(4):450-461. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.02.012.
  • Unicef.org Internet. Preserving Hope in Afghanistan Protecting Children in the World’s Most Lethal Conflict, Inc.; c2019 updated 2019 Dec 21; cited 2023 Apr 11. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/5186/file/UNICEF_Child_Alert_Preserving_Hope_Afghanistan.pdf, 2019.
  • Azad A. The role of general dostum in politics in Afghanistan between 1979-2014 and its effects on Turkish Society in Afghanistan and country politics. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2019; 3(1):149-179.
  • Blum RW, Li M, Pasha O, Rao C, Natiq K. Coming of age in the Shadow of the Taliban: Education, child marriage, and the future of Afghanistan from the perspectives of adolescents and their parents. J Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar; 64(3): 370-375. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.09.014.
  • Unicefturk.org Internet. Afganistan’daki çocukların durumu, Inc.; c2021 updated 2021 Aug 23; cited 2023 May 24 Available from: https://www.unicefturk.org/yazi/afganistandaki-cocuklarin-durumu.
  • Unicef.org Internet. UNICEF statement on the death of children in an explosion at Madrasa Al Jihad in Aybak city, Samangan Province, Afghanistan, Inc.; c2022 updated 2022 Nov 30; cited 2023 May 22. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/press-releases/unicef-statement-death-children-explosion-madrasa-al-jihad-aybak-city-samangan.
  • Qamar M, Anne Harris M, Tustin JL. The association between child marriage and domestic violence in Afghanistan. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Mar;37(5-6): 2948-2961. doi: 10.1177/0886260520951310.
  • Pellenq C, Lima L, Gunn S. Education, age and gender: Critical factors in determining interventions for child brick workers in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun;19(11):6797. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116797.
  • Kurt S. Çocuk Haklarına İlişkin Temel Uluslararası Belgeler ve Türkiye Uygulaması. Sosyal Politika Çalışma Dergisi. 2016;16(36):99-127.
  • Shafaq N. 1989’da Sovyetlerin çekilmesinden sonraki dönemde Afganistan’daki sosyolojik unsurların Afgan siyasetine etkileri Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2016.
  • Unicef.org Internet. Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme, Inc.; c1989 updated 2004 Nov 20; cited 2023 Oct 16. Available from: https://www.unicefturk.org/public/uploads/files/UNICEF_CocukHaklarinaDairSozlesme.pdf
  • Unicef.org Internet. Convention on the rights of the child; For every child, every right, Inc.; c1995 updated 2002 Nov 18; cited 2023 May 8. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/convention-rights-child.
  • Kassouf AL. Child labour and children's right to a better life. Lanset Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Dec;3(12):845-847. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30326-8.
  • Durrant JE, Stewart-Tufescu A, Afifi TO. Recognizing the child's right to protection from physical violence: An update on progress and a call to action. Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Dec;110(1):104297. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104297.
  • Molsa.gov.af Internet. Child rights support law approved by the president, Inc.; c2019 updated 2019 May 5; cited 2023 Oct 16. Available from: https://molsa.gov.af/en/node/492.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pediatric Health and Illnesses Nursing
Journal Section Review
Authors

Elif Tiryaki 0000-0003-2152-7437

Fatma Güdücü Tüfekçi 0000-0002-2419-4845

Project Number yok
Early Pub Date December 15, 2023
Publication Date December 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Tiryaki E, Güdücü Tüfekçi F. Afganistan’da Çocuk Olmak; Hukuki Boyutlarıyla Çocuğun Değeri. JTNA. 2023;4(3):228-36.