Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field

Abdelaziz Boumaiza; Mahfoud Kadja; Cherif Ould Lahoucine; Zakaria Korei

doi:10.14744/thermal.0000965

Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field

Abstract

The ever-increasing consumption of limited energy sources has forced researchers and engineers to produce more efficient energy systems in order to use energy sources effectively. Among the existing energy systems, those which are made of corrugated configurations play an important role in heat transfer enhancement in many engineering applications such as heat exchangers, microchannel heat sinks, solar collectors, etc. This paper analyses the influence of an electromagnetic field on the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviours of Fe3O4-water flow in a corrugated channel in order optimize its performance. Such analysis has not been thoroughly investigated by other researchers. Three-dimensional numerical modelling was used to conduct this study. It consisted in solving the governing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy using the finite volume method. The following boundary conditions have been imposed in the study: the non-corrugated parts of the channel are thermally insulated, whereas the top and bottom corrugated surfaces receive a uniform heat flux. An external and uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow in the corrugated section. This study examines the effects of the magnetic field strength, the Reynolds number (Re), and the nanofluid volume fraction on the channel’s heat transfer performance. The analysis of the results reveals that heat transfer is significantly affected by the magnetic field at low Re numbers (less than 400). The presence of a magnetic field, particularly at B = 300G, prominently features the appearance of eddies at Re = 200 and Re = 400. Entropy generation decreases with increasing magnetic field, which is more evident in the B = 200G and B = 300G cases. The Nusselt number increases by more than 80% with B = 300G at a low Reynolds number (Re = 200). Both the thermal and total exergy destruction decrease as the Reynolds number and magnetic field strengths increase, especially in the cases of Re = 200 and Re = 400 with B = 300G. However, an increase in frictional exergy destruction is observed. The minimum total exergy destruction is achieved at Re = 1200, B = 300 G, and a volume fraction of 2%. The thermal exergy destruction and total exergy destruction in the case of B = 300G decrease by 37% compared to water.

Keywords

References

1. Oztop HF, Varol Y, Koca A. Natural convection in a vertically divided square enclosure by a solid partition into air and water regions. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2009;52:5909–5921. [CrossRef]
2. Ahmed SE. Effect of fractional derivatives on natural convection in a complex‐wavy‐wall surrounded enclosure filled with porous media using nanofluids. ZAMM J Appl Math Mech 2020;100:e201800323. [CrossRef]
3. Nasrin R, Hossain S, Zahan I, Ahmed KFU, Fayaz H. Performance analysis of hybrid/single nanofluids on augmentation of heat transport in lid‐driven undulated cavity. Heat Transf 2020;49:4204–4225. [CrossRef]
4. Ajeel RK, Salim WI. Experimental assessment of heat transfer and pressure drop of nanofluid as a coolant in corrugated channels. J Therm Anal Calorim 2021;144:1161–1173. [CrossRef]
5. Ajeel RK, Salim WI, Hasnan K. Experimental and numerical investigations of convection heat transfer in corrugated channels using alumina nanofluid under a turbulent flow regime. Chem Eng Res Des 2019;148:202–217. [CrossRef]
6. Zhang LY, Duan RJ, Che Y, Lu Z, Cui X, Wei LC, et al. A numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy and curved wavy channels. Int J Therm Sci 2022;171:107248. [CrossRef]
7. Tian XW, Zhang SZ, Sun C, Wang W. Heat transfer enhancement in cold plates with wavy channels via free-shape modeling and optimization. Int J Therm Sci 2023;193:108446. [CrossRef]
8. Liu P, Chen W. Thermal-hydraulic characteristics analysis of steam-air condensation in vertical porous-wall corrugated tubes. Appl Therm Eng 2024;236:121688. [CrossRef]

9. Sheikholeslami M, Khalili Z, Scardi P, Ataollahi N. Environmental and energy assessment of photovoltaic-thermal system combined with a reflector supported by nanofluid filter and a sustainable thermoelectric generator. J Clean Prod 2024;438:140659. [CrossRef]
10. Sheikholeslami M, Khalili Z. Simulation for impact of nanofluid spectral splitter on efficiency of concentrated solar photovoltaic thermal system. Sustain Cities Soc 2024;101:105139. [CrossRef]
11. Roy G, Nguyen CT, Lajoie PR. Numerical investigation of laminar flow and heat transfer in a radial flow cooling system with the use of nanofluids. Superlattices Microstruct 2004;35:497–511. [CrossRef]
12. Zhang L, Zhang A, Jing Y, Qu P, Wu Z. Effect of particle size on the heat transfer performance of SiO₂-water nanofluids. J Phys Chem C 2021;125:13590–13600. [CrossRef]
13. Esfahani NN, Toghraie D, Afrand M. A new correlation for predicting the thermal conductivity of ZnO–Ag (50%–50%)/water hybrid nanofluid: An experimental study. Powder Technol 2018;323:367–373. [CrossRef]
14. Afshari A, Akbari M, Toghraie D, Yazdi ME. Experimental investigation of rheological behavior of the hybrid nanofluid of MWCNT–alumina/water (80%)–ethylene-glycol (20%): New correlation and margin of deviation. J Therm Anal Calorim 2018;132:1001–1015. [CrossRef]
15. Korei Z, Louali K. Prediction of hybrid nanofluids behavior and entropy generation during the cooling of an electronic chip using the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach. Heat Transf 2022;51:6815–6835. [CrossRef]
16. Akhgar A, Toghraie D. An experimental study on the stability and thermal conductivity of water–ethylene glycol/TiO₂–MWCNTs hybrid nanofluid: Developing a new correlation. Powder Technol 2018;338:806–818. [CrossRef]
17. Mehrizi AA, Farhadi M, Afroozi HH, Sedighi K, Darz AR. Mixed convection heat transfer in a ventilated cavity with hot obstacle: Effect of nanofluid and outlet port location. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 2012;39:1000–1008. [CrossRef]
18. Korei Z, Benissaad S, Filali A, Berrahil F. An investigation of entropy and exergy of nanofluid flow in microchannel heat sinks. J Nanofluids 2023;12:1160–1172. [CrossRef]
19. Korei Z, Benissaad S, Chamkha AJ, Berrahil F, Filali A. Thermohydraulic and second law analyses during the cooling of an electronic device mounted in an open cavity equipped with magnetic nanofluid, magnetic field inducer, and porous media: A two-phase numerical investigation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 2022;139:106497. [CrossRef]
20. Sheikholeslami M, Ellahi R, Vafai K. Study of Fe₃O₄–water nanofluid with convective heat transfer in the presence of magnetic source. Alex Eng J 2018;57:565–575. [CrossRef]
21. Fersadou I, Kahalerras H, El Ganaoui M. MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of a nanofluid in a vertical porous channel. Comput Fluids 2015;121:164–179. [CrossRef]
22. Hussain S, Mehmood K, Sagheer M. MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of water–alumina nanofluid flow in a double lid driven cavity with discrete heating. J Magn Magn Mater 2016;419:140–155. [CrossRef]
23. Korei Z, Bengherbia N. Heat transfer and thermodynamic analysis of the impact of porous media and nano‐powder types in an open cavity equipped with an electronic component. Heat Transf 2022;51:7056–7080. [CrossRef]
24. Selimefendigil F, Öztop HF. Analysis of MHD mixed convection in a flexible walled and nanofluids filled lid-driven cavity with volumetric heat generation. Int J Mech Sci 2016;118:113–124. [CrossRef]
25. Job VM, Gunakala SR. Mixed convection nanofluid flows through a grooved channel with internal heat generating solid cylinders in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2017;107:133–145. [CrossRef]
26. Haq RU, Hamouch Z, Hussain ST, Mekkaoui T. MHD mixed convection flow along a vertically heated sheet. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2017;42:15925–15932. [CrossRef]
27. Öztop HF, Sakhrieh A, Abu-Nada E, Al-Salem K. Mixed convection of MHD flow in nanofluid filled and partially heated wavy walled lid-driven enclosure. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 2017;86:42–51. [CrossRef]
28. Javed T, Siddiqui MA. Energy transfer through mixed convection within square enclosure containing micropolar fluid with non-uniformly heated bottom wall under the MHD impact. J Mol Liq 2018;249:831–842. [CrossRef]
29. Maifi T, Sari Hassoun Z, Korei Z, Chamkha AJ. Exploring enhanced heat transfer in wavy porous enclosures: Optimization and analysis of ternary nanofluid integration under varied boundary conditions with MHD mixed convection. Numer Heat Transf A Appl 2024:1–36. [CrossRef]
30. Sheikholeslami M. Numerical approach for MHD Al₂O₃–water nanofluid transportation inside a permeable medium using innovative computer method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 2019;344:306–318. [CrossRef]
31. Sheikholeslami M, Ellahi R. Three dimensional mesoscopic simulation of magnetic field effect on natural convection of nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2015;89:799–808. [CrossRef]
32. Lajvardi M, Moghimi-Rad J, Hadi I, Gavili A, Isfahani TD, Zabihi F, et al. Experimental investigation for enhanced ferrofluid heat transfer under magnetic field effect. J Magn Magn Mater 2010;322:3508–3513. [CrossRef]
33. Li Q, Xuan Y, Wang J. Experimental investigations on transport properties of magnetic fluids. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 2005;30:109–116. [CrossRef]
34. Ghofrani A, Dibaei MH, Sima AH, Shafii MB. Experimental investigation on laminar forced convection heat transfer of ferrofluids under an alternating magnetic field. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 2013;49:193–200. [CrossRef]
35. Fadaei F, Shahrokhi M, Dehkordi AM, Abbasi Z. Heat transfer enhancement of Fe₃O₄ ferrofluids in the presence of magnetic field. J Magn Magn Mater 2017;429:314–323. [CrossRef]
36. Olayemi OA, Obalalu AM, Odetunde CB, Ajala OA. Heat transfer enhancement of magnetized nanofluid flow due to a stretchable rotating disk with variable thermophysical properties effects. Eur Phys J Plus 2022;137:393. [CrossRef]
37. Petrini PA, Lester DR, Rosengarten G. Enhanced laminar heat transfer via magnetically driven ferrofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2023;217:124703. [CrossRef]
38. Varkaneh AS, Nooshabadi GAS, Arani AAA. Flow field and heat transfer of ferromagnetic nanofluid in presence of magnetic field inside a corrugated tube. J Therm Eng 2021;9:1667–1686. [CrossRef]
39. Rahman H. Investigation of thermomagnetic gravitational convection and energy distribution in a vertical layer of ferrofluid. J Therm Eng 2021;10:936–953. [CrossRef]
40. Taghikhani MA. Magnetic field effect on the heat transfer in a nanofluid filled lid driven cavity with Joule heating. J Therm Eng 2020;6:521–543. [CrossRef]
41. Zahmatkesh I. Effect of magnetic field orientation on nanofluid free convection in a porous cavity: A heat visualization study. J Therm Eng 2020;6:170–186. [CrossRef]
42. Sheikholeslami M. New computational approach for exergy and entropy analysis of nanofluid under the impact of Lorentz force through a porous media. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 2019;344:319–333. [CrossRef]
43. Tabarhoseini SM, Sheikholeslami M. Entropy generation and thermal analysis of nanofluid flow inside the evacuated tube solar collector. Sci Rep 2022;12:1380. [CrossRef]
44. Sheikholeslami M, Arabkoohsar A, Khan I, Shafee A, Li Z. Impact of Lorentz forces on Fe3O4-water ferrofluid entropy and exergy treatment within a permeable semi annulus. J Clean Prod 2019;221:885–898. [CrossRef]
45. Bhardwaj S, Dalal A, Pati S. Influence of wavy wall and non-uniform heating on natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation inside porous complex enclosure. Energy 2015;79:467–481. [CrossRef]
46. Chamkha AJ, Selimefendigil F, Oztop HF. MHD mixed convection and entropy generation in a lid-driven triangular cavity for various electrical conductivity models. Entropy 2018;20:903. [CrossRef]
47. Saboj JH, Nag P, Saha G, Saha SC. Entropy production analysis in an octagonal cavity with an inner cold cylinder: A thermodynamic aspect. Energies 2023;16:5487. [CrossRef]
48. Saboj JH, Nag P, Saha G, Saha SC. Heat transfer assessment incorporated with entropy generation within a curved corner structure enclosing a cold domain. Heat Transf 2024;53:2460–2479. [CrossRef]
49. Bezaatpour M, Goharkhah M. Effect of magnetic field on the hydrodynamic and heat transfer of magnetite ferrofluid flow in a porous fin heat sink. J Magn Magn Mater 2019;476:506–515. [CrossRef]
50. Cheng DK. Fundamentals of engineering electromagnetics. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Pearson; 1993.
51. Goharkhah M, Bezaatpour M, Javar D. A comparative investigation on the accuracy of magnetic force models in ferrohydrodynamics. Powder Technol 2020;360:1143–1156. [CrossRef]
52. Hosseinizadeh SE, Majidi S, Goharkhah M, Jahangiri A. Energy and exergy analysis of ferrofluid flow in a triple tube heat exchanger under the influence of an external magnetic field. Therm Sci Eng Prog 2021;25:101019. [CrossRef]
53. Bergman TL. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
54. Korei Z, Berrahil F, Filali A, Benissaad S, Boulmerka A. Thermo-magnetic convection analysis of magnetite ferrofluid in an arc-shaped lid-driven electronic chamber with partial heating. J Therm Anal Calorim 2023;148:2585–2604. [CrossRef]
55. Korei Z, Benissaad S. Turbulent forced convection and entropy analysis of a nanofluid through a 3D 90 elbow using a two-phase approach. Heat Transf 2021;50:8173–8203. [CrossRef]
56. Bejan A, Tsatsaronis G, Moran MJ. Thermal design and optimization. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 1995.
57. Ding H, Li Y, Lakzian E, Wen C, Wang C. Entropy generation and exergy destruction in condensing steam flow through turbine blade with surface roughness. Energy Convers Manag 2019;196:1089–1104. [CrossRef]
58. Ahmed MA, Shuaib NH, Yusoff MZ, Al-Falahi AH. Numerical investigations of flow and heat transfer enhancement in a corrugated channel using nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf 2011;38:1368–1375. [CrossRef]
59. Ashjaee M, Goharkhah M, Khadem LA, Ahmadi R. Effect of magnetic field on the forced convection heat transfer and pressure drop of a magnetic nanofluid in a miniature heat sink. Heat Mass Transf 2015;51:953–964. [CrossRef]
60. Mehrez Z, El Cafsi A. Heat exchange enhancement of ferrofluid flow into rectangular channel in the presence of a magnetic field. Appl Math Comput 2021;391:125634. [CrossRef]

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Aerodynamics (Excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Abdelaziz Boumaiza ^* This is me
0009-0006-8565-7686
Algeria

Mahfoud Kadja This is me
0009-0007-4982-1220
Algeria

Cherif Ould Lahoucine This is me
0000-0002-1644-6109
Algeria

Zakaria Korei This is me
0000-0002-2103-7000
Algeria

Publication Date

July 31, 2025

Submission Date

April 30, 2024

Acceptance Date

September 24, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000965

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99YA77SB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Boumaiza, A., Kadja, M., Ould Lahoucine, C., & Korei, Z. (2025). Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 11(4), 991-1010. https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000965

AMA

1.Boumaiza A, Kadja M, Ould Lahoucine C, Korei Z. Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2025;11(4):991-1010. doi:10.14744/thermal.0000965

Chicago

Boumaiza, Abdelaziz, Mahfoud Kadja, Cherif Ould Lahoucine, and Zakaria Korei. 2025. “Thermo-Hydrodynamic Analysis and Exergy Destruction Minimization in a Three- Dimensional Corrugated Channel Working With a Ferrofluid and an External Magnetic Field”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 11 (4): 991-1010. https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000965.

EndNote

Boumaiza A, Kadja M, Ould Lahoucine C, Korei Z (July 1, 2025) Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field. Journal of Thermal Engineering 11 4 991–1010.

IEEE

[1]A. Boumaiza, M. Kadja, C. Ould Lahoucine, and Z. Korei, “Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field”, Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 991–1010, July 2025, doi: 10.14744/thermal.0000965.

ISNAD

Boumaiza, Abdelaziz - Kadja, Mahfoud - Ould Lahoucine, Cherif - Korei, Zakaria. “Thermo-Hydrodynamic Analysis and Exergy Destruction Minimization in a Three- Dimensional Corrugated Channel Working With a Ferrofluid and an External Magnetic Field”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 11/4 (July 1, 2025): 991-1010. https://doi.org/10.14744/thermal.0000965.

JAMA

1.Boumaiza A, Kadja M, Ould Lahoucine C, Korei Z. Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2025;11:991–1010.

MLA

Boumaiza, Abdelaziz, et al. “Thermo-Hydrodynamic Analysis and Exergy Destruction Minimization in a Three- Dimensional Corrugated Channel Working With a Ferrofluid and an External Magnetic Field”. Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, July 2025, pp. 991-1010, doi:10.14744/thermal.0000965.

Vancouver

1.Abdelaziz Boumaiza, Mahfoud Kadja, Cherif Ould Lahoucine, Zakaria Korei. Thermo-hydrodynamic analysis and exergy destruction minimization in a three- dimensional corrugated channel working with a ferrofluid and an external magnetic field. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2025 Jul. 1;11(4):991-1010. doi:10.14744/thermal.0000965