Experimental performance evaluation of water source heat pumps in different circumstances and comparison to air source heat pumps

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 954 - 967, 04.08.2023

Ahmad Saleh

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.1332182

Abstract

This study aims to present a novel experimental method for studying the performance of wa-ter source heat pumps which have not received sufficient attention, although this is particu-larly important for hot regions with great potential of hot water sources. The experimental model has special characteristics as it allows to investigate the performance of heat pumps under different operating conditions and allows a comparison between different types of heat pumps without the need to install a ground heat exchanger. The ground heat exchanger is known to be the most expensive part of any experimental model. In addition to that, it only allows to study the performance under specific conditions. The ground heat exchanger was replaced by a secondary heat pump that allows to provide an environment that simulates the different operating conditions of different types of heat pumps. It was found that water source heat pumps are more efficient than air source heat pumps with efficiency that increases with increasing water source temperature. It was found that increasing the water source tempera-ture from 5 to 20 oC, improved the rate of heat extracted from the water source by 11.3% and the coefficient of performance by 2.8% for each degree. Another important feature of water source heat pumps is the stability of the energy flow rates, which is a guarantee of higher sea-sonal performance coefficients. It can be concluded that hot regions with high potential of hot water sources has valuable opportunities to invest in the field of water source heat pumps with the consequent significant energy savings.

Keywords

Keywords: Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP), Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP), Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)

References

• REFERENCES [1] Ratlamwala TAH, Waseem S, Salman Y, Bham AA. Geothermal and solar energy–based multigeneration system for a district. Int J Energy Res 2019;43:1–22. [CrossRef]
• [2] Chiasson A. Geothermal heat pump and heat engine systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2016.
• [3] Kanoglu M, Ceyhun Y, Abusoglu A. Geothermal energy use in hydrogen production. J Therm Eng 2016;2:699708. [CrossRef]
• [4] Abdel Rahman A, Dincer I. Analysis and assessment of a geothermal based cogeneration system and lithium extraction. Int J Energy Res 2020;44:95869597. [CrossRef]
• [5] ENERGY STAR Most Efficient 2021 — Geothermal Heat Pumps. Available at: https://www.energystar.gov/products/energy_star_most_efficient_2020/geothermal_heat_pumps Accessed on Jul 18, 2023.
• [6] Urchueguia JF, Zacares M, Corberan JM, Montero A, Martos J, Witte H. Comparison between the energy performance of a ground coupled water to water heat pump system and an air to water heat pump system for heating and cooling in typical conditions of the European Mediterranean coast. Energy Convers Manag 2008;49:29172923. [CrossRef]
• [7] Congedo PM, Colangelo G, Starace G. CFD simulations of horizontal ground heat exchangers: A comparison among different configurations. Appl Therm Eng 2012;33-34:24–32. [CrossRef]
• [8] D’Arpa S, Petrosillo I, Uricchio V, Zurlini G, Colangelo G, Starace G. Heating requirements in greenhouses farming in South of Italy: evaluation of water source heat pump utilization. Energy Effic 2016;9:1065–1085. [CrossRef]
• [9] Saleh A, Al-Nimr MA. A novel vacuum wastewater treatment plant integrated with a solar bsorption system. Int J Energy Res 2020;44:1685–1697. [CrossRef]
• [10] Tarique S, Siddiqui MA. Performance and economic study of the combined absorption/compression heat pump. Energy Convers Manag 1999;40:575–591. [CrossRef]
• [11] Azhar M, Siddiqui MA. Optimization of operating temperatures in the gas operated single to triple effect vapour absorption refrigeration cycles. Int J Refrig 2017;82:401–425. [CrossRef]
• [12] Azhar Md, Siddiqui MA. Exergy analysis of single to triple effect lithium bromide-water vapour absorption cycles and optimization of the operating parameters. Energy Convers Manag 2019;180;1225–1246. [CrossRef]
• [13] Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Mi H, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. Experimental research of a water-source heat pump water heater system. Energies 2018;11:1205. [CrossRef]
• [14] Demir H, Koyun A, Temir G. Heat transfer of horizontal parallel pipe ground heat exchanger and experimental verification. Appl Therm Eng 2009;29:224233. [CrossRef]
• [15] Wang Z, Wang L, Ma A, Liang K, Song Z, Feng L. Performance evaluation of ground water-source heat pump system with a fresh air preconditioner using ground water. Energy Conver Manag 2019;188:250–261. [CrossRef]
• [16] Aksu1B, Uysal C, Kurt H. Thermoeconomic analysis of a water to water heat pump under different condenser and evaporator conditions. J Therm Eng 2019;5:198209. [CrossRef]
• [17] Lv N, Zhang Q, Wu D, Chen Z. Surface water source heat pump air conditioning system simulation and operation performance analysis. Procedia Eng 2015;121:1880–1886. [CrossRef]
• [18] ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Handbook, HVAC Applications, Atlanta 2011.
• [19] Valancius R, Singh RM, Jurelionis A, Vaiciunas J. A review of heat pump systems and applications in cold climates: Evidence from Lithuania. Energies 2019;12:4331. [CrossRef]
• [20] Schibuol L, Scarpa M. Experimental analysis of the performances of a surface water source heat pump. Energy Build 2016;113:182–188. [CrossRef]
• [21] Yu S. Introduction of water source heat pump system. In: Wang R, Zhai X (Eds.). Handbook of Energy Systems in Green Buildings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2018. p. 473519. [CrossRef]
• [22] Sarbu I, Sebarchievici C. General review of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling of buildings. Energy Build 2014;70:441454. [CrossRef]
• [23] Zhu N, Hu P, Wang W, Yu J, Lei F. Performance analysis of ground water-source heat pump system with improved control strategies for building retrofit. Renewable Energy 2015;80:324330. [CrossRef]
• [24] Sciacovelli A, Guelpa E, Verda V. Multi-scale modeling of the environmental impact and energy performance of open-loop groundwater heat pumps in urban areas. Appl Therm Eng 2014;71:780789. [CrossRef]
• [25] Postrioti L, Baldinelli G, Bianchi F, Buitoni G, Maria FD, Asdrubali F. An experimental setup for the analysis of an energy recovery system from wastewater for heat pumps in civil buildings. Appl Therm Eng 2016;102:961971. [CrossRef]
• [26] Han SK, Chae KH, Hwang DK. A design case study on sea and river water source heat pump. In Proceedings of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea (SAREK) Summer Annual Conference, Pyeongchang, Korea, 6–8 July;2011:1212-1217.
• [27] Zou S, Xie X. Simplified model for coefficient of performance calculation of surface water source heat pump. Appl Therm Eng 2017;112 (Supplement C):201–207. [CrossRef]
• [28] Zheng W, Ye T, You S, Zhang H. The thermal performance of seawater-source heat pump systems in areas of severe cold during winter. Energy Convers Manag 2015;90:166174. [CrossRef]
• [29] Xia L, Ma Z, McLauchlan C, Wang S. Experimental investigation and control optimization of a water source heat pump system. Appl Therm Eng 2017;127 (Supplement C):70–80. [CrossRef]
• [30] Cengel YA, Boles MA. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2015. p:609610.
• [31] Al-Hinti I, Al-Muhtady A, Al-Kouz W. Measurement and modelling of the ground temperature profile in Zarqa, Jordan for geothermal heat pump applications. Appl Therm Eng 2017;123:131–137. [CrossRef]
• [32] Kahraman A, Çelebi A. investigation of the performance of a heat pump using waste water as a heat source. Energies 2009;2:697713. [CrossRef]
• [33] Alshehri F, Beck S, Ingham D, Ma L, Pourkashanian M. Techno-economic analysis of ground and air source heat pumps in hot dry climates. J Build Eng 2019;26:100825. [CrossRef]
• [34] Al-Zyoud S. Geothermal energy utilization in Jordanian deserts. Int J Geosci2019;10:906918. [CrossRef]
• [35] Büyükalaca O, Ekinci F, Yılmaz T. Experimental investigation of Seyhan River and dam lake as heat source–sink for a heat pump. Energy 2003;28:157169. [CrossRef]
• [36] Hepbasli A, Akdemir O, Hancioglu E. Experimental study of a closed loop vertical ground source heat pump system. Energy Convers Manag 2003;44:527548. [CrossRef]
• [37] Kavanaugh SP. Field test of vertical ground-coupled heat pump in Alabama. ASHRAE Trans 1992;98:607–616.
• [38] Sulatisky M, van der Kamp G. Ground-source heat pumps in the Canadian prairies. ASHRAE Trans 1991;97:374–385.