Research Article

Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire

Number: 12 November 30, 2011
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Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to clarify the status of non-muslims and their religious leaders in the Ottoman Empire by making a comparison between the muslim and non-muslim officials regarding their authorities given by the state, as well as the nature of the Ottoman administration and its relation to non-muslims, explaining the reality of the millet system. The matter will wholly be taken into consideration from a legal point of view, and the social status of non-muslims is beyond the scope of this paper. Researches made in the last two decades have proved that the explanations about the so-called millet system are not valid. The fact of the matter is that, the Ottomans administered their non-muslim subjects under a system named tax-farming/iltizam. According to this system, the non-muslim subjects were not autonomous and they did not have legal autonomy in the Ottoman Empire. On the contrary, the Ottoman administration controlled and regulated the non-muslims' social and legal matters in accordance with Islamic Law.

Keywords

References

  1. [Editör Notu: Bu kaynakça, metindeki dipnotlar esas alınarak oluşturulmuştur. / Editor's Note: This bibliography was compiled based on the footnotes in the text.]
  2. Akgündüz, Ahmet, Osmanlı Kanunnameleri, vol. II, Istanbul: FEY, 1990.
  3. Akgündüz, Ahmet, Osmanlı Kanunnameleri, vol. IV, Istanbul: FEY, 1992.
  4. Atar, Fahrettin, İslam Adliye Teşkilatı, Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, 1979.
  5. Aydın, M. Akif, "Osmanlıda Hukuk", in Osmanlı Devleti Tarihi, ed. Ekmeleddin İhsanoglu, vol. 2, Istanbul: Zaman, 1999.
  6. Bat Ye'or, The Dhimmi, Jews and Christians under Islam, Rutherford: Farleigh Dickinson University, 1985.
  7. Beydilli, Kemal, Recognition of the Armenian Catholic Community and the Church in the Reign of Mahmud II, Cambridge: Harvard University, 1995.
  8. Braude, Benjamin, "Foundation Myths of the Millet System", in The Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, ed. B. Braude and B. Lewis, vol. 1, New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, 1982.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Legal History

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Publication Date

November 30, 2011

Submission Date

July 10, 2011

Acceptance Date

November 30, 2011

Published in Issue

Year 2011 Number: 12

APA
Kenanoğlu, M. (2011). Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, 12, 17-38. https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK
AMA
1.Kenanoğlu M. Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları. 2011;(12):17-38. https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK
Chicago
Kenanoğlu, Macit. 2011. “Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire”. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, nos. 12: 17-38. https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK.
EndNote
Kenanoğlu M (November 1, 2011) Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları 12 17–38.
IEEE
[1]M. Kenanoğlu, “Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire”, Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, no. 12, pp. 17–38, Nov. 2011, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK
ISNAD
Kenanoğlu, Macit. “Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire”. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları. 12 (November 1, 2011): 17-38. https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK.
JAMA
1.Kenanoğlu M. Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları. 2011;:17–38.
MLA
Kenanoğlu, Macit. “Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire”. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, no. 12, Nov. 2011, pp. 17-38, https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK.
Vancouver
1.Macit Kenanoğlu. Is Millet System a Reality or a Myth? The Legal Position of the Non-Muslim Subjects and Their Religious Leaders in the Ottoman Empire. Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları [Internet]. 2011 Nov. 1;(12):17-38. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA93YS62SK