Roland Robertson’un Küreselleşme Kuramından Dinin Geleceğine Bakmak

Year 2023, , 270 - 286, 01.07.2023

İsa Abidoğlu

https://doi.org/10.32711/tiad.1272096

Abstract

Küreselleşme kavramı ve çoklu modernlikler üzerine araştırma yapan birçok sosyal bilimci 1990’lardan bu yana klasik anlamdaki sosyolojik teoride özellikle sekülerleşme teorilerinde bazı değişimlere işaret etmektedirler. Söz konusu teorilere göre Batının klasik modernleşme modelinde görülen sekülerleşme aygıtlarının küreselleşme tarafından oluşturulan çoklu modernleşme modeli vasıtasıyla dinin üzerindeki hegomanik etkisinin kırıldığı dolayısıyla hem kurumsal dinin hem de yerel dinlerin küreselleşme ve küyerelleşme ile el ele gittiği ve sosyal iletişimin alt sistemlerini etkilediği iddia edilmektedir. Söz konusu iddianın sahibi olan Robertson, insanların kendilerinin ve toplumlarının temellerini göreceleştirmelerine ve yeniden keşfetmelerine neden olan bir dini canlanmanın küreselleşme ile olan etkileşiminden söz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla Robertson küreselleşme ile birlikte dini canlanmanın, geleneksel olarak iddia edildiği gibi homojen bir yapıda olmadığını savunmuştur. Bu savunuya göre yerelliğin öz dinamikleri üzerinden canlanan dindarlık refleksleri modernleşme ve küreselleşme karşıtı hareketin bir ifadesi değil, küreselleşme tarafından yönlendirilen reflekslerdir. Buradaki tespitten hareketle bu makale, genel olarak küreselleşme teorileri içinde önemli bir yer ihdas eden Roland Robertson’ın teorisini esas alarak küreselleşme ve din üzerine yapılan tartışmalarda dinin gelecekteki pozisyonuna ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Bununla beraber Robertsoncu teoriyi geleneksel din sosyolojisi teorileriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak konumlandırmak ve bu teorinin küreselleşme olgusunun açılımları dahilinde din sosyolojisine kattığı bilimsel nitelik potansiyelini açığa çıkartmaya çalışmak bu makalenin amaçları arasındadır.

Keywords

Roland Robertson, Küreselleşme, Küyerelleşme, Desekülarizasyon, Dini canlanma

Viewing the Future of Religion from Roland Robertson’s Theory of Globalism

Abstract

Since the 1990s, some changes in classical sociological theories, especially in secularisation theories, have been pointed out by many social scientists working on the concept of globalization and multiple modernities. According to these theories, the hegemonial influence of the secularising apparatuses on religion, as seen in the classical model of Western modernity, has been disrupted by the multiple model of modernity created by globalization. As a result, both institutional religion and local religions go hand in hand with globalization and multilocalization, affecting the subsystems of social communication. Robertson, the author of this claim, speaks of the interaction of a religious revival with globalization that causes people to relativize and rediscover the foundations of themselves and their societies. Thus, Robertson argues that the religious revival with globalization is not homogeneous as traditionally claimed. According to this argument, the reflexes of religiosity that are revived through the core dynamics of locality are not an expression of the anti-modernisation and anti-globalization movement, but reflexes driven by globalization. From this point of view, this article focuses on Roland Robertson’s theory, which occupies an important place in globalization theories in general and aims to clarify the future position of religion in the debates on globalization and religion. Furthermore, it aims to position Robertson’s theory in relation to the traditional theories of the sociology of religion and to try to grasp the potential of scientific quality that this theory adds to the sociology of religion within the expansions of the phenomenon of globalization.

Keywords

Roland Robertson, Globalization, Glokalization, Desecularization, Religious Revival

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