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Vietnamese New Religious Movement: Caodaism

Year 2024, , 73 - 93, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1446968

Abstract

New religious movements emerge as an alternative in situations where traditional religions are weakened and political and social problems are experienced. Regions, where cultural transitions and religious diversity are intense, have provided suitable environments for the emergence of these movements. The Far East, which hosts many different cultures and major and minor religions, also provided a suitable environment for new religious movements. Vietnam, a Far Eastern country, has hosted important examples of new religious movements with its cultural and religious diversity. Vietnam, which was subject to Chinese invasion for a long time, was under the influence of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism as a result of this invasion. With the arrival of the French in the 17th century, Christianity was added to Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. This versatile religious influence has given rise to new religious movements in Vietnam. Caodaism, one of the most important of these new religious movements, emerged as an answer to the problem of making sense of and explaining this diversity of religions and cultures. Caodaism, which tries to transcend its borders and include Western religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam with a syncretic interpretation, aims to become a world religion, end religious conflicts and ensure universal peace. In this study examining the syncretic structure of Caodaism, information about the emergence of Caodaism, its institutional structure, spread and teachings is given by using the chronological and descriptive method.

References

  • Aliyev, Abdulali. “Cao Dai”. Yeni Dini Hareketler Ansiklopedisi. ed. Süleyman Turan - Emine Battal. 116-118. İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2020.
  • Blagov, Sergei. “Vietnamese New Religious Movements: An Introduction”. Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements. ed. Lukas Pokorny - Franz Winter. 547-564. Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Corfield, Justin. The History of Vietnam. The United States of America: Greenwood Press, 2008.
  • Farid, Md. Shaikh. “Caodaism: A Syncretistic Religion of Vietnam”. CDR 1 (2006), 53-57.
  • Farid, Md. Shaikh. “The Chinese Religious Influences on Caodaism: A Critical Analysis”. Philosophy and Progress 50/1 (2011), 109-128.
  • Göksoy, İsmail Hakkı. “Çamlar”. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. EK-1/278-282, 2020. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/camlar
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Din ve İnanç Sözlüğü. Ankara: Vadi Yayınları, 1998.
  • Hoang, Chung. “New Religious Movements in Vietnamese Media Discourse since 1986: A Critical Approach”. Journal of Australian Religion Studies Review 25/3 (2012), 293-315.
  • Hoskins, Janet Alison. “An Unjealous God? Christian Elements in a Vietnamese Syncretistic Religion”. Current Anthropology 55/10 (2014), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1086/678183
  • Hoskins, Janet Alison. The Divine Eye and the Diaspora: Vietnamese Syncretism Becomes Transpacific Caodaism. USA: University of Hawaii Press, 2015.
  • Jammes, Jérémy. “Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ (Cao Đài)”. Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements. ed. Lukas Pokorny - Franz Winter. 565-583. Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Kaya, Murat. Bir Şinto Milliyetçisi Motoori Norinaga. İstanbul: Kitap Yurdu Doğrudan Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Ngoc, Chau Nguyen. The Basic Truths on Caodaism. HAL Open Science, 2021.
  • Oliver, Victor L. “Caodaism: A Vietnamese Socio-Religious Movement”. Dynamic Religious Movements. ed. David Hesselgrave. 273-296. United States of America: Baker Book House, 1978.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. “Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Ortaya Çıkış Sebepleri ve Temel Karakteristikleri”. Nedenleri ve Niçinleriyle Yeni Dini Hareketler. ed. Süleyman Turan - Faruk Sancar. 27-46. İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2018.
  • Page, Hugh R. “Cham”. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: East and Southeast Asia. ed. Paul Hockings. 5/73-74. New York: G.K. Hall, 1993.
  • Pokorny, Lukas - Winter, Franz. “East Asian New Religious Movements: Introductory Remarks”. Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements. ed. Lukas Pokorny - Franz Winter. 3-13. Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Ralph, Smith. Viet-Nam and the West. The United States of America: Cornell University Press, 1968.
  • Setudeh-Nejad, S. “The Cham Muslims of Southeast Asia: A Historical Note”. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 22/2 (Ekim 2002), 451-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360200022000027393
  • Smith, Ronald Bishop. “An Introduction to Caodaism I. Origins and Early History”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33/2 (1970), 335-349.
  • Şenavcu, Halil İbrahim. “Japon Yeni Dini Hareketlerinde Halk Hekimliği: Sekai Kyusei Kyo Örneği”. Mizanü’l-Hak: İslami İlimler Dergisi 13 (2021), 195-219.
  • Tran, My-Van. “Vietnam’s Caodaism, Independence, and Peace: The Life and Work of Pham Cong Tac (1890-1959)”. Program for Southeast Asian Area Studies, Academia Sinica 38 (2000), 1-28.
  • Tràng, T.P. T.V. The Teachings of the Great Way. çev. H. T. H. Bui - C. H. D. Bui. USA: The Representative Organization of the Caodai Overseas, 2015.
  • Trinh, Túy Ngoc. A Brief Introduction to Caodaism. Oakbridge Dr. San Jose: Lay Dignitaries Caodai International, 2014.
  • Tucker, Spencer C. Vietnam. London: UCL Press, 1999.
  • Woods, Shelton L. Vietnam: A Global Studies Handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC CLIO, 2002.

Vietnam Yeni Dinî Hareketi: Kaodaizm

Year 2024, , 73 - 93, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1446968

Abstract

Yeni dinî hareketler, geleneksel dinlerin zayıfladığı, siyasî ve sosyal problemlerin yaşandığı durumlarda, bir alternatif olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kültürel geçişlerin ve dinî çeşitliliğin yoğun olduğu bölgeler, bu hareketlerin ortaya çıkmasına müsait ortamlar sunmuştur. Birçok farklı kültüre, büyük ve küçük dine ev sahipliği yapan Uzakdoğu da yeni dinî hareketler için uygun bir ortam sunmuştur. Bir Uzakdoğu ülkesi olan Vietnam, sahip olduğu kültürel ve dinsel çeşitlilikle yeni dinî hareketler açısından önemli örnekler barındırmıştır. Uzun bir zaman Çin istilasına maruz kalan Vietnam, bu istilanın sonucunda, Taoizm, Konfüçyanizm ve Budizm’in etkisi altında kalmıştır. 17. yüzyılda Fransızların gelişiyle, Taoizm’e, Konfüçyanizm’e ve Budizm’e, Hıristiyanlık da eklenmiştir. Bu çok yönlü dinsel etki, Vietnam’da yeni dinî hareketleri ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu yeni dinî hareketlerin en önemlilerinden olan Kaodaizm, bu dinler ve kültürler çeşitliliğini anlamlandırma ve açıklama problemine bir cevap olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. İçinde bulunduğu sınırları aşarak Yahudilik, Hıristiyanlık ve İslâm gibi Batı dinlerini de senkretik bir yorumla kapsamaya çalışan Kaodaizm, bir dünya dini olmayı, dinsel çatışmaları sonlandırmayı ve evrensel barışı sağlamayı amaçlamıştır. Kaodaizm’in senkretik yapısını inceleyen bu çalışmada, kronolojik ve tasvirci yöntemden faydalanılarak Kaodaizm’in ortaya çıkışı, kurumsal yapısı, yayılışı ve öğretileri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.

References

  • Aliyev, Abdulali. “Cao Dai”. Yeni Dini Hareketler Ansiklopedisi. ed. Süleyman Turan - Emine Battal. 116-118. İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2020.
  • Blagov, Sergei. “Vietnamese New Religious Movements: An Introduction”. Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements. ed. Lukas Pokorny - Franz Winter. 547-564. Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Corfield, Justin. The History of Vietnam. The United States of America: Greenwood Press, 2008.
  • Farid, Md. Shaikh. “Caodaism: A Syncretistic Religion of Vietnam”. CDR 1 (2006), 53-57.
  • Farid, Md. Shaikh. “The Chinese Religious Influences on Caodaism: A Critical Analysis”. Philosophy and Progress 50/1 (2011), 109-128.
  • Göksoy, İsmail Hakkı. “Çamlar”. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. EK-1/278-282, 2020. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/camlar
  • Gündüz, Şinasi. Din ve İnanç Sözlüğü. Ankara: Vadi Yayınları, 1998.
  • Hoang, Chung. “New Religious Movements in Vietnamese Media Discourse since 1986: A Critical Approach”. Journal of Australian Religion Studies Review 25/3 (2012), 293-315.
  • Hoskins, Janet Alison. “An Unjealous God? Christian Elements in a Vietnamese Syncretistic Religion”. Current Anthropology 55/10 (2014), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1086/678183
  • Hoskins, Janet Alison. The Divine Eye and the Diaspora: Vietnamese Syncretism Becomes Transpacific Caodaism. USA: University of Hawaii Press, 2015.
  • Jammes, Jérémy. “Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ (Cao Đài)”. Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements. ed. Lukas Pokorny - Franz Winter. 565-583. Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Kaya, Murat. Bir Şinto Milliyetçisi Motoori Norinaga. İstanbul: Kitap Yurdu Doğrudan Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Ngoc, Chau Nguyen. The Basic Truths on Caodaism. HAL Open Science, 2021.
  • Oliver, Victor L. “Caodaism: A Vietnamese Socio-Religious Movement”. Dynamic Religious Movements. ed. David Hesselgrave. 273-296. United States of America: Baker Book House, 1978.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. “Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Ortaya Çıkış Sebepleri ve Temel Karakteristikleri”. Nedenleri ve Niçinleriyle Yeni Dini Hareketler. ed. Süleyman Turan - Faruk Sancar. 27-46. İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2018.
  • Page, Hugh R. “Cham”. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: East and Southeast Asia. ed. Paul Hockings. 5/73-74. New York: G.K. Hall, 1993.
  • Pokorny, Lukas - Winter, Franz. “East Asian New Religious Movements: Introductory Remarks”. Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements. ed. Lukas Pokorny - Franz Winter. 3-13. Boston: Brill, 2018.
  • Ralph, Smith. Viet-Nam and the West. The United States of America: Cornell University Press, 1968.
  • Setudeh-Nejad, S. “The Cham Muslims of Southeast Asia: A Historical Note”. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 22/2 (Ekim 2002), 451-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360200022000027393
  • Smith, Ronald Bishop. “An Introduction to Caodaism I. Origins and Early History”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33/2 (1970), 335-349.
  • Şenavcu, Halil İbrahim. “Japon Yeni Dini Hareketlerinde Halk Hekimliği: Sekai Kyusei Kyo Örneği”. Mizanü’l-Hak: İslami İlimler Dergisi 13 (2021), 195-219.
  • Tran, My-Van. “Vietnam’s Caodaism, Independence, and Peace: The Life and Work of Pham Cong Tac (1890-1959)”. Program for Southeast Asian Area Studies, Academia Sinica 38 (2000), 1-28.
  • Tràng, T.P. T.V. The Teachings of the Great Way. çev. H. T. H. Bui - C. H. D. Bui. USA: The Representative Organization of the Caodai Overseas, 2015.
  • Trinh, Túy Ngoc. A Brief Introduction to Caodaism. Oakbridge Dr. San Jose: Lay Dignitaries Caodai International, 2014.
  • Tucker, Spencer C. Vietnam. London: UCL Press, 1999.
  • Woods, Shelton L. Vietnam: A Global Studies Handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC CLIO, 2002.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies in Eastern Religious Traditions
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Murat Kaya 0000-0001-6729-278X

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date March 5, 2024
Acceptance Date April 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

ISNAD Kaya, Murat. “Vietnam Yeni Dinî Hareketi: Kaodaizm”. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi 11/1 (June 2024), 73-93. https://doi.org/10.33718/tid.1446968.

Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.