Termination of Little Ice Age in Northeastern Anatolia: A Multi-proxy Paleolimnology Study of Lake Aygır Sediments, (Kars, NE Anatolia)

Year 2022, , 149 - 158, 15.04.2022

Ahmet Evren Erginal , Nurettin Yakupoğlu Çağlar Çakır , Abdullah Akbaş , Serkan Kükrer

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1033421

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Sedimentary, geochemical and stable isotope analyses of a sediment core (core AY) recovered from Lake Aygır (NE Anatolia) provide evidence of the climatic shifts during the last ~500 yrs. Sediments in Lake Aygırare composed of silty clay with a modeled ~0.16 cm/yr sedimentation rate. Multi-proxy analyses of the downcore distribution of detritally-deposited proxy elements, total calcium carbonate, organic carbon and stable isotopes reveal climatic records of the Industrial Epoch (IE; 18th-19th centuries) and the termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA; AD 1350 to 1850), represented by fluctuating Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Ca, Sr and relatively low detrital precursors (Fe, Ti, K, Rb, Zr), indicating low chemical weathering and dry conditions. The upper part of the core (192 cal yrs BP to present), identified with high detrital input, contains an increasing trend of Fe, Ti, K, Rb, and Zr together with high δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values, indicating warmer conditions during the IE.

Keywords

Sediment coring, Stable isotope, Lake Aygır, NE Anatolia, Paleoclimate.

Supporting Institution

Ardahan University

Project Number

2015–12

Thanks

This study was funded by the Research Foundation of Ardahan University (project number: 2015–12). We warmly thank Mr. Graham H. Lee for checking and proofreading the English in the earlier version of the paper.

Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da Küçük Buzul Çağı’nın Sonu: Aygır Gölü Sedimanlarının Çoklu Proksi Paleo-Limnolojik İncelemesi (Kars, KD Anadolu)

Abstract

Aygır Gölü’nden (KD Anadolu) alınan sediman karotunun (AY karotu) sedimantolojik, jeokimyasal ve duraylı izotop analizleri son ~500 yıldaki iklim değişikliklerin kanıtlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Siltli kilden oluşan Aygır Gölü sedimanlarının modellenen sedimantasyon hızı ~0,16 cm/yıldır. Detritik olarak çökelmiş proksi elementlerin tabandan yüzeye dağılımına göre yapılan çoklu proksi analizlerine göre, toplam kalsiyum karbonat, organik karbon ve duraylı izotop verileri Küçük Buzul Çağı’ndan (KBÇ; 1350-1850 MS) Endüstriyel Dönem’e (ED, 18-19 yy) geçişi temsil eder ve bu dönem düşük ayrışma hızı ve kurak koşulları açıklayacak şekilde toplam organik karbon, Ca, Sr değerlerindeki düşüşle temsil edilir. Karotun üst kısımları ise (192 yıl öncesinden günümüze) kırıntılardaki artış ve yüksek Fe, Ti, K, Rb ve Zr konsantrasyonları yanı sıra yüksek δ¹⁸O ve δ¹³C değerleri ile temsil edilir ve Endüstri Çağı’nın sıcak koşullarını açıklar.

Keywords

Aygır Gölü, Duraylı izotop, Kuzeydoğu Anadolu, Paleoiklim, Sediman karotu

Project Number

2015–12

References

• Akçer-Ön S. (2011). Küçükçekmece Lagünü, Yeniçağa, Uludağ Buzul ve Bafa Gölleri’nin (Batı Türkiye) Geç Holosen’deki İklim Kayıtları: Avrupa ve Orta Doğu İklim Kayıtları ile Karşılaştırılması [Unpublished PhD thesis]. İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Aktimur H. T., Tekirli, M.E., Yurdakul, M. E., Ürgün, B. M. ve Ercan, T. (1992). 1/100 000 Ölçekli Açınsama Nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Serisi No: 40 Kars-D36 Paftası. Ankara, Turkey: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü.
• Anonymous (2017). 13th Regional Directorate of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. Available at: http://bolge13.ormansu.gov.tr/13bolge (accessed April 6, 2017).
• Atalay, İ. (1994). Türkiye Vejetasyon Coğrafyası. Bornova, İzmir: E.Ü. Basımevi.
• Blaauw, M. (2010). Methods and code for ‘classical’ age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary Geochronology, 5, 512-518.
• Çağatay M. N., Eriş, K. K., Makaroğlu, Ö., Yakupoğlu, N., Henry, P., Leroy, S. A. G. Uçarkuş, G.,
• Sakınç, M., Yalamaz, B., Bozyiğit, C. & Kende, J. (2019). The Sea of Marmara during Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 6. Quaternary Science Reviews, 220, 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.031
• Çağatay, M. N., Öğretmen, N., Damcı, E., Stockhecke, M., Sancar, Ü., Eriş, K. K. & Özeren, S. (2014). Lake level and climate records of the last 90 ka from the Northern Basin of Lake Van, eastern Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews 104, 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.027
• Cronin, T. M., De Martino, D. M., Dwyer, G. S. & Rodriguez-Lazaro, J. (1999). Deep-sea ostracode species diversity: response to late Quaternary climate change. Marine Micropaleontology, 37(3-4), 231-249.
• Danladi, I. B. & Akçer-Ön, S. (2018). Solar forcing and climate variability during the past millennium as recorded in a high-altitude lake: Lake Salda (SW Anatolia). Quaternary International, 486: 185-198.
• Deveciler, E., Altun, İ., Canpolat, M., Karabalık, N., Keskin, H. et al. (1990). Göle Dolayı’nın (Kars İli) Jeolojisi (Rapor No: 9040). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü.
• Eastwood, W. J., Leng, M.J., Roberts, N. & Davis, B. (2007). Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: a comparison of stable isotope and pollen data from Lake Gölhisar, southwest Turkey. Journal of Quaternary Science, 22(4), 327-341. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1062
• England, A., Eastwood, W. J., Roberts, C. N., Turner, R. & Haldon, J. F. (2008). Historical landscape change in Cappadocia (central Turkey): a palaeoecological investigation of annually laminated sediments from Nar lake. The Holocene, 18(8), 1229-1245.
• Erginal, A. E., Cagatay, M. N., Selim, H. H., Karabiyikoglu, M., Çakır, Ç., Yakupoğlu, N., Acar D., Akbaş, A. & Kaya, H. (2019). Multi-Proxy Sedimentary Records of Dry-Wet Climate Cycles During the Last 2 Ka from Lake Çıldır, East Anatolian Plateau, Turkey. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 42(1), 61-70. https://doi. org/10.4461/GFDQ.2019.42.5
• Eriş, K. K. (2013). Late Pleistocene–Holocene sedimentary records of climate and lake-level changes in Lake Hazar, eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Quaternary International, 302, 123-134.
• Eriş, K. K., Akçer-Ön S., Çağatay, M. N., Ülgen, U. B., Ön, Z. B., et al. (2018). Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution of Lake Hazar, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Quaternary International 486, 4-16.
• Fairchild, I. J., Smith, C. L., Baker, A., Fuller, L., Spötl, C., Mattey, D., McDermott, F. & E.I.M.F. (2006). Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems. Earth-Science Reviews 75(1-4), 105-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.08.003
• Gąsiorowski, M. & Sienkiewicz, E. (2010). 20th century acidification and warming as recorded in two alpine lakes in the Tatra Mountains (South Poland, Europe). Science of the Total Environment, 408(5), 1091-1101.
• Gaudette, H. E., Flight, W. R., Toner, L. & Folger, D. W. (1974). An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Research 44(1), 249-253.
• Göktürk, O. M., Fleitmann, D., Badertscher, S.,Cheng, H., Edwards. R. L. et al. (2011). Climate on the southern Black Sea coast during the Holocene: implications from the Sofular Cave record. Quaternary Science Reviews 30(19-20), 2433-2445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.007
• Jones, M. D. & Roberts, C. N (2008). Interpreting lake isotope records of Holocene environmental change in the Eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary international 181(1), 32-38.
• Jones, M. D., Roberts, C. N., Leng, M. J. & Türkeş, M. (2006). A high-resolution late Holocene lake isotope record from Turkey and links to North Atlantic and monsoon climate. Geology 34(5), 361-364.
• Kadioğlu, M., Şen, Z. & Batur, E. (1997). The greatest soda-water lake in the world and how it is influenced by climatic change. Annales Geophysicae 15(11),1489-1497.
• Kükrer, S. (2018). Vertical and horizontal distribution, source identification, ecological and toxic risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Lake Aygır, Kars, Turkey. Environmental Forensics 19(2), 122-133.
• Kuniholm, P. I. (1990). Archaeological evidence and non-evidence for climatic change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 330(1615), 645-655.
• Kuzucuoğlu, C., Dörfler, W. & Kunesch, S. (2011). Mid- to Late-Holocene Climate Change in Central Turkey: The Tecer Lake Record. The Holocene 21(1), 173–188.
• Le Treut, H., Cubasch, U. & Allen, M. (2007). Historical overview of climate change science. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, et al. (Eds), Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK/New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Leng, M. J. & Marshall, J. D. (2004). Palaeoclimate interpretation of stable isotope data from lake sediment archives. Quaternary Science Reviews 23(7-8): 811-831.
• Leroy, S.A., Schwab, M. J. & Costa PJ (2010). Seismic influence on the last 1500-year infill history of Lake Sapanca (North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey). Tectonophysics 486(1-4), 15-27.
• Litt, T., Pickarski, N., Heumann, G., Stockhecke, M. & Tzedakis, P.C. (2014). A 600,000 year long continental pollen record from Lake Van, eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Quaternary Science Reviews 104, 30-41.
• McDermott, F. (2004). Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems: a review. Quaternary Science Reviews 23(7-8), 901-918.
• Ocakoğlu, F., Dönmez, E. O., Akbulut, A., Tunoğlu, C., Kır, O et al. (2016). A 2800-year multi-proxy sedimentary record of climate change from Lake Çubuk (Göynük, Bolu, NW Anatolia). The Holocene 26(2), 205-221.
• Ocakoğlu, F., Kır, O., Yılmaz, İ.Ö., Açıkalın, S., Erayık, C. et al. (2013). Early to Mid-Holocene lake level and temperature records from the terraces of Lake Sünnet in NW Turkey. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 369, 175-184.
• Ogilvie, A. E. J. & Jónsson, T. (2001). “Little Ice Age” Research: A Perspective from Iceland. Climatic Change, 48(1), 9-52.
• Roberts, N., Moreno, A., Valero-Garcés, B. L., Corella, J. P., Jones, M. et al. (2012). Palaeolimnological evidence for an east–west climate see-saw in the Mediterranean since AD 900. Global and Planetary Change 84, 23-34.
• Roberts, N., Reed, J. M., Leng, M. J., Kuzucuoğlu, C., Fontugne, M., et al. (2001). The tempo of Holocene climatic change in the eastern Mediterranean region: new high-resolution crater-lake sediment data from central Turkey. The Holocene 11(6), 721-736.
• Roeser, P.A., Franz, S. O., Litt, T., Ülgen, U. B., Hilgers, A., et al. (2012). Lithostratigraphic and geochronological framework for the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the last ∼ 36 ka cal BP from a sediment record from Lake Iznik (NW Turkey). Quaternary International 274, 73-87.
• Rolland, Y. (2017). Caucasus collisional history: Review of data from East Anatolia to West Iran. Gondwana Research 49,130–146.
• Sheth, H., Meliksetian, K., Gevorgyan, H., Israyelyan,A., Navasardyan, G. (2015). Intracanyon basalt lavas of the Debed River (northern Armenia), part of a Pliocene–Pleistocene continental flood basalt province in the South Caucasus. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 295, 1-15. Stuiver, M., Reimer, P. J. (1993). Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35(1): 215-230.
• Touchan R, Akkemik Ü, Hughes M.K, Erkan N. (2007). May–June precipitation reconstruction of southwestern Anatolia, Turkey during the last 900 years from tree rings. Quaternary Research 68(2): 196-202.
• Tudryn, A., Tucholka, P., Özgür, N., Gibert, E., Elitok, O., et al. (2013). A 2300-year record of environmental change from SW Anatolia, Lake Burdur, Turkey. Journal of Paleolimnology 49(4): 647-662.
• Ülgen, U.B., Franz, S. O., Biltekin, D., Çagatay, M. N., Roeser, P. A., et al. (2012). Climatic and environmental evolution of Lake Iznik (NW Turkey) over the last ∼4700 years. Quaternary International 274, 88-101.
• Wang, L. C., Behling, H., Lee, T. Q., Li, H. C., Huh, C. A., Shiau, L. J., Chen, S. H. & Wu, J. T. (2013). Increased precipitation during the Little Ice Age in northern Taiwan inferred from diatoms and geochemistry in a sediment core from a subalpine lake. Journal of Paleolimnology, 49(4), 619-631.
• White, S. (2011). The climate of rebellion in the early modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.