The Biruni Fault of the Anatolian Diagonal: Morphological, Seismological and Seismic Reflection Data and Implications for the Neotectonic Framework of the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract

The Anatolian Diagonal is a prominent left-lateral shear zone that plays a key role in the neotectonic framework of Türkiye, spanning 170 km between the Central Anatolian and East Anatolian fault zones and extending approximately 850 km from Erzincan to the Cyprus Arc. Its southwestern onshore termination is represented by the Ecemiş-Deliler Fault, while its offshore continuation, the Biruni Fault, trends toward the Cyprus Arc. This study aims to characterise the southwestern end of the Ecemiş-Deliler Fault through geomorphic markers, and to identify the Biruni Fault using key offshore seismic reflection profiles and geological cross-sections provided by Turkish Petroleum. Focal mechanism solutions for offshore seismic events are also examined to assess fault kinematics. Based on onshore observations, a left-lateral offset of 18 km along the Göksu River indicates a long-term slip rate of approximately 2.25 mm/year at the southwestern end of the Ecemiş-Deliler Fault. Offshore, detailed definition and mapping of the Biruni Fault revealed that it comprises a zone of closely spaced, parallel strike-slip segments in its northeastern sector, transitioning into a single linear fault trace that extends south westward toward the Aegean Arc. Despite its clear morphological expression, the southwest end of Ecemiş-Deliler fault and the Biruni Fault of the Anatolian Diagonal have low seismic activity, likely because most regional deformation is accommodated further west along the Antalya-Kekova Fault Zone and the Ptolemy–Pliny–Strabo Fault Zone. The restraining stepovers of the Antalya Thrust and Fethiye Thrust between these structures provide new insight into a slip partitioning in the eastern Mediterranean.

Keywords

• Anatolian Diagonal
• Biruni Fault
• Eastern Mediterranean
• Ecemiş-Deliler Fault Zone
• morphotectonics
• neotectonics

Anadolu Çaprazı’na ait Biruni Fayı: Morfolojik, Sismolojik ve Sismik Yansıma Verileri ile Doğu Akdeniz'in Neotektonik Çerçevesi Üzerindeki Etkileri / The Biruni Fault of the Anatolian Diagonal: Morphological, Seismological and Seismic Reflection Data and Implications for the Neotectonic Framework of the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract

Anadolu Çaprazı, Türkiye'nin neotektonik yapısında önemli bir rol oynayan, Orta Anadolu ve Doğu Anadolu fay zonları arasında 170 km ve Erzincan'dan Kıbrıs Yayına kadar yaklaşık 850 km uzanan belirgin bir sol yanal makaslama zonudur. Güneybatıda karadaki ucu Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı ile temsil edilirken, açık denizdeki devamı olan Biruni Fayı, Kıbrıs Yayına doğru yönelmektedir. Bu çalışma, Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı'nın güneybatı ucunu jeomorfolojik belirteçler aracılığıyla karakterize etmeyi ve Türkiye Petrolleri tarafından sağlanan önemli açık deniz sismik yansıma profilleri ve jeolojik kesitler kullanarak Biruni Fayı'nı tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, fay kinematiğini değerlendirmek için açık deniz sismik olaylarının odak mekanizması çözümleri de incelenmiştir. Kara gözlemlerine göre, Göksu Nehri boyunca 18 km'lik sol yanal ötelenme, Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı'nın güneybatı ucunda yılda yaklaşık 2,25 mm'lik uzun vadeli bir kayma hızına işaret etmektedir. Açık denizde, Biruni Fayı'nın ayrıntılı bir şekilde tanımlanması ve haritalaması ile fayın kuzeydoğu kesiminde birbirine yakın, paralel doğrultu atımlı segmentlerden oluşan bir zondan oluştuğunu ve güneybatıya, Ege Yayına doğru uzanan tek bir doğrusal fay izine dönüştüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Açık morfolojik ifadesine rağmen, Anadolu Çaprazı’ndaki Ecemiş-Deliler Fayı’nın güneybatı ucu ile Biruni Fayı düşük sismik aktivite göstermektedir. Bunun nedeni, bölgesel deformasyonun çoğunun daha batıdaki Antalya-Kekova Fay Zonu ve Ptolemy-Plinius-Strabo Fay Zonu boyunca karşılanması olabilir. Bu yapılar arasında gelişen Antalya Bindirmesi ve Fethiye Bindirmesi, doğu Akdeniz'deki kayma bölümlenmesine yeni bir bakış açısı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Anadolu Çaprazı
• Biruni Fayı
• Doğu Akdeniz
• Ecemiş-Deliler Fay Zonu
• morfotektonik
• neotektonik

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