Geç Triyas Yaşlı Çakrazboz Formasyonu’nda Fasiyes Evrimi ve İklimsel Döngülere Bağlı Göl Tipi Değişkenliği, Batı Pontidler, Türkiye / Facies Evolution and Lake-Type Variability Related to Climatic Cycles in the Late Triassic Çakrazboz Formation, Western Pontides, Türkiye

Abstract

Çakrazboz Formasyonu, Türkiye’de bilinen tek Triyas yaşlı kıtasal tortul istif olarak Batı Pontidler’in (Kuzeybatı Türkiye) Amasra–Kastamonu yöresinde yüzeylenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, altı stratigrafik kesitten elde edilen sedimantolojik, petrografik ve stratigrafik veriler birleştirilerek depolanma ortamları yeniden yapılandırılmış ve paleoiklimsel kontrol mekanizmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Saha ve ince kesit analizleri, üç ana litofasiyes grubundan oluşan karmaşık bir fasiyes mozaiğini ortaya koymaktadır: göl, bataklık (palustrin) ve akarsu (flüviyal). Gölsel istifler, çamurtaşı (mikrit), vaketaşı ve tanetaşı gibi karbonatça zengin fasiyeslerden oluşmakta ve düşük enerjili derin göl-sublitoral (profundal–sublittoral) ortamlara işaret etmektedir. Palustrin fasiyesler, göl kenarı ortamlarında yaygın olup pedojenik alterasyon, fenestral dokular, kök izleri ve kuruma çatlakları ile karakterizedir; Bozköy ve Başköy-1 kesitlerinde bu özellikler daha belirgin şekilde gelişmiştir. Başköy-2 ve Başköy-3 kesitleri, yukarıya doğru incelen kumtaşı-çamurtaşı ardalanmaları ve pedojeneze uğramış çamurtaşlarından oluşan menderesli akarsu sistemlerine ait nokta bar istiflerini içerir ve bu istifler, gölün aşırı dolduğu (overfilled) evrelerde çökelmiştir. Stratigrafik ve sedimantolojik veriler, havzanın tekrar eden şekilde yetersiz dolu (underfilled), dengeli dolu (balanced-fill) ve aşırı dolu (overfilled) göl evreleri arasında geçtiğini göstermektedir. Çakrazboz ve alt İncigez kesitlerindeki karbonatça zengin istifler, yetersiz dolu evrelere özgü düşük enerjili profundal göl koşullarını temsil eder. Üst İncigez ve Başköy-1 kesitleri, üste doğru incelen transgresif istiflerin progradasyonlu litoral fasiyeslerle örtülmesiyle karakterize olan dengeli dolu koşulları yansıtır. Aşırı dolu koşullar, Bozköy ve Başköy-1’in üst seviyelerinde yer yer görülür ve bunlar, sürekli tatlı su girişiyle ilişkili yanal olarak genişleyen, üste doğru kalınlaşan ve tane boyu artan istiflerle tanımlanır. Dikey fasiyes geçişleri, istiflenme desenleri ve diyajenez izleri, yarı nemli ile yarı kurak iklim rejimleri altında yörüngesel zorlamalı göl seviyesi değişimlerini yansıtarak Geç Triyas kıtasal havza evrimi, fasiyes mimarisi ve iklim kontrollü sedimantasyon hakkında daha geniş bir anlayış sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Fasiyes evrimi
• Göl tipi değişkenliği
• Yörüngesel döngüler
• Çakrazboz Formasyonu
• Batı Pontidler
• paleoiklim

Facies Evolution and Lake-Type Variability Related to Climatic Cycles in the Late Triassic Çakrazboz Formation, Western Pontides, Türkiye

Abstract

The Çakrazboz Formation, located in the Amasra–Kastamonu region of the Western Pontides (NW Türkiye), represents the only known Triassic continental sedimentary succession in Türkiye. This study integrates sedimentological, petrographic, and stratigraphic data from six measured sections to reconstruct depositional environments and evaluate paleoclimatic controls. Field and thin-section analyses reveal a complex facies mosaic comprising three major lithofacies groups: lacustrine, palustrine, and fluvial. Lacustrine facies are represented by carbonate-rich successions, including micrite, wackestone, and packstone, indicating low-energy profundal to sublittoral settings. Palustrine facies, occurring predominantly in marginal lake environments, are characterized by pedogenic overprinting, fenestral fabrics, root traces, and desiccation features, with the Bozköy and Başköy-1 sections showing more pronounced development of these features. Başköy-2 and Başköy-3 exhibit fluvial point-bar deposits with upward-fining successions and pedogenically modified mudstones, representing meandering river systems deposited during overfilled lake stages. Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence indicates that the basin experienced repeated shifts between underfilled, balanced-fill, and overfilled lake stages. Carbonate-rich successions in the Çakrazboz and lower İncigez sections represent low-energy profundal lacustrine conditions typical of underfilled stages. The upper İncigez and Başköy-1 sections preserve features of balanced-fill conditions, with fining-upward transgressive intervals overlain by progradational littoral facies. Overfilled conditions are locally recorded in Bozköy and in the upper parts of Başköy-1, as evidenced by laterally extensive successions that thicken and coarsen upward, reflecting sustained freshwater inflow. These vertical facies transitions, stacking patterns, and diagenetic overprints are indicative of orbitally forced lake-level fluctuations under subhumid to semi-arid climate regimes, contributing to a broader understanding of Late Triassic continental basin evolution, facies architecture, and climate-controlled sedimentation.

Keywords

• Facies evolution
• Lake-type variability
• Orbital cycles
• Çakrazboz Formation
• Paleoclimate
• Western Pontides

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