Çöpler (Erzincan, İç-Doğu Anadolu) Porfiri-Epitermal Altın Yatağında Arjilik Alterasyona İlişkin Mineralojik Kanıtlar

Year 2018, , 335 - 358, 12.09.2018

Ömer Bozkaya Gülcan Bozkaya Nurullah Hanilçi A. Samed Güven David A. Banks İ. Tonguç Uysal

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.468148

Abstract

Çöpler porfiri-epitermal altın yatağı, Tetis Alpin-Himalaya orojenik kuşağında açılmalı tektonizma sonucu gelişen orta Eosen yaşlı plütonik sokulumlarla ilişkili bir altın yatağıdır. Plütonik kayaçlar (granodiyorit porfir, diyorit porfir) Geç Paleozoyik-Mesozoyik yaşlı metapelit ve metakarbonat kayaçlar içerisine sokulum yaparak porfiri-epitermal bir Cu-Au yatağı oluşturmuş ve hidrotermal alterasyon zonlarının (potasik, fillik, propilitik, arjilik) gelişimine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, önceki araştırmacılarca yerel ve sınırlı alanda geliştiği belirtilen süperjen alterasyonun aksine, geniş yayılım sunan arjilik alterasyon zonlarının mineralojik-petrografik özelliklerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, optik ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM ve SEM-EDS), X-ışınları kırınımı (XRD), O-H izotop jeokimyası ve K/Ar yaş tayini incelemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aşırı killeşmiş granodiyorit porfirlerde bile, ilksel porfiritik doku izlenebilmekte, ince-kristalli kil ve kuvarslar homojen ve yer yer mikrolaminasyonlar şeklinde gözlenmektedir. Simektit ve karışık-tabakalı illit-simektit (I-S) mineralleri yapraksıtüysü, illit ve kaolinitler levhamsı biçimler sergilemektedir. Kuvars ve jarositler özşekilli kristaller, kristobalitler kurtçuk görünümlü, bu çalışmada ilk kez belirlenen krandallitler ise ince-taneli granüler topluluklar şeklinde gözlenmektedir. Arjilik zona ait örnekler fillik zona yakın iç kesimlerde (ileri arjilik zon) kuvars + I-S, kuvars + krandallit + jarosit ve kristobalit, dış kesimlerde (arjilik zon) ise kuvars + simektit + kaolinit birliktelikleri sergilemektedir. Simektitler dioktahedral bileşime sahiptir (d₀₆₀<1.500 Å, oktahedral Al=1.47-1.66). I-S mineralleri yüksek illit bileşenli (I₈₅-S₁₅) ve R3 tipi ara tabakalanmaya sahip olup, oktahedral Al ve yapraklar arası K içerikleri sırasıyla 1.66-1.71 ve 0.58-0.75 arasında değişmektedir. I-S’lerin O-H izotop bileşimi, düşük sıcaklık koşullarında ve magmatik suyun baskın olduğu bir oluşumu işaret etmektedir. Jarosit içeren örneğin K/Ar yaş verisi (43.6 ± 1.0 My), arjilik alterasyonun plütonik sokulum sırasında veya hemen sonrasında (<1 My) başladığına işaret etmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, Çöpler porfiriepitermal altın yatağında geniş yayılım sunan, düşük sıcaklık (<200 ºC) ve asidik koşullarda gelişmiş, alüminyum fosfat ve demir sülfat minerallerinin de geliştiği bir arjilik alterasyonun varlığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Alterasyon, İç-Doğu Anadolu, Porfiri altın yatağı, Mineraloji, Petrografi

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