Palu (Elazığ) Civarında Yüzeylenen Bitlis Masifi Üst Triyas Karbonatlarının Foraminifer Biyostratigrafisi, Mikrofasiyes Analizleri ve Çökelim Ortamları

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Elazığ il sınırları içinde Çakmakkaya köyü (Palu, Elazığ) civarında yüzeylenen Bitlis masifi örtü birimleri içerisinde yeralan Üst Triyas karbonatlı kayaçların mikrofasiyes özelliklerinin ve foraminifer içeriklerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Ölçülen kesit boyunca kireçtaşlarından Triyas’ı karakterize eden stratigrafik dağılımları açısından büyük öneme sahip olan foraminifer türleri tayin edilmiştir. İstif içerisinde kaydedilen Triasina hantkeni Geç Triyas için kılavuz fosil olarak kabul edilmektedir. Klavuz fosile örneklerde, Aulotortus sinuosus, Aulotortus friedli, Involutina sp., Galeanella? sp., Duostomina sp., Glomospira sp., Glomospirella sp., Duotaxis birmanica, Siphovalvulina sp., ve Reophax sp. foraminifer topluluğu eşlik etmektedir. Bu türlere dayanılarak geç Noriyen-Resiyen yaşını veren Triasina hantkeni zonu tanımlanmıştır. Foraminifer türlerinin yanı sıra kesit içerisinde megalodontidler, algler, gastropod ve mercan fosilleri de bulunmaktadır. Bölgede yayılım gösteren bu karbonatların çökelim ortamlarını belirleyebilmek için gerçekleştirilen mikrofasiyes çalışmaları sonucunda; çamurtaşı, vaketaşı-istiftaşı ve pelletli biyoklastlı istiftaşı-tanetaşı olmak üzere 3 mikrofasiyes tipi belirlenmiştir. Mikrofasiyes tipleri, çökelimin lagün ve sığ denizel ortamda gerçekleştiğini işaret etmektedir. 

Keywords

• Bitlis masifi
• foraminifer
• geç Triyas
• mikrofasiyes
• Palu

Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Microfacies Analysis and Depositional Environments of Upper Triassic Carbonates of Bitlis Massif, Palu (Elazığ)

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the foraminiferal content and microfacies properties of the the Upper Triassic carbonates, cover units of the Bitlis massif exposed in the vicinity of the Çakmakkaya village (Palu, Elazığ). Stratigraphically significant foraminiferal species characterizing Triassic have been recorded throughout the measured section. Triasina hantkeni, the most common taxa documented in the studied sequence, is considered as a zonal marker for Late Triassic. Besides the zonal marker species, the section includes Aulotortus sinuosus, Aulotortus friedli, Involutina sp., Galeanella? sp., Duostomina sp., Glomospira sp., Glomospirella sp., Duotaxis birmanica, Siphovalvulina sp., and Reophax sp. foraminiferal assemblages. On the basis of the determined foraminiferal taxa, Triasina hantkeni zone is defined within the studied succession and a late Norian-Rhaetian age is attributed. In addition to foraminiferal assemblages, megalodontids, algae, gastrapods and corals are also present within the limestone units. Three facies types, mudstone, wackestone-packstone, pelloidal bioclastic packstone-grainstone, were described based on microfacies studies to determine the depositional environments of the Upper Triassic carbonates exposed in the region. The described microfacies types suggest that the depositional environment was a lagoon and shallow marine platform environments. 

Keywords

• Bitlis Massif
• foraminifera
• late Triassic
• microfacies
• Palu

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