Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge

Year 2020, Volume: 63 Issue: 2, 145 - 160, 05.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.623535

Abstract

The Reşadiye (Tokat) geothermal field is located in the northern part of the right-lateral North Anatolian Fault Zone. Geothermal waters at temperatures between 48-52°C from this geothermal field are currently used mostly in hotels, pools and bathrooms and provide significant tourism potential for the region. The area where the geothermal sites are located includes a ~NW-SE trending fissure-ridge type travertine with a length of about 600 meters. Approximately 500 meters south of the geothermal field and parallel to the Kelkit River, the active segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone comprises the Kelkit Valley fault segment extending N72°W. The average strike direction of Reşadiye fissure-ridge type travertine is around N33°W. There is an angle of 39° between the master trend of NAFZ and the direction of the Reşadiye fissure-ridge travertine. This 39° angle between the extensional cracks in the fissure-ridge travertine and the NAFZ is compatible with extensional fractures developing in well-formed strike-slip faults at an angle of ~45° with the master fault. U/Th determination of two samples from banded travertines from the travertine deposits yielded ages of 7,563 and 12,529 years. Combined with other evidence, the samples indicate an opening rate of 0.093 mm/year for the Reşadiye geothermal travertine field.

Supporting Institution

Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Fund

Project Number

M-497

Thanks

This study was supported by Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research Fund with project M-497.

References

  • Akpınar, Z., Gürsoy, H., Tatar, O., Büyüksaraç, A., Koçbulut, F. and Piper, J.D.A., 2016. Geophysical analysis of fault geometry and volcanic activity in the Erzincan Basin, Central Turkey: Complex evolution of a mature pull-apart basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 116, 97-114.
  • Altunel, E., 1994. Active tectonics and the evolution of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, Western Turkey. Bristol University, UK, PhD Thesis, 236p (unpublished).
  • Altunel, E., 1996. Pamukkale Travertenlerinin Morfolojik Özellikleri, Yaşları ve Neotektonik Önemleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 118, 47-64.
  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1993a. Morphological features and tectonic setting of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Geological Journal, 28, 335-346.
  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1993b. Active fissuring and faulting in Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Zeitschrift Geomorphologie Supplementary, 94, 285- 302.
  • Altunel, E. and Karabacak, V. 2005. Determination of horizontal extension from fissure-ridge travertines: a case study from the Denizli Basin, Southwestern Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 18, 333–342.
  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1996. Structural attributes of travertine filled extensional fissures in the Pamukkale plateau, western Turkey. International Geology Review 38, 768-777.
  • Ambraseys, N.N., and Finkel, C.F ., 1995. The Seismicity of Turkey and Adjacent Areas: A Historical Review, 1500–1800. Eren Publishing House, İstanbul, 240 p.
  • Barka, A.A., 1996. Slip distribution along the North Anatolian fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939- to 1967. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86 (5), 1238-1254.
  • Benjelloun, Y., de Sigoyer, J., Dessales, H., Garambois, S. and Şahin, M., 2018. Construction history of the aqueduct of Nicaea (Iznik, NW Turkey) and its on-fault deformation viewed from archaeological and geophysical investigations. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21, 389–400.
  • Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Alçiçek, M.C. and Gandin, A., 2014. Evolution of a fault- controlled fissure-ridge type travertine deposit in the western Anatolia extensional province: the Çukurbağ fissure-ridge (Pamukkale, Turkey). Journal of the Geological Society, 171, 425-441.
  • Brogi, A., Alçiçek, M.C., Yalçıner, C.Ç., Capezzuoli, E., Liotta, D., Meccheri, M., Rimondi, V., Ruggieri, G., Gandin, A., Boschi, C., Büyüksaraç, A., Alçiçek, H., Bülbül, A., Baykara, M.O. and Shen, C.C., 2016. Hydrothermal fluids circulation and travertine deposition in an active tectonic setting: insights from the Kamara geothermal area (western Anatolia, Turkey). Tectonophysics, 680, 211-232.
  • Brogi, A. and Capezzuoli, E., 2009. Travertine deposition and faulting: the fault- related travertine fissure ridge at Terme S. Giovanni, Rapolano Terme (Italy). International Journal of Earth Science (Geologische Rundschau), 98 (4), 931-947.
  • Chafetz, H.S. and Folk, R.L., 1984. Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 54 (1), 289-316. Çakır, Z., 1998. Along-strike discontinuity of active normal faults and its influence on Quaternary travertine deposition: examples from Western Turkey, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 8, 67-80.
  • Çolak, E.S., Özkul, M., Aksoy, E., Kele, S. and Ghaleb, B., 2015. Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: Structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 27 (2-3), 154-173.
  • De Filippis, L. and Billi, A. (2012). Morphotectonics of fissure ridge travertines from geothermal areas of Mammoth Hot Springs (Wyoming) and Bridgeport (California). Tectonophysics, 548–549, 34–48.
  • Demirtaş, R., 2000. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Abant ve Gerede Arasında Kalan Bölümünün Neotektonik Özellikleri ve Paleosismisitesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Doktora Tezi, 191 s.
  • Eikenberg, J., Vezzu, G., Zumsteg, I., Bajo, S., Ruethi, M. and Wyssling, G., 2001. Precise two chronometer dating of Pleistocene travertine: The 230Th/234U and 226Raex/226Ra(0) approach. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20 (18), 1935-1953.
  • Engin, B., Güven, O. and Köksal, F., 1999a. Electron spin resonance age determination of a travertine sample from the southwestern part of Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 51 (6), 689-699.
  • Engin, B., Güven, O. and Köksal, F., 1999b. Thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance properties of some travertines from Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 51 (6), 729-746.
  • Grün, R., 1989. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Quaternary International, 1, 65-109.
  • Gürsoy, H., Tatar, O., Akpınar, Z., Polat, A., Mesci, B.L. and Tuncer, D., 2013. New observations on the 1939 Erzincan Earthquake surface rupture on the Kelkit Valley segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey Journal of Geodynamics, 65, 259-271.
  • Hakyemez, Y.H. and Papak, İ., 2002. 1/500000 Ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası, Samsun Paftası. Editör: Mustafa Şenel. Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara. Hancock, P.L., Chalmers, R.M.L., Altunel, E. and Çakır, Z., 1999. Travitonics: Using Travertines in Active Fault Studies. Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 903-916.
  • Heimann, A. and Sass, E., 1989. Travertines in the northern Hulla Valley, Israel. Sedimentology, 36, 95-108.
  • Herece, E. and Akay, E., 2003. Atlas of North Anatolian Fault (NAF). General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Special Publication series-2, Ankara, 61 p+13 appendices as separate maps.
  • Karabacak, V., Uysal, T., Mutlu, H., İmer, E.Ü., Dirik, K., Feng, Y., Akıska, S., Aydoğdu, İ. and Zhao, J., 2019. Are U-Th dates correlated with historical records of earthquakes? Constraints from co-seismic carbonate veins within the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Tectonics 38 (7), 2431-2448.
  • Ludwig, K.R. and Paces, J.B., 2002. Uranium-Series Dating of Pedogenic Silica and Carbonate, Crater Flat, Nevada. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, (3),487–506.
  • Mallick, R. and Frank, N., 2002. A new technique for precise uranium-series dating of travertine micro-samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66 (24), 4261-4272.
  • McClusky, S., Balassanian, S., Barka, A., Demir, C., Ergintav, S., Georgiev, I., Gürkan, O., Hamburger, M., Hurst, K., Kahle, H., Kastens, K., Kekelidze, G., King, R., Kotzev, V., Lenk, O., Mahmoud, S., Mishin, A., Nadariya, M., Ouzounis, A., Paradissis, D., Peter, Y., Prilepin, M., Reilinger, R., Sanli, I., Seeger, H., Tealeb, A., Toksöz, M.N., and Veis, G., 2000. Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 5695–5719.
  • Mesci, B.L., 2004. Sıcak Çermik ve Yakın Yöresindeki (Sivas) Travertenlerin Gelişimi ve Aktif Tektonikle İlişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Doktora Tezi, 245 s (unpublished).
  • Mesci, B.L., 2012. Active Tectonics Properties and significance within Central Anatolian Neotectonic Structures of the Ortaköy Fissure Ridge Travertines. Geodinamica Acta, 25 (1-2), 12-25.
  • Mesci, B. L, Erkman, A. C., Gürsoy, H and Tatar, O., 2018. Fossil findings from the Sıcak Çermik fissure ridge type travertines and possible hominid tracks, Sivas, Central Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 30 (1), 15–30.
  • Mesci, B.L., Gürsoy H., and Tatar, O., 2008. The evolution of travertine masses in the Sivas area (central Turkey) and their relationships to active tectonics. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 7 (2), 219-240.
  • Noten, K.V., Topal, S., Baykara, M.O., Özkul, M., Claes, H., Aratman, C. and Swennen, R., 2019. Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic reconstruction of the Ballık travertine (Denizli Graben, SW Turkey): (De)formation of large travertine geobodies at intersecting grabens. Journal of Structural Geology, 118, 114-134.
  • Oral, M.B., 1994. Global Positioning System (GPS) Measurements in Turkey (1988- 1992): Kinematics of the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia Plate Collision Zone. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, PhD thesis, 344 p.
  • Polat. S., 2011. Türkiye’de Traverten Oluşumu, Yayılış Alanı ve Korunması. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 23, 389-428.
  • Pons-Branchu, E., Hillaire-Marcel C., Deschamps, P., Ghaleb B, and Sinclair, D.J., 2005. Early Diagenesis Impact On Precise U-Series Dating Of Deep-Sea Corals: Example Of A 100–200-Year Old Lophelia Pertusa Sample From The Northeast Atlantic, Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (20), 4865–4879.
  • Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Vernant, P., Lawrence, S., Ergintav, S., Cakmak, R., Ozener, H., Kadirov, F., Guliev, I., Stepanyan, Nadariya, M., Hahubia, G., Mahmoud, S., Sakr, K., ArRajehi, A., Paradissis, D., Al-Aydrus, A., Prilepin, M., Guseva, T., Evren, E., Dmitrotsa, A., Filikov, S.V., Gomez, F., Al-Ghazzi, R. and Karam, G., 2006. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111 (B05411), 1-26.
  • Riedel, W., 1929. Zur Mechanik Geologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentral-Blatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie B, 354-368.
  • Rink, W.J., Schwarcz, H.P., Lee, H.K., Valdés, V.C., Quirós, F.B. and Hoyos, M., 1997. ESR dating of Mousterian levels at El Castillo Cave, Cantabria, Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 24 (7), 593-600.
  • Semghouli, S., Choukri, A., Cherkaoui El Moursli, R., Jahjouh, E., Chouak, A., Ben Mohammadi, A., Latiris, M., Reyss J. -L. and Plaziat J. L., 2001. Th/U dating of marine and continental mollusk shell, and travertine samples in Quaternary deposits in Morocco. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 61 (3-6), 697-699.
  • Seymen, İ., 1975. Kelkit Vadisi Kesiminde Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun Tektonik Özelliği. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Maden Fakültesi, İstanbul, PhD Thesis, XIX+192 pp. +2 foldout maps.
  • Shen, C.C., Lin, K., Duan, W., Jiang, X., Partin, J.W., Edwards, R.L., Cheng, H. and Tan, M., 2013. Testing the annual nature of speleothem banding. Nature, Scientific Reports, 3, Article no: 2633 (2013).
  • Soligo, M., Tuccimei, P., Barberi, R., Delitala, M.C., Miccadei, E., and Taddeucci, A., 2002. U/Th dating of freshwater travertine from Middle Velino Vadisi (Central Italy): paleoclimatic and geological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 184 (1-2), 147-161.
  • Sturchio, N.C., Kenneth, L.P., Michael T.M. and Michael L.S., 1994. Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana. Quaternary Research, 41 (3), 265-277.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., Tüysüz, O., İmren, C., Sakınç, M., Eyidoğan, H., Görür, N., Pichon, X.L. and Rangin, C., 2005. The North Anatolian Fault: A new look. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33, 37-112.
  • Şimşek, Ş. 2003. Türkiye’de Jeotermal Enerji Potansiyeli. Mavi Gezegen, TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri. Odası Yayını, 7, 48-53.
  • Tatar, O., Poyraz, F., Gürsoy, H., Cakir, Z., Ergintav, S., Akpınar, Z., Koçbulut, F., Sezen, F., Türk, T., Hastaoğlu, K.Ö., Polat, A., Mesci, B.L., Gürsoy, Ö., Ayazlı, E., Çakmak, R., Belgen, A. and Yavaşoğlu, H., 2012. Crustal deformation and kinematics of the Eastern Part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey) from GPS measurements. Tectonophysics, 518, 55-62
  • Temiz U. and Eikenberg J., 2011. U/Th dating of the travertine deposited at transfer zone between two normal faults and their neotectonic significance: Cambazli fissure ridge travertines (the Gediz Graben-Turkey). Geodinamica Acta, 24 (2), 95-105.
  • Temiz, U., Gökten, E. and Eikenberg, J., 2013. Strike-slip deformation and U/Th dating of travertine deposition: Examples from North Anatolian Fault Zone, Bolu and Yeniçağ Basins, Turkey. Quaternary International, 312, 132–140.
  • Wilcox R.E., Harding T.P. and Seely D.R., 1973. Basic Wrench Tectonics. AAPG, 57 (1), 74-96.
  • Zabcı, C., Akyüz, H.S., Karabacak, V., Sançar. T., Altunel, E., Gürsoy, H. and Tatar, O., 2011. Palaeoearthquakes on the Kelkit Vadisi segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications for the surface rupture of the historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 20: 4, 411-427.

Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nda Traverten Çökeliminde Sıcak Su Kaynağı Olarak Görev Yapan Bir Açılma Çatlağı: Reşadiye Çatlak Sırtı

Year 2020, Volume: 63 Issue: 2, 145 - 160, 05.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.623535

Abstract

Reşadiye (Tokat) jeotermal sahası, doğrultu atımlı sağ yanal Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun kuzeyinde yer almaktadır. Bu jeotermal alanda çıkan 48-52°C sıcaklıktaki jeotermal su çoğunlukla otellerde, havuzlarda ve banyolarda kullanılmakta ve bölge için önemli turizm potansiyeli sağlamaktadır. Jeotermal sahanın bulunduğu alanda yaklaşık 600 metre uzunluğunda ~ KB-GD gidişe sahip bir çatlak sırtı tipi traverten bulunmaktadır. Jeotermal alanın yaklaşık 500 metre güneyinde ve Kelkit Nehri'ne paralel olarak K72°B doğrultuda, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu'nun aktif, Kelkit Vadisi segmenti yer almaktadır. Reşadiye çatlak sırtlı traverteninin ortalama doğrultusu K33°B'dir. Kuzey Anadolu Fayı Zonu’un ana gidişi ile Reşadiye çatlak sırt tipi travertenin ortalama doğrultusu arasında yaklaşık 39°'lik bir açı bulunmaktadır. Çatlak sırtlı traverten ve KAFZ arasındaki bu 39°'lik açı, iyi gelişmiş doğrultu atımlı faylarda ana fay ile ~45°'lik açı yapan açılma çatlaklarınn açısıyla uyumludur. Reşadiye çatlak sırtı tipi travertende bulunan bantlı travertenlerden alınan iki örneğin U/Th yaş analizleri 7.563 ve 12.529 yıllarını vermiştir. Bu sonuçlar bölgesel anlamda olmasa da Reşadiye jeotermal traverten alanı için 0,093 mm/yıl açılma hızı vermektedir.

Project Number

M-497

References

  • Akpınar, Z., Gürsoy, H., Tatar, O., Büyüksaraç, A., Koçbulut, F. and Piper, J.D.A., 2016. Geophysical analysis of fault geometry and volcanic activity in the Erzincan Basin, Central Turkey: Complex evolution of a mature pull-apart basin. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 116, 97-114.
  • Altunel, E., 1994. Active tectonics and the evolution of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, Western Turkey. Bristol University, UK, PhD Thesis, 236p (unpublished).
  • Altunel, E., 1996. Pamukkale Travertenlerinin Morfolojik Özellikleri, Yaşları ve Neotektonik Önemleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 118, 47-64.
  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1993a. Morphological features and tectonic setting of Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Geological Journal, 28, 335-346.
  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1993b. Active fissuring and faulting in Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Zeitschrift Geomorphologie Supplementary, 94, 285- 302.
  • Altunel, E. and Karabacak, V. 2005. Determination of horizontal extension from fissure-ridge travertines: a case study from the Denizli Basin, Southwestern Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 18, 333–342.
  • Altunel, E. and Hancock, P.L., 1996. Structural attributes of travertine filled extensional fissures in the Pamukkale plateau, western Turkey. International Geology Review 38, 768-777.
  • Ambraseys, N.N., and Finkel, C.F ., 1995. The Seismicity of Turkey and Adjacent Areas: A Historical Review, 1500–1800. Eren Publishing House, İstanbul, 240 p.
  • Barka, A.A., 1996. Slip distribution along the North Anatolian fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939- to 1967. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86 (5), 1238-1254.
  • Benjelloun, Y., de Sigoyer, J., Dessales, H., Garambois, S. and Şahin, M., 2018. Construction history of the aqueduct of Nicaea (Iznik, NW Turkey) and its on-fault deformation viewed from archaeological and geophysical investigations. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 21, 389–400.
  • Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Alçiçek, M.C. and Gandin, A., 2014. Evolution of a fault- controlled fissure-ridge type travertine deposit in the western Anatolia extensional province: the Çukurbağ fissure-ridge (Pamukkale, Turkey). Journal of the Geological Society, 171, 425-441.
  • Brogi, A., Alçiçek, M.C., Yalçıner, C.Ç., Capezzuoli, E., Liotta, D., Meccheri, M., Rimondi, V., Ruggieri, G., Gandin, A., Boschi, C., Büyüksaraç, A., Alçiçek, H., Bülbül, A., Baykara, M.O. and Shen, C.C., 2016. Hydrothermal fluids circulation and travertine deposition in an active tectonic setting: insights from the Kamara geothermal area (western Anatolia, Turkey). Tectonophysics, 680, 211-232.
  • Brogi, A. and Capezzuoli, E., 2009. Travertine deposition and faulting: the fault- related travertine fissure ridge at Terme S. Giovanni, Rapolano Terme (Italy). International Journal of Earth Science (Geologische Rundschau), 98 (4), 931-947.
  • Chafetz, H.S. and Folk, R.L., 1984. Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 54 (1), 289-316. Çakır, Z., 1998. Along-strike discontinuity of active normal faults and its influence on Quaternary travertine deposition: examples from Western Turkey, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 8, 67-80.
  • Çolak, E.S., Özkul, M., Aksoy, E., Kele, S. and Ghaleb, B., 2015. Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: Structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 27 (2-3), 154-173.
  • De Filippis, L. and Billi, A. (2012). Morphotectonics of fissure ridge travertines from geothermal areas of Mammoth Hot Springs (Wyoming) and Bridgeport (California). Tectonophysics, 548–549, 34–48.
  • Demirtaş, R., 2000. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Abant ve Gerede Arasında Kalan Bölümünün Neotektonik Özellikleri ve Paleosismisitesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Doktora Tezi, 191 s.
  • Eikenberg, J., Vezzu, G., Zumsteg, I., Bajo, S., Ruethi, M. and Wyssling, G., 2001. Precise two chronometer dating of Pleistocene travertine: The 230Th/234U and 226Raex/226Ra(0) approach. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20 (18), 1935-1953.
  • Engin, B., Güven, O. and Köksal, F., 1999a. Electron spin resonance age determination of a travertine sample from the southwestern part of Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 51 (6), 689-699.
  • Engin, B., Güven, O. and Köksal, F., 1999b. Thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance properties of some travertines from Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 51 (6), 729-746.
  • Grün, R., 1989. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Quaternary International, 1, 65-109.
  • Gürsoy, H., Tatar, O., Akpınar, Z., Polat, A., Mesci, B.L. and Tuncer, D., 2013. New observations on the 1939 Erzincan Earthquake surface rupture on the Kelkit Valley segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey Journal of Geodynamics, 65, 259-271.
  • Hakyemez, Y.H. and Papak, İ., 2002. 1/500000 Ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası, Samsun Paftası. Editör: Mustafa Şenel. Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara. Hancock, P.L., Chalmers, R.M.L., Altunel, E. and Çakır, Z., 1999. Travitonics: Using Travertines in Active Fault Studies. Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 903-916.
  • Heimann, A. and Sass, E., 1989. Travertines in the northern Hulla Valley, Israel. Sedimentology, 36, 95-108.
  • Herece, E. and Akay, E., 2003. Atlas of North Anatolian Fault (NAF). General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Special Publication series-2, Ankara, 61 p+13 appendices as separate maps.
  • Karabacak, V., Uysal, T., Mutlu, H., İmer, E.Ü., Dirik, K., Feng, Y., Akıska, S., Aydoğdu, İ. and Zhao, J., 2019. Are U-Th dates correlated with historical records of earthquakes? Constraints from co-seismic carbonate veins within the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Tectonics 38 (7), 2431-2448.
  • Ludwig, K.R. and Paces, J.B., 2002. Uranium-Series Dating of Pedogenic Silica and Carbonate, Crater Flat, Nevada. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, (3),487–506.
  • Mallick, R. and Frank, N., 2002. A new technique for precise uranium-series dating of travertine micro-samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66 (24), 4261-4272.
  • McClusky, S., Balassanian, S., Barka, A., Demir, C., Ergintav, S., Georgiev, I., Gürkan, O., Hamburger, M., Hurst, K., Kahle, H., Kastens, K., Kekelidze, G., King, R., Kotzev, V., Lenk, O., Mahmoud, S., Mishin, A., Nadariya, M., Ouzounis, A., Paradissis, D., Peter, Y., Prilepin, M., Reilinger, R., Sanli, I., Seeger, H., Tealeb, A., Toksöz, M.N., and Veis, G., 2000. Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 5695–5719.
  • Mesci, B.L., 2004. Sıcak Çermik ve Yakın Yöresindeki (Sivas) Travertenlerin Gelişimi ve Aktif Tektonikle İlişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Doktora Tezi, 245 s (unpublished).
  • Mesci, B.L., 2012. Active Tectonics Properties and significance within Central Anatolian Neotectonic Structures of the Ortaköy Fissure Ridge Travertines. Geodinamica Acta, 25 (1-2), 12-25.
  • Mesci, B. L, Erkman, A. C., Gürsoy, H and Tatar, O., 2018. Fossil findings from the Sıcak Çermik fissure ridge type travertines and possible hominid tracks, Sivas, Central Turkey. Geodinamica Acta, 30 (1), 15–30.
  • Mesci, B.L., Gürsoy H., and Tatar, O., 2008. The evolution of travertine masses in the Sivas area (central Turkey) and their relationships to active tectonics. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 7 (2), 219-240.
  • Noten, K.V., Topal, S., Baykara, M.O., Özkul, M., Claes, H., Aratman, C. and Swennen, R., 2019. Pleistocene-Holocene tectonic reconstruction of the Ballık travertine (Denizli Graben, SW Turkey): (De)formation of large travertine geobodies at intersecting grabens. Journal of Structural Geology, 118, 114-134.
  • Oral, M.B., 1994. Global Positioning System (GPS) Measurements in Turkey (1988- 1992): Kinematics of the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia Plate Collision Zone. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, PhD thesis, 344 p.
  • Polat. S., 2011. Türkiye’de Traverten Oluşumu, Yayılış Alanı ve Korunması. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 23, 389-428.
  • Pons-Branchu, E., Hillaire-Marcel C., Deschamps, P., Ghaleb B, and Sinclair, D.J., 2005. Early Diagenesis Impact On Precise U-Series Dating Of Deep-Sea Corals: Example Of A 100–200-Year Old Lophelia Pertusa Sample From The Northeast Atlantic, Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (20), 4865–4879.
  • Reilinger, R., McClusky, S., Vernant, P., Lawrence, S., Ergintav, S., Cakmak, R., Ozener, H., Kadirov, F., Guliev, I., Stepanyan, Nadariya, M., Hahubia, G., Mahmoud, S., Sakr, K., ArRajehi, A., Paradissis, D., Al-Aydrus, A., Prilepin, M., Guseva, T., Evren, E., Dmitrotsa, A., Filikov, S.V., Gomez, F., Al-Ghazzi, R. and Karam, G., 2006. GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111 (B05411), 1-26.
  • Riedel, W., 1929. Zur Mechanik Geologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentral-Blatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie B, 354-368.
  • Rink, W.J., Schwarcz, H.P., Lee, H.K., Valdés, V.C., Quirós, F.B. and Hoyos, M., 1997. ESR dating of Mousterian levels at El Castillo Cave, Cantabria, Spain. Journal of Archaeological Science, 24 (7), 593-600.
  • Semghouli, S., Choukri, A., Cherkaoui El Moursli, R., Jahjouh, E., Chouak, A., Ben Mohammadi, A., Latiris, M., Reyss J. -L. and Plaziat J. L., 2001. Th/U dating of marine and continental mollusk shell, and travertine samples in Quaternary deposits in Morocco. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 61 (3-6), 697-699.
  • Seymen, İ., 1975. Kelkit Vadisi Kesiminde Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun Tektonik Özelliği. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Maden Fakültesi, İstanbul, PhD Thesis, XIX+192 pp. +2 foldout maps.
  • Shen, C.C., Lin, K., Duan, W., Jiang, X., Partin, J.W., Edwards, R.L., Cheng, H. and Tan, M., 2013. Testing the annual nature of speleothem banding. Nature, Scientific Reports, 3, Article no: 2633 (2013).
  • Soligo, M., Tuccimei, P., Barberi, R., Delitala, M.C., Miccadei, E., and Taddeucci, A., 2002. U/Th dating of freshwater travertine from Middle Velino Vadisi (Central Italy): paleoclimatic and geological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 184 (1-2), 147-161.
  • Sturchio, N.C., Kenneth, L.P., Michael T.M. and Michael L.S., 1994. Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana. Quaternary Research, 41 (3), 265-277.
  • Şengör, A.M.C., Tüysüz, O., İmren, C., Sakınç, M., Eyidoğan, H., Görür, N., Pichon, X.L. and Rangin, C., 2005. The North Anatolian Fault: A new look. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 33, 37-112.
  • Şimşek, Ş. 2003. Türkiye’de Jeotermal Enerji Potansiyeli. Mavi Gezegen, TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri. Odası Yayını, 7, 48-53.
  • Tatar, O., Poyraz, F., Gürsoy, H., Cakir, Z., Ergintav, S., Akpınar, Z., Koçbulut, F., Sezen, F., Türk, T., Hastaoğlu, K.Ö., Polat, A., Mesci, B.L., Gürsoy, Ö., Ayazlı, E., Çakmak, R., Belgen, A. and Yavaşoğlu, H., 2012. Crustal deformation and kinematics of the Eastern Part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey) from GPS measurements. Tectonophysics, 518, 55-62
  • Temiz U. and Eikenberg J., 2011. U/Th dating of the travertine deposited at transfer zone between two normal faults and their neotectonic significance: Cambazli fissure ridge travertines (the Gediz Graben-Turkey). Geodinamica Acta, 24 (2), 95-105.
  • Temiz, U., Gökten, E. and Eikenberg, J., 2013. Strike-slip deformation and U/Th dating of travertine deposition: Examples from North Anatolian Fault Zone, Bolu and Yeniçağ Basins, Turkey. Quaternary International, 312, 132–140.
  • Wilcox R.E., Harding T.P. and Seely D.R., 1973. Basic Wrench Tectonics. AAPG, 57 (1), 74-96.
  • Zabcı, C., Akyüz, H.S., Karabacak, V., Sançar. T., Altunel, E., Gürsoy, H. and Tatar, O., 2011. Palaeoearthquakes on the Kelkit Vadisi segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications for the surface rupture of the historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake, Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 20: 4, 411-427.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Geology
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Bekir Levent Mesci 0000-0002-7983-3923

Halil Gürsoy 0000-0003-4398-871X

Bassam Ghaleb This is me 0000-0002-2263-8895

Orhan Tatar 0000-0001-9579-1607

Project Number M-497
Publication Date November 5, 2019
Submission Date September 23, 2019
Acceptance Date October 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 63 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mesci, B. L., Gürsoy, H., Ghaleb, B., Tatar, O. (2020). An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 63(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.623535
AMA Mesci BL, Gürsoy H, Ghaleb B, Tatar O. An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge. Geol. Bull. Turkey. March 2020;63(2):145-160. doi:10.25288/tjb.623535
Chicago Mesci, Bekir Levent, Halil Gürsoy, Bassam Ghaleb, and Orhan Tatar. “An Extensional Fracture Acting As Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 63, no. 2 (March 2020): 145-60. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.623535.
EndNote Mesci BL, Gürsoy H, Ghaleb B, Tatar O (March 1, 2020) An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 63 2 145–160.
IEEE B. L. Mesci, H. Gürsoy, B. Ghaleb, and O. Tatar, “An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge”, Geol. Bull. Turkey, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 145–160, 2020, doi: 10.25288/tjb.623535.
ISNAD Mesci, Bekir Levent et al. “An Extensional Fracture Acting As Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 63/2 (March 2020), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.623535.
JAMA Mesci BL, Gürsoy H, Ghaleb B, Tatar O. An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge. Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2020;63:145–160.
MLA Mesci, Bekir Levent et al. “An Extensional Fracture Acting As Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, vol. 63, no. 2, 2020, pp. 145-60, doi:10.25288/tjb.623535.
Vancouver Mesci BL, Gürsoy H, Ghaleb B, Tatar O. An Extensional Fracture Acting as Hot Water Source for Travertine Deposition on the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: The Reşadiye Fissure-Ridge. Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2020;63(2):145-60.

Instructions for Authors: http://www.jmo.org.tr/yayinlar/tjb_yazim_kurallari.php
Ethical Statement and Copyrighy Form:  https://www.jmo.org.tr/yayinlar/tjb_telif_etik_formlar.php