Alaşehir Grabeni'nin Güney Kenarındaki Neojen Tortul Kayaçlarının Evrimi: Alaşehir Sıyrılma Fayının Tektonik Aktivitesinin Geç Miyosen'de Sona Erdiğine Dair Kanıt

Year 2025, Volume: 68 Issue: 3, 287 - 332

Fatih Şen , Serdal Karaağaç

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1603626

Abstract

Alaşehir Grabeni'nin güney kenarı, aynı gerilmeli rejim içinde sünek-kırılgan kataklastik kayaçlar içeren Alaşehir Sıyrılma Fayı (ASF)ile sınırlanmıştır. Bu sıyrılma fayı, Turgutlu'dan Alaşehir'e kadar yaklaşık 150 km boyunca yüzeylenmiş ve kuzeye düşük bir açıyla (100-300) eğimli olan yüzeydir. ASF' nin tektonik aktivitesinin sonlanmasını yorumlayan iki ana görüş vardır. Birincisi, fayın son hareketinin, Pliyo-Kuvaterner yüksek açılı normal faylar tarafından kesilmiş olması gerçeğine dayanarak Geç Miyosen'de sona erdiğidir. Diğer görüş ise, ASF' ye ait kataklastik kayaçlarından elde edilen yüzeylenme yaşlarına dayanarak tektonik aktivitesinin Pliyo-Kuvaterner'e kadar devam ettiğidir. Bu tartışmaya katkıda bulunmak için Salihli ve Alaşehir bölgelerindeki ASF'nin tavan bloğundaki Neojen istifinin ölçülmüş stratigrafik kayıtlarını bildiriyoruz. Alaşehir Grabeni'nin çökelme evrimi, Miyosen (Gerentaş, Kaypaktepe ve Acıdere Formasyonları), Üst Miyosen-Üst Pliyosen (Göbekli, Yenipazar ve Erendalı Formasyonları) ve Pliyo-Kuvaterner yaşlı tortul kayaçlar (Asartepe Formasyonu) olmak üzere üç pakette tanımlanabilir. Alaşehir Grabeni'nde Miyosen ve Pliyo-Kuvaterner paketleri göl, akarsu ve alüvyal yelpaze ortamları da dahil olmak üzere benzer sedimantasyon ortamları ile temsil edilmektedir. Bu iki dönem taşkın yatağı sedimantasyon ortamını temsil eden Geç Miyosen-Geç Pliyosen zamanıyla ayrılmıştır. Taşkın yatağı tortulları, ASF' ye ait kataklastik kayaçların yarı-yuvarlak-yuvarlak kırıntılarına dayanarak, stratigrafik tabandan itibaren ilk 140 metreden sonra tektonik olarak hareketli olmayan ve kendini tekrarlayan monoton bir dizidir. Bunlar, Geç Miyosen-Geç Pliyosen döneminde oluşan tektonik durgunluk dönemini temsil etmektedir ve ASF'deki tektonik aktivitenin Geç Miyosen döneminde sonlandığını gösterir. Ancak, Alaşehir Grabeni'ni kesen D-B yönlü normal fayların gösterdiği gibi, tektonik aktivite Plio-Kuvaterner'de yeniden canlanmış olabilir.

Keywords

Alaşehir sıyrılma fayı, Kırıntıların küreselliği, Taşkın yatağı tortulları, Alaşehir Grabeni, Neojen istifi

Evolution of Neogene Sedimentary Rocks on the Southern Margin of the Alaşehir Graben: Evidence for Termination of Tectonic Activity on the Alaşehir Detachment Fault During the Late Miocene

Abstract

The southern margin of the Alaşehir Graben is bounded by the Alaşehir Detachment Fault (ADF), comprising ductile-brittle cataclastic rocks within the same extensional regime. This fault surface is exposed over ~150 km from Turgutlu to Alaşehir and dips to the north at a low-angle (10°-30°). There are two main interpretations about the termination of tectonic activity on the ADF. The first is that recent movement of the fault ended in the late Miocene, based on the fact that it is cut by Plio-Quaternary high-angle normal faults. The second view suggests that tectonic activity continued until the Plio-Quaternary, based on the exhumation ages obtained from cataclastic rocks. We present measured stratigraphic logs of the Neogene sequence in the hanging wall of the ADF in the Salihli and Alaşehir areas to contribute to this discussion. The depositional evolution of the Alaşehir Graben can be described in three assemblages, including Miocene (Gerentaş, Kaypaktepe and Acıdere Formations), Late Miocene-Late Pliocene (Göbekli, Yenipazar and Erendalı Formations) and Plio-Quaternary sedimentary rocks (Asartepe Formation). The Miocene and Plio-Quaternary assemblages are represented by similar depocenters, including lacustrine, fluvial and alluvial-fan environments in the Alaşehir Graben. They are separated by the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene, which represents the depocenter of the floodplain. The floodplain deposits are a monotonous sequence that repeats itself and is not tectonically mobile after the first 140 meters from the stratigraphic bottom based on sub-rounded to rounded clasts from the cataclastic rocks belonging to the ADF. They represent a time of tectonic quiescence during the Late Miocene-Late Pliocene, indicating that tectonic activity on the ADF terminated in the Late Miocene. However, tectonic activity may have rejuvenated in the Plio-Quaternary as indicated by E-W oriented normal faults cutting through the Alaşehir Graben.

Keywords

Alaşehir detachment fault, Neogene sequence, Sphericity of clasts, Floodplain deposits, Alaşehir Graben

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