Abstract
Türkiye in recent years, consequently, their share in the total generation of energy within the country is also increasing every year. Considering the cost of wind power plants, together with the targeted amount of energy generation, earthquake planning for these systems becomes crucial. Earthquakes are one of the principal risks of wind energy investments, especially when considering the earthquake hazard level in a large portion of the country. Under the present circumstances, the companies producing wind turbines conduct the analysis and planning they deem necessary and forward these to the investors in our country. The extent to which manufacturers consider earthquake parameters and analysis methods in the design of wind turbines for earthquake resistance is not well-defined. The lack of clarity makes it difficult for investors to accurately evaluate the suitability of wind turbine tower and foundation designs for the specific conditions of the country.
This study evaluates earthquake design methods by looking into the regulations used in the design of wind turbines around the world. The magnitude of ground motion considered in the earthquake design, the method of analysis used, the load combinations on which the designs are based, and the criteria for the designs have been inspected. Moreover, the design documents for a wind turbine that is being constructed has been examined in detail, with the earthquake design stage being especially scrutinized.
Assessments and recommendations have been made regarding the design specifications, analysis methods and criteria used in the analysis and design of the wind turbines currently being built in our country. Subsequently, obtained recommendations have been taken into consideration to propose an earthquake design procedure for the earthquake design of wind turbines.
Keywords
References
- IEC 61400-1 Wind Energy Generation Systems - Part 1: Design Requirements
- EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROpAISCHE NORM EN 1998-1 December 2004
- API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD Planning, Design, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms—Working Stress Design
- International Building Code, 2018
- Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-16
- Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-05
- Turkish Standards, TS EN 61400 -1 (April 2006), Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements, Wind turbine generator systems, Part 1: Safety requirements, (IEC 61400-1:1999, modified)
- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61400-1, Wind turbines – Part 1: Design requirements 2005
- ACP 61400-1-202x, Wind Energy Generation Systems – Part 1: Design requirements – Modified Adoption of IEC 61400-1
- SASO IEC 61400-3-1: 2020, IEC 61400-3-1: 2019, Wind energy generation systems – Part 3-1: Design requirements for fixed offshore wind turbines
- Germanischer Lloyd: Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbines, Basic Principles for Design and Construction, 2010
- DNVGL-ST-0437 Edition November 2016, Loads and site conditions for wind turbines
- ASCE/AWEA RP2011, Recommended Practice for Compliance of Large Land-based Wind Turbine Support Structures
- DNV GL AS, DNVGL-ST-0437 Edition, November 2016, Loads and site conditions for wind turbines
- ASCE/AWEA RP2011, Recommended Practice for Compliance of Large Land-based Wind Turbine Support Structures
Abstract
Türkiye in recent years, consequently, their share in the total generation of energy within the country is also increasing every year. Considering the cost of wind power plants, together with the targeted amount of energy generation, earthquake planning for these systems becomes crucial. Earthquakes are one of the principal risks of wind energy investments, especially when considering the earthquake hazard level in a large portion of the country. Under the present circumstances, the companies producing wind turbines conduct the analysis and planning they deem necessary and forward these to the investors in our country. The extent to which manufacturers consider earthquake parameters and analysis methods in the design of wind turbines for earthquake resistance is not well-defined. The lack of clarity makes it difficult for investors to accurately evaluate the suitability of wind turbine tower and foundation designs for the specific conditions of the country.
This study evaluates earthquake design methods by looking into the regulations used in the design of wind turbines around the world. The magnitude of ground motion considered in the earthquake design, the method of analysis used, the load combinations on which the designs are based, and the criteria for the designs have been inspected. Moreover, the design documents for a wind turbine that is being constructed has been examined in detail, with the earthquake design stage being especially scrutinized.
Assessments and recommendations have been made regarding the design specifications, analysis methods and criteria used in the analysis and design of the wind turbines currently being built in our country. Subsequently, obtained recommendations have been taken into consideration to propose an earthquake design procedure for the earthquake design of wind turbines.
Keywords
References
- IEC 61400-1 Wind Energy Generation Systems - Part 1: Design Requirements
- EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROpAISCHE NORM EN 1998-1 December 2004
- API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD Planning, Design, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms—Working Stress Design
- International Building Code, 2018
- Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-16
- Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-05
- Turkish Standards, TS EN 61400 -1 (April 2006), Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements, Wind turbine generator systems, Part 1: Safety requirements, (IEC 61400-1:1999, modified)
- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61400-1, Wind turbines – Part 1: Design requirements 2005
- ACP 61400-1-202x, Wind Energy Generation Systems – Part 1: Design requirements – Modified Adoption of IEC 61400-1
- SASO IEC 61400-3-1: 2020, IEC 61400-3-1: 2019, Wind energy generation systems – Part 3-1: Design requirements for fixed offshore wind turbines
- Germanischer Lloyd: Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbines, Basic Principles for Design and Construction, 2010
- DNVGL-ST-0437 Edition November 2016, Loads and site conditions for wind turbines
- ASCE/AWEA RP2011, Recommended Practice for Compliance of Large Land-based Wind Turbine Support Structures
- DNV GL AS, DNVGL-ST-0437 Edition, November 2016, Loads and site conditions for wind turbines
- ASCE/AWEA RP2011, Recommended Practice for Compliance of Large Land-based Wind Turbine Support Structures
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Wind |
| Journal Section | Technical Note |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | January 21, 2025 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | November 24, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | January 15, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 36 Issue: 3 |