Research Article

Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic

Volume: 16 Number: 4 January 1, 2026
TR EN

Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic

Abstract

Aim: Since its introduction in the 1970s, health literacy (HL) has gained increasing significance in public health and health services, becoming even more crucial today. HL is particularly important in our country, where the number of patients in emergency departments has risen.This study aimed to evaluate and compare HL levels between patients in the emergency department (ED) green area and primary care clinic (PCC). Material and Methods: This single-center, prospective, observational survey study included outpatients classified as Canadian triage levels 4-5 and patients over 18 years old who visited the PCC. Patients were divided into subgroups based on education, occupation, and income-expense status. Results: The median age of the 480 patients included in the study was 36 years, with 205 (42.7%) being male. Of the cases, 169 (35.2%) visited the PCC, and 311 (64.8%) visited the ED. The number of ED visits among primary school graduates was significantly higher than PCC visits, while the number of PCC visits among bachelor's and master's degree graduates was significantly higher than ED visits (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.020, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the health literacy index score (p = 0.147) between PCC and ED visits. However, the mean scores for accessing health-related information (p = 0.021) and understanding health-related information (p = 0.019) were significantly lower for those who visited the ED. Conclusions: To reduce the burden on EDs, our society should be educated on the importance of utilizing primary health care services regardless of education level, occupation, and income, alongside improving HL levels.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was obtained from the ethics committee of a third-level Health Sciences University hospital (Ethics committee approval dated 18.12.2019 and numbered B.10.1.TKH.4.34.H.GP.0.01/232). Consent forms were obtained from all patients and healthy volunteers or their first-degree relatives. The entire study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the principles of Good Clinical Practice.

Thanks

Thank Doç. Dr. Adem ÇAKIR for all of help and contrabition.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Social Determinants of Health, Mental Health Services

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

January 1, 2026

Submission Date

March 26, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 19, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 16 Number: 4

APA
Gücal, R., Eroğlu, S. E., Algın, A., & İslam, M. M. (2026). Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 16(4), 481-490. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1661083
AMA
1.Gücal R, Eroğlu SE, Algın A, İslam MM. Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic. TJCL. 2026;16(4):481-490. doi:10.18663/tjcl.1661083
Chicago
Gücal, Rıza, Serkan Emre Eroğlu, Abdullah Algın, and Mehmet Muzaffer İslam. 2026. “Comparison of Health Literacy Levels of Patients Applying to Adult Emergency Department and Primary Care Clinic”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16 (4): 481-90. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1661083.
EndNote
Gücal R, Eroğlu SE, Algın A, İslam MM (January 1, 2026) Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16 4 481–490.
IEEE
[1]R. Gücal, S. E. Eroğlu, A. Algın, and M. M. İslam, “Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic”, TJCL, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 481–490, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.18663/tjcl.1661083.
ISNAD
Gücal, Rıza - Eroğlu, Serkan Emre - Algın, Abdullah - İslam, Mehmet Muzaffer. “Comparison of Health Literacy Levels of Patients Applying to Adult Emergency Department and Primary Care Clinic”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16/4 (January 1, 2026): 481-490. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1661083.
JAMA
1.Gücal R, Eroğlu SE, Algın A, İslam MM. Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic. TJCL. 2026;16:481–490.
MLA
Gücal, Rıza, et al. “Comparison of Health Literacy Levels of Patients Applying to Adult Emergency Department and Primary Care Clinic”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, vol. 16, no. 4, Jan. 2026, pp. 481-90, doi:10.18663/tjcl.1661083.
Vancouver
1.Rıza Gücal, Serkan Emre Eroğlu, Abdullah Algın, Mehmet Muzaffer İslam. Comparison of health literacy levels of patients applying to adult emergency department and primary care clinic. TJCL. 2026 Jan. 1;16(4):481-90. doi:10.18663/tjcl.1661083

e-ISSN: 2149-8296

Publication Model: Continuous Publication

Peer Review Model: Double-Blind Peer Review

Publication Language: Turkish and English

Access Model: Open Access

DOI Prefix: (Crossref DOI numaranız)

Publisher: DNT Ortadoğu Publishing Inc.

Journal Abbreviation: Turk J Clin Lab

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