Total sirkülatuar arrest ile deneysel kardiyak hasar oluşturulan ratlarda Cynara scolymus L.'nin kardiyak fonksiyonlar üzerine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Cynara scolymus L. (CSL) ekstraktının kardiyak doku üzerindeki potansiyel koruyucu etkileri ve bu etkiye aracılık eden altta yatan mekanizmalar sıçanlarda total dolaşım durması modeli kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada toplam 24 yetişkin erkek Wistar Albino sıçan kullanıldı. Hayvanlar rastgele ve eşit olarak dört gruba ayrıldı (n=6): Grup I (Sham), Grup II (Total Circulatory Arrest - TSA), Grup III [Tedavi Grubu 1 (TSA + Cynara scolymus L. ekstresi)] ve Grup IV [Tedavi Grubu 2 (Cynara scolymus L. ekstresi)]. Deneysel protokolün tamamlanmasının ardından hayvanlardan kan ve kalp dokusu örnekleri toplanmıştır. Malondialdehit (MDA), toplam antioksidan durum (TAS), toplam oksidan durum (TOS), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI), kreatin kinaz-MB (CK-MB), troponin I, tümör nekroz faktörü-alfa (TNF-α), hipoksi ile indüklenebilir faktör 1-alfa (HIF-1α) ve nükleer faktör eritroid 2 ile ilişkili faktör 2 (NRF2) seviyelerini ölçmek için biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Ayrıca, alınan kardiyak dokular yapısal değişiklikleri değerlendirmek için histopatolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Bulgulara göre, gruplar arasında MDA (p=0.71), TOS (p=0.21) ve OSI (p=0.45) düzeyleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Ancak TAS, TNF-α, HIF-1α ve NRF2 düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gözlendi (p<0.01). Kalbin histopatolojik incelemesi, tedavi gruplarının Grup II'ye kıyasla daha az fokal nekroz alanına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın bulguları, Cynara scolymus L. ekstraktının iskemi-reperfüzyon kaynaklı kalp hasarına karşı önemli anti-enflamatuar ve antioksidan koruyucu etkiler sergilediğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, CSL ekstraktının kardiyoprotektif bir ajan olarak potansiyelini desteklemektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu koruyucu etkilerin altında yatan moleküler mekanizmaların daha ayrıntılı olarak aydınlatılması için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Cynara scolymus L. (CSL) ekstresi
• Total Dolaşım Durması
• Antioksidan
• Tümör Nekroz Faktörü-alfa (TNF-α)
• Hipoksi ile indüklenebilir Faktör 1-alfa (HIF-1α)
• Nükleer Faktör Eritroid 2 ile ilişkili Faktör 2 (NRF2).

The effect of Cynara scolymus L. on cardiac functions in rats with experimental cardiac injury induced by total circulatory arrest

Abstract

Objective: In this study, the potential protective effects of Cynara scolymus L. (CSL) extract on cardiac tissue and the underlying mechanisms mediating this effect were evaluated using a total circulatory arrest model in rats. Methods: A total of 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n=6): Group I (Sham), Group II (Total Circulatory Arrest – TSA), Group III [Treatment Group 1 (TSA + Cynara scolymus L. extract)], and Group IV [Treatment Group 2 (Cynara scolymus L. extract)]. After the completion of the experimental protocol, blood and cardiac tissue samples were collected from the animals. Biochemical analyses were performed to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin I, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2). Additionally, the harvested cardiac tissues were examined histopathologically to evaluate structural changes. Results: According to the findings, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of MDA (p=0.71), TOS (p=0.21), and OSI (p=0.45) levels. However, statistically significant differences were observed in TAS, TNF-α, HIF-1α, and NRF2 levels (p<0.01). Histopathological examination of the heart revealed that the treatment groups had fewer areas of focal necrosis compared to Group II. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Cynara scolymus L. extract exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac injury. These results support the potential of CSL extract as a cardioprotective agent. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of these protective effects in more detail.

Keywords

• Cynara scolymus L. (CSL) extract
• Total Circulatory Arrest
• Antioxidant
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)
• Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)
• Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NRF2).

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