Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of bruxism: A review

Abstract

The most common tooth-to-tooth habits are clenching and grinding, i.e. bruxism. Bruxism is mainly associated with rhythmic masticator muscle activity characterized by repetitive jaw muscle contractions. Although it is not a life-threatening condition, it can affect the quality of human life with dental problems and pain in the orofacial region.The neurochemical mechanisms underlying sleep bruxism are little understood at present. Besides, it has been stated that the psychosocial factors like stress and personality is important in the aetiology of bruxism. Although intermittent clenching and grinding are extremely common,  they  usually  pose  no  serious  consequences  for  the  oral  structures.  Sequelae  of  bruxism  that  have  been  proposed include tooth wear, signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, headaches, toothache, mobile teeth. Currently, nospecific  treatment  exists  that  can  stop  sleep bruxism  even  though  many  methods,  including  prosthetic  treatment,  have  been tried over the years.Currently there is no known treatment methodfor permanently eliminating bruxism. Although occlusal appliances guard against the harmful effects, they do not cure a patient ofbruxing. In most instances when long-term occlusal appliance therapy is terminated, the bruxism returns. In this review article, its etiology and current treatment methods are discussed with the light of previous literature.

Keywords

• Bruxism,etiology,teşhis,treatment

Bruksizm teşhis ve tedavisi üzerine güncel yaklaşımlar: Derleme

Abstract

Bruksizm; genel kabul gören haliyle dişlerin okluzal yüzeyleri arasında non-fonksiyonel ve sürekli, kuvvetli temas olarak tanımlanır; çiğneme sisteminin non-fonksiyonel hareketleri esnasındaki istemsiz, aşırı gıcırdatma (grinding), dişlerin sıkılması (clenching), veya sürtünmesidir (rubbing).  Hayatı tehdit edici bir rahatsızlık olmamasına karşın, insan yaşamının kalitesini dental problemler ve orofasiyal bölgedeki ağrı ile etkileyebilir. Günümüzde bruksizmin altında yatan nörokimyasal mekanizmalar tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bununla birlikte, stres ve kişilik özellikleri gibi psikososyal faktörlerin de bruksizm etiyolojisinde önemli olduğu bildirilmiştir. Diş gıcırdatma periyodları kısa aralıklarda olmasına rağmen çiğneme sisteminde ciddi problemlere neden olabilmektedir. Bruksizm sonucu temporomandibular rahatsızlıklar, baş ağrısı, dişlerde aşınma, hassasiyet ve mobilite gibi problemler görülebilmektedir. Yıllar içinde bruksizmi durdurmak için protetik tedavilerde dahil olmak üzere birçok tedavi yöntemi denenmiştir ancak bruksizmi daimi olarak elimine eden bir tedavi yöntemi henüz bulunmamaktadır. Her ne kadar oklüzal ısırma plakları ile bruksizmin zararlı etkileri önlense de etkinliğinin net olarak gösterildiği kanıta dayalı çalışmalar bulunmamaktadır ve oklüzal tedavi bitirildiğinde uzun dönemde bruksizm tekrarlayabilir. Bu derlemede bruksizmin oluş nedenleri ve güncel tedavi yaklaşımları literatür bilgileri ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Bruksizm,etyoloji,tedavi,teşhis,tedavi

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