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Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 587 - 592, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1577124

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluates the role of hematologic inflammatory markers, specifically neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)
and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in predicting late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).
Material and Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis was conducted on 76 pregnancies complicated by late- onset FGR and 100 healthy pregnancies as controls. Maternal blood samples were collected, and hematologic parameters, including NLR and PLR, were recorded. Data analysis compared inflammatory markers between the FGR and control groups to assess the relationship between maternal inflammatory profiles and FGR.
Results: NLR was significantly higher in the FGR group compared to the control group (p<0.001), suggesting increased systemic inflammation in pregnancies complicated by FGR. PLR, although elevated in the FGR group, did not show significant differences between groups. Additionally, white blood cell and neutrophil counts were significantly elevated in the FGR group (p<0.001), while Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were notably lower in FGR cases (p<0.01), indicating compromised neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that elevated NLR may serve as a valuable inflammatory marker for identifying pregnancies at risk for late-onset FGR. Although PLR showed no significant association, the overall inflammatory profile indicates systemic maternal inflammation’s role in FGR pathogenesis. The use of NLR as a cost-effective and accessible predictive tool could enhance early identification and monitoring of at-risk pregnancies, supporting timely intervention strategies. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the integration of inflammatory markers into routine prenatal care.

References

  • Kahramanoglu O, Demirci O, Eric Ozdemir M, et al. Cerebroplacental doppler ratio and perinatal outcome in late-onset foetal growth restriction. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Jul;42(5):894-899. (doi: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1954148. Epub 2021 Sep 27)
  • Nardozza LM, Caetano AC, Zamarian AC, et al. Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 May;295(5):1061- 1077. (doi: 10.1007/s00404-017-4341-9. Epub 2017 Mar 11)
  • Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, et al. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sep;48(3):333-9. (doi: 10.1002/uog.15884)
  • Street ME, Seghini P, Fieni S, et al. Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Oct;155(4):567-74. (doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02251)
  • Bartha JL, Romero-Carmona R, Comino-Delgado R. Inflammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Dec;82(12):1099-102. (doi: 10.1046/j.1600- 0412.2003.00259.x)
  • Wang J, Zhu QW, Cheng XY, et al. Assessment efficacy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol. 2019 Apr;132:29-34. (doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.02.001. Epub 2019 Mar 6)
  • Seyhanli Z, Bayraktar B, Karabay G, et al. Can maternal inflammatory and nutritional status, evaluated by the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in the first trimester, predict late-onset fetal growth restriction? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Oct 1;24(1):620. (doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06811-6)
  • Kırmızı DA, Baser E, Onat T, Caltekin MD, Kara M, Yalvac ES. Can Inflammatory Hematological Parameters be a Guide to Late- onset Fetal Growth Restriction? Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2020 Oct;224(5):262-268. (doi: 10.1055/a-1177-1516. Epub 2020 Jun 26)
  • Firatligil FB, Sucu ST, Tuncdemir S, et al. Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting late-onset fetal growth restriction. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024 Jul;310(1):433- 439. (doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07453-x. Epub 2024 Mar 27)
  • Heyborne KD, Witkin SS, McGregor JA. Tumor necrosis factor- alpha in midtrimester amniotic fluid is associated with impaired intrauterine fetal growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Oct;167(4 Pt 1):920-5. (doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(12)80012-3)
  • Bartha JL, Romero-Carmona R, Comino-Delgado R. Inflammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Dec;82(12):1099-102. (doi: 10.1046/j.1600- 0412.2003.00259.x)
  • Kan Ö, Gemici A, Alkilic A, et al. The Effect of Preoperative Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-To- Lymphocyte Ratio on Predicting Rupture Risk in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancies. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2019;84(4):378-382. (doi: 10.1159/000496543. Epub 2019 Jan 17)
  • Crovetto F, Triunfo S, Crispi F, et al. Differential performance of first-trimester screening in predicting small-for-gestational-age neonate or fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Mar;49(3):349-356. (doi: 10.1002/uog.15919)
  • Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P. Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Mar;13(3):159- 75. (doi: 10.1038/nri3399)
  • Al-Azemi M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in fetal growth restriction. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2017;44(1):98-103.

Geç başlangıçlı fetal gelişim geriliğini öngörmede inflamatuar belirteçlerin rolü: nötrofil-lenfosit ve trombosit-lenfosit oranlarına odaklanma

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 587 - 592, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1577124

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, geç başlangıçlı fetal gelişim geriliğinin (FGR) öngörülmesinde hematolojik inflamatuar belirteçlerden
özellikle nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR) ve trombosit-lenfosit oranının (PLR) rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: u retrospektif çalışmada, geç başlangıçlı FGR ile komplike 76 gebelik ve 100 sağlıklı gebelik kontrol grubu olarak incelenmiştir. Anne kan örnekleri alınarak NLR ve PLR dahil olmak üzere hematolojik parametreler kaydedilmiştir. FGR ve kontrol grubu arasında inflamatuar belirteçler karşılaştırılarak anne inflamasyon profili ile FGR arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: NLR, FGR grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.001), bu da FGR ile komplike gebeliklerde artmış sistemik inflamasyonu göstermektedir. FGR grubunda PLR yüksek olmasına rağmen gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir. Ayrıca, beyaz kan hücresi ve nötrofil sayıları FGR grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.001), ve 1. ve 5. dakikadaki Apgar skorları FGR vakalarında anlamlı olarak düşüktü (p<0.01), bu da neonatal sonuçların etkilendiğini göstermektedir.
Sonuçlar: Bulgularımız, yüksek NLR’nin geç başlangıçlı FGR riski taşıyan gebeliklerin tespitinde değerli bir inflamatuar belirteç olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. PLR anlamlı bir ilişki göstermemekle birlikte, genel inflamatuar profil, FGR patogenezinde sistemik anne inflamasyonunun rolünü desteklemektedir. NLR’nin düşük maliyetli ve erişilebilir bir öngörü aracı olarak kullanılması, risk altındaki gebeliklerin erken tespit ve takibini güçlendirebilir ve zamanında müdahalelere destek olabilir. Bu bulguların doğrulanması ve inflamatuar belirteçlerin rutin prenatal bakıma entegrasyonunun araştırılması için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Health Science, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital (Approval number: 327-23.10.2024), in compliance with the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.

References

  • Kahramanoglu O, Demirci O, Eric Ozdemir M, et al. Cerebroplacental doppler ratio and perinatal outcome in late-onset foetal growth restriction. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Jul;42(5):894-899. (doi: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1954148. Epub 2021 Sep 27)
  • Nardozza LM, Caetano AC, Zamarian AC, et al. Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 May;295(5):1061- 1077. (doi: 10.1007/s00404-017-4341-9. Epub 2017 Mar 11)
  • Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, et al. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sep;48(3):333-9. (doi: 10.1002/uog.15884)
  • Street ME, Seghini P, Fieni S, et al. Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Oct;155(4):567-74. (doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02251)
  • Bartha JL, Romero-Carmona R, Comino-Delgado R. Inflammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Dec;82(12):1099-102. (doi: 10.1046/j.1600- 0412.2003.00259.x)
  • Wang J, Zhu QW, Cheng XY, et al. Assessment efficacy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol. 2019 Apr;132:29-34. (doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.02.001. Epub 2019 Mar 6)
  • Seyhanli Z, Bayraktar B, Karabay G, et al. Can maternal inflammatory and nutritional status, evaluated by the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in the first trimester, predict late-onset fetal growth restriction? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Oct 1;24(1):620. (doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06811-6)
  • Kırmızı DA, Baser E, Onat T, Caltekin MD, Kara M, Yalvac ES. Can Inflammatory Hematological Parameters be a Guide to Late- onset Fetal Growth Restriction? Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2020 Oct;224(5):262-268. (doi: 10.1055/a-1177-1516. Epub 2020 Jun 26)
  • Firatligil FB, Sucu ST, Tuncdemir S, et al. Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting late-onset fetal growth restriction. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024 Jul;310(1):433- 439. (doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07453-x. Epub 2024 Mar 27)
  • Heyborne KD, Witkin SS, McGregor JA. Tumor necrosis factor- alpha in midtrimester amniotic fluid is associated with impaired intrauterine fetal growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Oct;167(4 Pt 1):920-5. (doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(12)80012-3)
  • Bartha JL, Romero-Carmona R, Comino-Delgado R. Inflammatory cytokines in intrauterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Dec;82(12):1099-102. (doi: 10.1046/j.1600- 0412.2003.00259.x)
  • Kan Ö, Gemici A, Alkilic A, et al. The Effect of Preoperative Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-To- Lymphocyte Ratio on Predicting Rupture Risk in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancies. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2019;84(4):378-382. (doi: 10.1159/000496543. Epub 2019 Jan 17)
  • Crovetto F, Triunfo S, Crispi F, et al. Differential performance of first-trimester screening in predicting small-for-gestational-age neonate or fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Mar;49(3):349-356. (doi: 10.1002/uog.15919)
  • Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P. Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Mar;13(3):159- 75. (doi: 10.1038/nri3399)
  • Al-Azemi M, Raghupathy R, Azizieh F. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in fetal growth restriction. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2017;44(1):98-103.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özge Kahramanoğlu 0000-0003-2397-3924

Koray Gök 0000-0002-7420-1484

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date October 31, 2024
Acceptance Date December 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 15 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kahramanoğlu, Ö., & Gök, K. (2024). Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 15(4), 587-592. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1577124
AMA Kahramanoğlu Ö, Gök K. Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios. TJCL. December 2024;15(4):587-592. doi:10.18663/tjcl.1577124
Chicago Kahramanoğlu, Özge, and Koray Gök. “Inflammatory Markers As Predictors of Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Focus on Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to- Lymphocyte Ratios”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 15, no. 4 (December 2024): 587-92. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1577124.
EndNote Kahramanoğlu Ö, Gök K (December 1, 2024) Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 15 4 587–592.
IEEE Ö. Kahramanoğlu and K. Gök, “Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios”, TJCL, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 587–592, 2024, doi: 10.18663/tjcl.1577124.
ISNAD Kahramanoğlu, Özge - Gök, Koray. “Inflammatory Markers As Predictors of Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Focus on Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to- Lymphocyte Ratios”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 15/4 (December 2024), 587-592. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1577124.
JAMA Kahramanoğlu Ö, Gök K. Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios. TJCL. 2024;15:587–592.
MLA Kahramanoğlu, Özge and Koray Gök. “Inflammatory Markers As Predictors of Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Focus on Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to- Lymphocyte Ratios”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, vol. 15, no. 4, 2024, pp. 587-92, doi:10.18663/tjcl.1577124.
Vancouver Kahramanoğlu Ö, Gök K. Inflammatory markers as predictors of late-onset fetal growth restriction: a focus on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to- lymphocyte ratios. TJCL. 2024;15(4):587-92.


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