Research Article
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Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 564 - 569, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1778708

Abstract

Aim: Reactive thrombocytosis can result from various mechanisms, including increased megakaryocyte activity and reduced platelet clearance. Iron deficiency, often linked to elevated platelet production, is a common cause. However, the role of zinc deficiency in platelet count changes remains unclear. This study retrospectively investigated the effects of iron and zinc deficiencies on platelet parameters in children.
Material and Methods: 73 pediatric patients (36 females, 37 males) were analyzed for platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) in relation to ferritin and zinc levels. Patients were grouped as follows: Group 1- normal ferritin and zinc; Group 2- low ferritin, high zinc; Group 3- normal ferritin, low zinc; Group 4- low ferritin and zinc. Statistical analysis included assessment of normality using the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, followed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc pairwise t-tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation analysis for MPV and platelet count relationships.
Results: Platelet counts and MPV were similar across all groups, indicating no direct effect of zinc deficiency on thrombocytosis. Zinc-deficient patients had significantly lower ferritin levels (p < 0.05). A moderate inverse correlation was observed between MPV and platelet count (r = -0.548), which became stronger with MPV stratification (r = -0.841).
Conclusion: Zinc deficiency was not associated with elevated platelet counts in this cohort. However, its association with reduced ferritin and the observed MPV-platelet relationship highlight the potential influence of trace elements on hematopoiesis. Clinicians should consider nutritional status in the evaluation of pediatric platelet disorders, and further research is warranted to clarify these interactions.

Ethical Statement

This study is approved by TOBB ETU Scientific Research Ethics Comitee (16/17.12.2024).

References

  • Scharfman JC, Gorfu Y, Berman B. Evaluation and management of thrombocytosis in children. Pediatrics in Review, 2023; 44(11), 621–632.
  • Martin C, Si-Tahar M, Gheldof D. Iron and platelets: A tale of two tales. Blood Reviews, 2022; 54, 100938.
  • Wessells KR, Brown KH. Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: Results based on available data and covering 38 countries. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7(11), e50509.
  • Little CB, Tarlton NK, Taylor KA. Zinc in platelet biology. Platelets, 2021; 32(4), 447–456.
  • Neubert P, Strasser E, Kremser C, Derler R, Hinterdorfer P, Weiss G. ZIP1/ZIP3 modulate platelet function and thrombosis via zinc homeostasis. Nature Communications, 2021; 12(1), 5623.
  • Mammadova-Bach E, Braun A. Zinc Homeostasis in Platelet-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2019; 20(21), 5258.
  • Rosado JL. Zinc and copper: proposed fortification levels and recommended zinc compounds. J Nutr, 2003; 133(9), 2985S–2989S.
  • Szewc M, Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Górska A, et al. The Role of Zinc and Copper in Platelet Activation and Pathophysiological Thrombus Formation in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism in the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biology (Basel), 2022; 11(5), 752.
  • Whittaker P. Iron and zinc interactions in humans. Am J Clin Nutr, 1998; 68(2 Suppl), 442S–446S.
  • Prasad AS. Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact on human health and disease. Advances in Nutrition, 2013; 4(2), 176–190.
  • Ahmed NS, Lopes-Pires M, Pugh N. Zinc: an endogenous and exogenous regulator of platelet function during hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets, 2021; 32(7), 880–887.
  • Ahmed NS, Lopes Pires ME, Taylor KA, Pugh N. Agonist-Evoked Increases in Intra-Platelet Zinc Couple to Functional Responses. Thromb Haemost, 2019; 119(1), 128–139.
  • Sincan G, Erdem F, Bay İ, Sincan S. Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2022; 200(9), 3919–3924.
  • Alberio L. Do we need antiplatelet therapy in thrombocytosis? pro. Hämostaseologie, 2016; 36(04), 227–240.
  • Sarangi R, Pradhan S, Dhanawat A, Patanayak R, Benia G. Thrombocytosis in children: clinico-hematological profile from a single centre in eastern India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 2018; 10(01), 034–037.
  • Akan H, Guven N, Aydoğdu İ, Arat M, Beksac M, Dalva K. Thrombopoietic cytokines in patients with iron deficiency anemia with or without thrombocytosis. Acta Haematologica, 2000; 103(3), 152–156.
  • Ray S, Chandra J, Sharma S. Clinico-hematological study of abnormalities of platelet count in children with iron deficiency anemia. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2019; 6(4), 1519–1523.
  • Kawano S, Kato J, Kitamura K. Iron deficiency anemia with thrombocytosis on a health checkup. Health Evaluation and Promotion, 2020; 47(4), 516–518.
  • Kaushansky K. The molecular mechanisms that control thrombopoiesis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2005; 115(12), 3339–3347.

Pediatrik yaş grubunda demir ve çinko eksiklikleri ile trombositoz arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 564 - 569, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1778708

Abstract

Amaç: Reaktif trombositoz, artmış megakaryosit aktivitesi veya azalmış trombosit yıkımı sonucu gelişebilir. Demir eksikliği, artmış trombosit üretimi ile sıkça ilişkilendirilirken, çinko eksikliğinin trombosit parametreleri üzerindeki etkisi belirsizdir. Bu çalışmada çocuklarda demir ve çinko eksikliklerinin trombosit indeksleri üzerindeki etkileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 36 kız, 37 erkek olmak üzere toplam 73 pediatrik hastada ferritin ve çinko düzeyleri ile ilişkili trombosit sayısı ve ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV) incelendi. Hastalar şu şekilde gruplandırıldı: Grup 1—normal ferritin ve çinko; Grup 2—düşük ferritin, normal çinko; Grup 3—normal ferritin, düşük çinko; Grup 4—düşük ferritin ve çinko İstatistiksel analizlerde, verilerin normal dağılımını değerlendirmek için Shapiro-Wilk ve Kolmogorov-Smirnov testlerini, ardından gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar için tek yönlü ANOVA ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar için Bonferroni düzeltmeli post-hoc pairwise t-testleri ve MPV ile trombosit sayısı ilişkisi için Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Trombosit sayısı ve MPV tüm gruplar arasında benzer bulundu ve çinko eksikliğinin doğrudan trombositoza etkisi saptanmadı. Çinko eksikliği olan hastalarda ferritin düzeyleri anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p < 0,05). MPV ile trombosit sayısı arasında orta düzeyde negatif korelasyon gözlendi (r = -0,548), MPV stratifikasyonu ile bu ilişki güçlendi (r = -0,841).
Sonuçlar: Çinko eksikliği bu çalışmada trombosit sayısında artışla ilişkili bulunmadı. Ancak ferritin düşüklüğü ile ilişkisi ve MPV-trombosit sayısı korelasyonu, iz elementlerin hematopoez üzerinde potansiyel etkilerini göstermektedir. Klinik olarak, çocuklarda trombosit parametrelerini değerlendirirken beslenme durumu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır ve bu etkileşimlerin netleştirilmesi için ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma TOBB ETU Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu 24.09.2024 tarih ve BAEK-18 sayılı kararla etik açıdan onaylanmıştır.

References

  • Scharfman JC, Gorfu Y, Berman B. Evaluation and management of thrombocytosis in children. Pediatrics in Review, 2023; 44(11), 621–632.
  • Martin C, Si-Tahar M, Gheldof D. Iron and platelets: A tale of two tales. Blood Reviews, 2022; 54, 100938.
  • Wessells KR, Brown KH. Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: Results based on available data and covering 38 countries. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7(11), e50509.
  • Little CB, Tarlton NK, Taylor KA. Zinc in platelet biology. Platelets, 2021; 32(4), 447–456.
  • Neubert P, Strasser E, Kremser C, Derler R, Hinterdorfer P, Weiss G. ZIP1/ZIP3 modulate platelet function and thrombosis via zinc homeostasis. Nature Communications, 2021; 12(1), 5623.
  • Mammadova-Bach E, Braun A. Zinc Homeostasis in Platelet-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2019; 20(21), 5258.
  • Rosado JL. Zinc and copper: proposed fortification levels and recommended zinc compounds. J Nutr, 2003; 133(9), 2985S–2989S.
  • Szewc M, Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Górska A, et al. The Role of Zinc and Copper in Platelet Activation and Pathophysiological Thrombus Formation in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism in the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biology (Basel), 2022; 11(5), 752.
  • Whittaker P. Iron and zinc interactions in humans. Am J Clin Nutr, 1998; 68(2 Suppl), 442S–446S.
  • Prasad AS. Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact on human health and disease. Advances in Nutrition, 2013; 4(2), 176–190.
  • Ahmed NS, Lopes-Pires M, Pugh N. Zinc: an endogenous and exogenous regulator of platelet function during hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelets, 2021; 32(7), 880–887.
  • Ahmed NS, Lopes Pires ME, Taylor KA, Pugh N. Agonist-Evoked Increases in Intra-Platelet Zinc Couple to Functional Responses. Thromb Haemost, 2019; 119(1), 128–139.
  • Sincan G, Erdem F, Bay İ, Sincan S. Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2022; 200(9), 3919–3924.
  • Alberio L. Do we need antiplatelet therapy in thrombocytosis? pro. Hämostaseologie, 2016; 36(04), 227–240.
  • Sarangi R, Pradhan S, Dhanawat A, Patanayak R, Benia G. Thrombocytosis in children: clinico-hematological profile from a single centre in eastern India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians, 2018; 10(01), 034–037.
  • Akan H, Guven N, Aydoğdu İ, Arat M, Beksac M, Dalva K. Thrombopoietic cytokines in patients with iron deficiency anemia with or without thrombocytosis. Acta Haematologica, 2000; 103(3), 152–156.
  • Ray S, Chandra J, Sharma S. Clinico-hematological study of abnormalities of platelet count in children with iron deficiency anemia. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2019; 6(4), 1519–1523.
  • Kawano S, Kato J, Kitamura K. Iron deficiency anemia with thrombocytosis on a health checkup. Health Evaluation and Promotion, 2020; 47(4), 516–518.
  • Kaushansky K. The molecular mechanisms that control thrombopoiesis. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2005; 115(12), 3339–3347.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nutritional Science, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Didem Özkan 0000-0003-4210-5073

Yasemın Ardıcoglu Akışın 0000-0002-4109-0220

Nejat Akar 0000-0001-8228-8885

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date September 5, 2025
Acceptance Date September 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özkan, D., Ardıcoglu Akışın, Y., & Akar, N. (2025). Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 16(3), 564-569. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1778708
AMA Özkan D, Ardıcoglu Akışın Y, Akar N. Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age. TJCL. September 2025;16(3):564-569. doi:10.18663/tjcl.1778708
Chicago Özkan, Didem, Yasemın Ardıcoglu Akışın, and Nejat Akar. “Unveiling the Link Between Iron–zinc Deficiencies and Thrombocytosis at Pediatric Age”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16, no. 3 (September 2025): 564-69. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1778708.
EndNote Özkan D, Ardıcoglu Akışın Y, Akar N (September 1, 2025) Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16 3 564–569.
IEEE D. Özkan, Y. Ardıcoglu Akışın, and N. Akar, “Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age”, TJCL, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 564–569, 2025, doi: 10.18663/tjcl.1778708.
ISNAD Özkan, Didem et al. “Unveiling the Link Between Iron–zinc Deficiencies and Thrombocytosis at Pediatric Age”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 16/3 (September2025), 564-569. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1778708.
JAMA Özkan D, Ardıcoglu Akışın Y, Akar N. Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age. TJCL. 2025;16:564–569.
MLA Özkan, Didem et al. “Unveiling the Link Between Iron–zinc Deficiencies and Thrombocytosis at Pediatric Age”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, vol. 16, no. 3, 2025, pp. 564-9, doi:10.18663/tjcl.1778708.
Vancouver Özkan D, Ardıcoglu Akışın Y, Akar N. Unveiling the link between iron–zinc deficiencies and thrombocytosis at pediatric age. TJCL. 2025;16(3):564-9.