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Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 26 - 39, 08.08.2018

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References

  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, Overview of oil and natural gas in the Eastern Mediterranean region, August 15, 2013 (accessed October 28, 2017); available from http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/Eastern_Mediterranean/eastern-mediterranean.pdf. The Economist, “The death of the internal combustion engine,” August 12, 2017 (accessed August 12, 2017); available from https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21726071-it-had-good-run-end-sight-machine-changed-world-death IHS Jane’s, “Maritime Security Through Partnership [IDEX17D2],” Richard Scott (accessed February 19, 2017); available from http://www.janes.com/article/67899/maritime-security-through-partnership-idex17d2. AllAfrica, “Somalia: A Solution to Somali Piracy Is in Sight - Local Communities Hold the Key,” Stephanie Carver, Monash University, March 29, 2017 (accessed April 2, 2017); available from http://allafrica.com/stories/201703300509.html. Prof. Niall Ferguson, “Roots of Conflict in the Middle East”, Harvard University, 2008 (accessed September 13, 2017) available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkezi_MnAZ8. Robert Kaplan, The Revenge of Geography, (New York: Random House, 2012), 301. Foreign Affairs, “The Clash of Civilizations?”, vol. 72, no. 3, Summer 1993, pp. 22-49, (accessed September 12, 2017) available from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/48950/samuel-p-huntington/the-clash-of-civilizations. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996. Prof. Anna Seleny, “International Politics: The Modern International System,” The Residency, Lecture 3, GMAP, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, 2014. Prof. Niall Ferguson, “Roots of Conflict in the Middle East”, Harvard University, 2008 (accessed September 13, 2017) available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkezi_MnAZ8. Diana Darke, My House in Damascus: An Inside View of the Syrian Crisis (London, Haus Publishing Ltd., 2016), 171. Peter Scwartz, “Roots of Conflict in the Middle East”, 2008 (accessed September 17, 2017) available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkezi_MnAZ8. Goldschmidt, Davidson, “A Concise History of the Middle East”, 9th ed., Westview Press, pp. 452, 2010. Robert Egnell, “A Western Insurgency in Afghanistan,” Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 70, 3rd Quarter, July 2013, pp. 8-14. Fitzalan Gorman, Non-State Actors, Terrorism and the United Nations: A Critical Analysis through three Case Studies Examining the United Nations’ Effectiveness in Addressing the Threat Imposed by Violent Non-State Actors, MA Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Alexandria, Virginia, 2009. Friends of Europe, “Debating Security Plus,” Hybrid & Asymmetric Warfare, September 27, 2017 (accessed September 28, 2017); available from https://www.civocracy.org/warfare. The Economist, “Trump’s Muddle East,” September 16, 2016 (accessed September 20, 2017); available from https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21728896-it-right-worry-about-irans-growing-influence-trump-administration-may-be-about. Doç. Dr. Ahmet Kasım Han, Manşet “Irak’taki sıcak gelişmeler” (Habertürk: İstanbul, 2017), 21:00; available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeTZOl27eRw. Dean James Stavridis, Admiral (Ret) USN, “Turkey’s Turn,” The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, April 10, 2014. Anders Norlen, Kerri Maddock, Giant gas field discovery in Egypt likely to impact global gas markets, McKinsey Solutions, September 2015, Energy Insights; available from https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/insights/discovery-of-gas-field-in-egypt’s-zohr.aspx Centre on Religion & Geopolitics, Hamas to dismantle administrative committee to increase cooperation with PA,” Analysis in Brief, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, September 22, 2017. Victor Kattan, “The Gas Fields of Gaza: A Gift or a Curse?,” Al Shabaka, April 24, 2012 (accessed October 8, 2017); available from https://al-shabaka.org/briefs/gas-fields-gaza-gift-or-curse/. The Economist, “The Palestinians Try to Reconcile,” October 5, 2017 (accessed October 8, 2017); available from https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile. Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, A European Perspective on the GCC Involvement in the Mediterranean in Light of the Arab Spring, The German Marshall Fund of the United States, December 2012, Mediterranean Policy Program (accessed October 4, 2017); available from http://www.gmfus.org/publications/gcc-mediterranean-light-arab-spring. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Overview of oil and natural gas in the Eastern MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanEastern Mediterranean region, August 15, 2013 (accessed September 21, 2017); available from http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/Eastern_Mediterranean/eastern-mediterranean.pdf John B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future, Bridging History and Future Security Policy, Stephen C. Calleya (London, Frank Cass Publishers, 286). Bloomberg, “Trans-Atlantic Mood Sours as Merkel Refutes Trump on Euro,” Patrick Donahue, Arne Defls (accessed February 1, 2017); available from https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-01-31/trump-adviser-blasts-germany-for-exploiting-undervalued-euro. The Economist, “An Insurgent in the White House,” February 2, 2017 (accessed February 4, 2017); available from http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21716026-donald-trump-rages-against-world-he-inherited-president-americas-allies-are-worriedand. Sada Middle East Analysis, Carnegie Endowment for Peace, “The Implications of a Trump Presidency for the Middle East,” 9 November 2016; available from: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/65054. Ed Husain, Ali Soufan, “Religion, Conflict, and Geopolitics in 2017,” Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, Centre on Religion & Geopolitics, March 17, 2017 (accessed March 20, 2017); available from http://www.religionandgeopolitics.org/crg-report/religion-conflict-and-geopolitics-2017 Foreign Policy, “Will the U.S. Embassy’s Move to Jerusalem Matter,” Will Inboden, December 6, 2017 (accessed December 9, 2017); available from http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/12/06/will-the-u-s-embassys-move-to-jerusalem-matter. Vassilis Paipais, Greek Expectations: Broaching the case for a European Exclusive Economic Zone, The London School of Economics and Political Science (accessed August 10, 2016); available from http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/eurocrisispress/2013/03/14/greek-expectations-broaching-the-case-for-a-european-exclusive-economic-zone/ Mac Thornberry and Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., “Preserving Primacy,” Foreign Affairs, Council on Foreign Relations, September/October Issue, 2016 (accessed August 21, 2016); available from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141444/daron-acemoglu/the-failed-autocrat. The European Geopolitical Forum, “New Russian Order in the Middle East?,” Dr.Cyril Widdershoven, 2017; available from http://gpf-europe.com/forum/?blog=security&id=181. Carnegie Europe, “NATO’s Southern Strategy at a Crossroad,” Sinan Ülgen, December 7, 2017 (accessed December 16, 2017); available from http://carnegieeurope.eu/2017/12/06/nato-s-southern-strategy-at-crossroads. Qamar Energy, “Russia and Saudi See Mutual Gains Through Closer Ties,” October Issue (October 17, 2017), 5 (accessed December 10, 2017); available from http://www.qamarenergy.com/sites/default/files/NEWSLETTER%20OCTOBER%202017%20-%20Final.pdf. Republic of Cyprus, 3rd Licensing Round – Hydrocarbon Exploration, Ministry of Energy, Commerce, Industry, and Tourism, December 21, 2016 (accessed May 5, 2017); available from: http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlhcarbon3_en/dmlhcarbon3_en?OpenDocument Mahmoud M.A. Abdou, “International Law of the Sea and Hydrocarbon Discoveries in the East Mediterranean,” The Centre for International and Maritime Boundaries, London Center for International Law Practice, September 2016, 15. Güne Başlarken ”Rum basını: Türkiye Kıbrıs Açıklarında Doğalgaz Keşfetti “ (CNN Türk: İstanbul, 2017) 07:00; available from https://www.cnnturk.com/videolar. John B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future, The Law of the Sea and Jurisdictional Issues in the Mediterranean, David Attard, Dominic Fenech (London, Frank Cass Publishers, 368). Qamar Energy, “Key MENA Energy Scorecard,” July Issue (August 18, 2017), 10. Carnegie Middle East Center, “Beyond Qatar Crisis,” David Livingston, Sagatom Saha, August 14, 2017 (accessed September 4, 2017); available from http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/72785. Ibid. Qamar Energy, “Key MENA Energy Scorecard”, August Issue (September 18, 2017), 9 (accessed September 28, 2017); available from http://qamarenergy.com/sites/default/files/August%20Newsletter%20v4%20(1).pdf. Al-Monitor, “Gas remains divisive issue in Mediterranean region,” November 2013 (accessed December 3, 2015); available from http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/business/2013/11/mediterranean-gas-disputes-egypt-turkey- israel.html
 Parikiaki, “EastMed Pipeline Envisaged to Be Highly Competitive by 2025,” December 6, 2017 (accessed December 10, 2017); available from http://www.parikiaki.com/2017/12/eastmed-pipeline-envisaged-to-be-highly-competitive-by-2025/. Oğuzhan Akyener, Sezayi Toprak, “Qatar Crisis and Energy,” Energy Policy Turkey, August 30, 2017 (accessed November 21, 2017); available from http://www.energypolicyturkey.com/qatar-crisis-and-energy/. IENE, “No Easy Path for Cyprus to Become an Energy Hub, Note Senior Officials at IENE-FMW Symposium,” Institute of Energy, November 1, 2017 (accessed November 21, 2017); available from http://www.iene.eu/no-easy-path-for-cyprus-to-become-an-energy-hub-note-senior-officials-at-iene-fmw-symposium-p3802.html. Oğuzhan Akyener, Ali Maraşlı, “Egypt Gas Export Potential up to 2050 & Regional Gas Policies,” Energy Policy Turkey, April, 2017 (accessed December 26, 2017); available from http://www.energypolicyturkey.com/egypt-gas-export-potential-up-to-2050-regional-gas-policies/. MENAFN.com, “Expert: Southern Gas Corridor efficient route for Israeli gas export,”AzerNews, August 30, 2017 (accessed September 5, 2017); available from: http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095792580&title=Expert-Southern-Gas-Corridor-efficient-route-for-Israeli-gas-export&src=RSS. Qamar Energy Newsletter, “Calypso Could Resurrect Cyprus’ Energy Sector,” Robin Mills, March Issue (March 18, 2018). UN, Charter of the United Nations, Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes, Article 36:3 (accessed November 22, 2016); available from http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-vi/. John B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future, The Law of the Sea and Jurisdictional Issues in the Mediterranean, David Attard, Dominic Fenech (London, Frank Cass Publishers, 368). UN, UNCLOS, Declarations and Statements, Division for Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea, October 19, 2013 (accessed November 22, 2016); available from http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_declarations.htm. Julian Kubilay Falkenberg, “Can Turkey Foster Regional Stability Under UNCLOS,” Turkish Policy Quarterly, Summer 2015, Volume 14, Number 2, 112. David J. Bederman, International Law Frameworks (New York, Thomson Reuters Foundation Press, 2010), 30. Necdet Karakurt, “Cyprus Energy Corridor,” Energy Policy Turkey, August 30, 2017 (accessed November 12, 2017); available from http://www.energypolicyturkey.com/cyprus-energy-corridor/. Financial Times, “Israel and Lebanon clash over maritime border amid oil interest,” John Reed, Erika Solomon, March 28, 2017 (accessed March 29, 2017); available from https://www.ft.com/content/0250eed4-1082-11e7-b030-768954394623. Qamar Energy Newsletter, “Key MENA Energy Scorecard,” Robin Mills, March Issue (March 18, 2017). Alexander L. George, Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis Management, Chapter 16: Strategies for Crisis Management (Colorado: Westview Press, 1991), 377-393. Mikaela D’Angelo, “Debating Security Plus,” Friends of Europe (September 27, 2017); available from https://www.civocracy.org/dsplus. Judy Dempsey, “NATO’s Eastern Flank and Its Future Relationship with Russia,” Carnegie Endowment for Peace, 24 October 2017 (accessed October 25, 2017); available from http://go.carnegieendowment.org/x0P001030f00nVP0So5F8Vs. Par Didier Ortolland, The Greco-Turkish dispute over the Aegean Sea: a possible solution?, April 10, 2009 (accessed Otober 25, 2017); available from http://www.diploweb.com/The-Greco-Turkish-dispute-over-the.html#nb6 Prof. Joel Trachtman, “International Loan Agreements and Project Financing,” International Business and Economic Law, Lecture 10, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, 2014. Mahmoud M.A. Abdou, “International Law of the Sea and Hydrocarbon Discoveries in the East Mediterranean,” The Centre for International and Maritime Boundaries, London Center for International Law Practice, September 2016, 9.

Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 26 - 39, 08.08.2018

Abstract

Issues
related to maritime claims, access, and the quest for energy resources have always
been considered as significant aspects of sea power, strategy and security. The
Eastern Mediterranean at the turn of the 21
st century is not an
exception to that, particularly in the light of recent hydrocarbon discoveries
in the region.
  This paper seeks to
examine the mounting instability in the Eastern Mediterranean particularly with
regards to rising energy geopolitics. By addressing a range of political, social,
military, and economic insecurity issues related to off-shore hydrocarbons,
this research highlights possible emergent threats, challenges, opportunities, and
responsibilities for related actors. 
The
paper conceptually views “hydrocarbon insecurity” within the broader context of
the term “security” itself. Intrinsically, the assessment recognizes the
essential maritime component in international relations and analyses issues
that illustrate how factors in the possession, supply, and distribution of
energy resources may impact the outlook of conflict and cooperation in the
region. It is argued that the intensive political engagement should be advanced
among conflicting parties to build confidence and resolve fundamental
differences over competing claims of maritime delimitation. This can reduce
risks and vulnerabilities associated with the endeavor of accessing, exploring,
and exploiting energy resources in the region. 
The paper ultimately seeks to discuss the instruments through which hydrocarbon
security challenges can be addressed such as advancement of regional security
order and of multilateral maritime security governance in the region,
particularly in reference to the role of regional alliances.

References

  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, Overview of oil and natural gas in the Eastern Mediterranean region, August 15, 2013 (accessed October 28, 2017); available from http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/Eastern_Mediterranean/eastern-mediterranean.pdf. The Economist, “The death of the internal combustion engine,” August 12, 2017 (accessed August 12, 2017); available from https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21726071-it-had-good-run-end-sight-machine-changed-world-death IHS Jane’s, “Maritime Security Through Partnership [IDEX17D2],” Richard Scott (accessed February 19, 2017); available from http://www.janes.com/article/67899/maritime-security-through-partnership-idex17d2. AllAfrica, “Somalia: A Solution to Somali Piracy Is in Sight - Local Communities Hold the Key,” Stephanie Carver, Monash University, March 29, 2017 (accessed April 2, 2017); available from http://allafrica.com/stories/201703300509.html. Prof. Niall Ferguson, “Roots of Conflict in the Middle East”, Harvard University, 2008 (accessed September 13, 2017) available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkezi_MnAZ8. Robert Kaplan, The Revenge of Geography, (New York: Random House, 2012), 301. Foreign Affairs, “The Clash of Civilizations?”, vol. 72, no. 3, Summer 1993, pp. 22-49, (accessed September 12, 2017) available from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/48950/samuel-p-huntington/the-clash-of-civilizations. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996. Prof. Anna Seleny, “International Politics: The Modern International System,” The Residency, Lecture 3, GMAP, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, 2014. Prof. Niall Ferguson, “Roots of Conflict in the Middle East”, Harvard University, 2008 (accessed September 13, 2017) available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkezi_MnAZ8. Diana Darke, My House in Damascus: An Inside View of the Syrian Crisis (London, Haus Publishing Ltd., 2016), 171. Peter Scwartz, “Roots of Conflict in the Middle East”, 2008 (accessed September 17, 2017) available from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkezi_MnAZ8. Goldschmidt, Davidson, “A Concise History of the Middle East”, 9th ed., Westview Press, pp. 452, 2010. Robert Egnell, “A Western Insurgency in Afghanistan,” Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 70, 3rd Quarter, July 2013, pp. 8-14. Fitzalan Gorman, Non-State Actors, Terrorism and the United Nations: A Critical Analysis through three Case Studies Examining the United Nations’ Effectiveness in Addressing the Threat Imposed by Violent Non-State Actors, MA Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Alexandria, Virginia, 2009. Friends of Europe, “Debating Security Plus,” Hybrid & Asymmetric Warfare, September 27, 2017 (accessed September 28, 2017); available from https://www.civocracy.org/warfare. The Economist, “Trump’s Muddle East,” September 16, 2016 (accessed September 20, 2017); available from https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21728896-it-right-worry-about-irans-growing-influence-trump-administration-may-be-about. Doç. Dr. Ahmet Kasım Han, Manşet “Irak’taki sıcak gelişmeler” (Habertürk: İstanbul, 2017), 21:00; available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeTZOl27eRw. Dean James Stavridis, Admiral (Ret) USN, “Turkey’s Turn,” The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, April 10, 2014. Anders Norlen, Kerri Maddock, Giant gas field discovery in Egypt likely to impact global gas markets, McKinsey Solutions, September 2015, Energy Insights; available from https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/insights/discovery-of-gas-field-in-egypt’s-zohr.aspx Centre on Religion & Geopolitics, Hamas to dismantle administrative committee to increase cooperation with PA,” Analysis in Brief, Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, September 22, 2017. Victor Kattan, “The Gas Fields of Gaza: A Gift or a Curse?,” Al Shabaka, April 24, 2012 (accessed October 8, 2017); available from https://al-shabaka.org/briefs/gas-fields-gaza-gift-or-curse/. The Economist, “The Palestinians Try to Reconcile,” October 5, 2017 (accessed October 8, 2017); available from https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21730026-latest-effort-likely-fail-palestinians-try-reconcile. Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, A European Perspective on the GCC Involvement in the Mediterranean in Light of the Arab Spring, The German Marshall Fund of the United States, December 2012, Mediterranean Policy Program (accessed October 4, 2017); available from http://www.gmfus.org/publications/gcc-mediterranean-light-arab-spring. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Overview of oil and natural gas in the Eastern MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanEastern Mediterranean region, August 15, 2013 (accessed September 21, 2017); available from http://www.eia.gov/countries/analysisbriefs/Eastern_Mediterranean/eastern-mediterranean.pdf John B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future, Bridging History and Future Security Policy, Stephen C. Calleya (London, Frank Cass Publishers, 286). Bloomberg, “Trans-Atlantic Mood Sours as Merkel Refutes Trump on Euro,” Patrick Donahue, Arne Defls (accessed February 1, 2017); available from https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-01-31/trump-adviser-blasts-germany-for-exploiting-undervalued-euro. The Economist, “An Insurgent in the White House,” February 2, 2017 (accessed February 4, 2017); available from http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21716026-donald-trump-rages-against-world-he-inherited-president-americas-allies-are-worriedand. Sada Middle East Analysis, Carnegie Endowment for Peace, “The Implications of a Trump Presidency for the Middle East,” 9 November 2016; available from: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/65054. Ed Husain, Ali Soufan, “Religion, Conflict, and Geopolitics in 2017,” Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, Centre on Religion & Geopolitics, March 17, 2017 (accessed March 20, 2017); available from http://www.religionandgeopolitics.org/crg-report/religion-conflict-and-geopolitics-2017 Foreign Policy, “Will the U.S. Embassy’s Move to Jerusalem Matter,” Will Inboden, December 6, 2017 (accessed December 9, 2017); available from http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/12/06/will-the-u-s-embassys-move-to-jerusalem-matter. Vassilis Paipais, Greek Expectations: Broaching the case for a European Exclusive Economic Zone, The London School of Economics and Political Science (accessed August 10, 2016); available from http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/eurocrisispress/2013/03/14/greek-expectations-broaching-the-case-for-a-european-exclusive-economic-zone/ Mac Thornberry and Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., “Preserving Primacy,” Foreign Affairs, Council on Foreign Relations, September/October Issue, 2016 (accessed August 21, 2016); available from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141444/daron-acemoglu/the-failed-autocrat. The European Geopolitical Forum, “New Russian Order in the Middle East?,” Dr.Cyril Widdershoven, 2017; available from http://gpf-europe.com/forum/?blog=security&id=181. Carnegie Europe, “NATO’s Southern Strategy at a Crossroad,” Sinan Ülgen, December 7, 2017 (accessed December 16, 2017); available from http://carnegieeurope.eu/2017/12/06/nato-s-southern-strategy-at-crossroads. Qamar Energy, “Russia and Saudi See Mutual Gains Through Closer Ties,” October Issue (October 17, 2017), 5 (accessed December 10, 2017); available from http://www.qamarenergy.com/sites/default/files/NEWSLETTER%20OCTOBER%202017%20-%20Final.pdf. Republic of Cyprus, 3rd Licensing Round – Hydrocarbon Exploration, Ministry of Energy, Commerce, Industry, and Tourism, December 21, 2016 (accessed May 5, 2017); available from: http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlhcarbon3_en/dmlhcarbon3_en?OpenDocument Mahmoud M.A. Abdou, “International Law of the Sea and Hydrocarbon Discoveries in the East Mediterranean,” The Centre for International and Maritime Boundaries, London Center for International Law Practice, September 2016, 15. Güne Başlarken ”Rum basını: Türkiye Kıbrıs Açıklarında Doğalgaz Keşfetti “ (CNN Türk: İstanbul, 2017) 07:00; available from https://www.cnnturk.com/videolar. John B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future, The Law of the Sea and Jurisdictional Issues in the Mediterranean, David Attard, Dominic Fenech (London, Frank Cass Publishers, 368). Qamar Energy, “Key MENA Energy Scorecard,” July Issue (August 18, 2017), 10. Carnegie Middle East Center, “Beyond Qatar Crisis,” David Livingston, Sagatom Saha, August 14, 2017 (accessed September 4, 2017); available from http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/72785. Ibid. Qamar Energy, “Key MENA Energy Scorecard”, August Issue (September 18, 2017), 9 (accessed September 28, 2017); available from http://qamarenergy.com/sites/default/files/August%20Newsletter%20v4%20(1).pdf. Al-Monitor, “Gas remains divisive issue in Mediterranean region,” November 2013 (accessed December 3, 2015); available from http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/business/2013/11/mediterranean-gas-disputes-egypt-turkey- israel.html
 Parikiaki, “EastMed Pipeline Envisaged to Be Highly Competitive by 2025,” December 6, 2017 (accessed December 10, 2017); available from http://www.parikiaki.com/2017/12/eastmed-pipeline-envisaged-to-be-highly-competitive-by-2025/. Oğuzhan Akyener, Sezayi Toprak, “Qatar Crisis and Energy,” Energy Policy Turkey, August 30, 2017 (accessed November 21, 2017); available from http://www.energypolicyturkey.com/qatar-crisis-and-energy/. IENE, “No Easy Path for Cyprus to Become an Energy Hub, Note Senior Officials at IENE-FMW Symposium,” Institute of Energy, November 1, 2017 (accessed November 21, 2017); available from http://www.iene.eu/no-easy-path-for-cyprus-to-become-an-energy-hub-note-senior-officials-at-iene-fmw-symposium-p3802.html. Oğuzhan Akyener, Ali Maraşlı, “Egypt Gas Export Potential up to 2050 & Regional Gas Policies,” Energy Policy Turkey, April, 2017 (accessed December 26, 2017); available from http://www.energypolicyturkey.com/egypt-gas-export-potential-up-to-2050-regional-gas-policies/. MENAFN.com, “Expert: Southern Gas Corridor efficient route for Israeli gas export,”AzerNews, August 30, 2017 (accessed September 5, 2017); available from: http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.aspx?storyid=1095792580&title=Expert-Southern-Gas-Corridor-efficient-route-for-Israeli-gas-export&src=RSS. Qamar Energy Newsletter, “Calypso Could Resurrect Cyprus’ Energy Sector,” Robin Mills, March Issue (March 18, 2018). UN, Charter of the United Nations, Chapter VI: Pacific Settlement of Disputes, Article 36:3 (accessed November 22, 2016); available from http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-vi/. John B. Hattendorf, Naval Policy and Strategy in the Mediterranean: Past, Present, and Future, The Law of the Sea and Jurisdictional Issues in the Mediterranean, David Attard, Dominic Fenech (London, Frank Cass Publishers, 368). UN, UNCLOS, Declarations and Statements, Division for Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea, October 19, 2013 (accessed November 22, 2016); available from http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_declarations.htm. Julian Kubilay Falkenberg, “Can Turkey Foster Regional Stability Under UNCLOS,” Turkish Policy Quarterly, Summer 2015, Volume 14, Number 2, 112. David J. Bederman, International Law Frameworks (New York, Thomson Reuters Foundation Press, 2010), 30. Necdet Karakurt, “Cyprus Energy Corridor,” Energy Policy Turkey, August 30, 2017 (accessed November 12, 2017); available from http://www.energypolicyturkey.com/cyprus-energy-corridor/. Financial Times, “Israel and Lebanon clash over maritime border amid oil interest,” John Reed, Erika Solomon, March 28, 2017 (accessed March 29, 2017); available from https://www.ft.com/content/0250eed4-1082-11e7-b030-768954394623. Qamar Energy Newsletter, “Key MENA Energy Scorecard,” Robin Mills, March Issue (March 18, 2017). Alexander L. George, Avoiding War: Problems of Crisis Management, Chapter 16: Strategies for Crisis Management (Colorado: Westview Press, 1991), 377-393. Mikaela D’Angelo, “Debating Security Plus,” Friends of Europe (September 27, 2017); available from https://www.civocracy.org/dsplus. Judy Dempsey, “NATO’s Eastern Flank and Its Future Relationship with Russia,” Carnegie Endowment for Peace, 24 October 2017 (accessed October 25, 2017); available from http://go.carnegieendowment.org/x0P001030f00nVP0So5F8Vs. Par Didier Ortolland, The Greco-Turkish dispute over the Aegean Sea: a possible solution?, April 10, 2009 (accessed Otober 25, 2017); available from http://www.diploweb.com/The-Greco-Turkish-dispute-over-the.html#nb6 Prof. Joel Trachtman, “International Loan Agreements and Project Financing,” International Business and Economic Law, Lecture 10, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, 2014. Mahmoud M.A. Abdou, “International Law of the Sea and Hydrocarbon Discoveries in the East Mediterranean,” The Centre for International and Maritime Boundaries, London Center for International Law Practice, September 2016, 9.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Suha Cubukcuoglu

Salih Saner This is me

Publication Date August 8, 2018
Submission Date March 13, 2018
Acceptance Date May 24, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Cubukcuoglu, S., & Saner, S. (2018). Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy, 3(6), 26-39.
AMA Cubukcuoglu S, Saner S. Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources. TJEP. August 2018;3(6):26-39.
Chicago Cubukcuoglu, Suha, and Salih Saner. “Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources”. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy 3, no. 6 (August 2018): 26-39.
EndNote Cubukcuoglu S, Saner S (August 1, 2018) Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy 3 6 26–39.
IEEE S. Cubukcuoglu and S. Saner, “Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources”, TJEP, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 26–39, 2018.
ISNAD Cubukcuoglu, Suha - Saner, Salih. “Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources”. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy 3/6 (August 2018), 26-39.
JAMA Cubukcuoglu S, Saner S. Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources. TJEP. 2018;3:26–39.
MLA Cubukcuoglu, Suha and Salih Saner. “Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources”. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy, vol. 3, no. 6, 2018, pp. 26-39.
Vancouver Cubukcuoglu S, Saner S. Aspects of Hydrocarbon Insecurity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Maritime Claims, Access, and Quest for Energy Resources. TJEP. 2018;3(6):26-39.