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Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 17 - 25, 08.08.2018

Abstract

After the
global oil crisis, especially after the interruption of natural gas flow coming
through Ukraine, the attempts to improve the energy policy in European Union
accelerated. The dependency of European Union on external sources has damaged
the trust for sustainable energy supply in Europe.



As a result of such lessening trust for energy
supply, the European Union authorities have concentrated on diversification of
the energy supply sources. Especially, authorities of European Commission  started to design  energy policy after crisis of natural gas
transfer from Ukraine.  Accordingly, the
rebuilding of the trust for energy supply requires to increase European
Commission role in the making of energy policy.  

References

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European Energy Programme for Recovery-EEPR, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:en0012, (04.06.2018). European Commission, (2015). Towards Energy Union: The Commission Presents Sustainable Energy Security Package, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-307_en.htm, (04.06.2018).European Commission, (2017a). Implementation Roadmap Regulation (EU) 2017/1938, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/20170914_roadmap_implementation_web.pdf, (25.05.2018).European Commission, (2017b). Quarterly Report of European Electric Market, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q4_2017_final.pdf/, (28.05.2018).European Council, (2014). 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/145397.pdf, (25.05.2018).European Parliament, (2015). Briefing: 'Monti' Group's First Assessment of EU Own Resources, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/548979/EPRS _BRI %282015%29548979_REV1_EN.pdf, (04.06.2018).European Parliament, (2016a). Briefing: Public expectations and EU policies, https://www.eesc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/briefing_energy_supply_security.pdf, (04.06.2018).European Parliament, (2016b). Briefing: EU strategy for LNG and Gas Storage, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/583800/EPRS_BRI(2016)583800_EN.pdf, (04.06.2018).European Parliament, (2016c). Briefing: EU Heating and Cooling Strategy, A Path to Decarbonising Homes and Industry, http://www.europarl.europa.eu /RegData/ etudes/ BRIE/2016/582023/EPRS_BRI(2016)582023_EN.pdf, (04.06.2018). European Union, (2012). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ PDF/?uri= CELEX:12012 E/TXT &from=EN, (04.06.2018).GALSI, (2018). Galsi Pipeline, https://www.edison.it/en/galsi-pipeline, (20.05.2018).Gumpel, W., (2003). Alternatives to Oil İmported from OPEC Countries, Oil and Gas Imported from Soviet Union, Energy in the European Communities, Edited By: Frans A. M. Alting Von Geusau, Publications of the John F. Kennedy Institute Center for International Studies, p. 137-150.Gunther, K., (2004). Energy Security and Conflict with Other Values, Energy Security Managing Risk in a Dyanamic Legal and Regulatory Enviornment, Edited By: Bary Barton, Catherine Redgewell, Anita, Ronne, Donald N. Zilmann, Oxford University Press.Gupta, E. (2008). Oil vulnerability index of oil‐importing countries. Energy Policy, 36(3), p.1195‐ 1211.Helm, D. R., (2004). Energy, the State and the Market: British Energy Market since 1970, Credible Energy Policy, Meeting the Challenges of Security of Supply and Climate Change. Policy Exchange, p. 1-66. IEA, (2018). Defining Energy Security, International Energy Agency, https://www.iea.org /topics/energysecurity/whatisenergysecurity/, (31.05.2018).Kaunert, C., (2010a). The area of freedom, security and justice in the Lisbon Treaty: Commission policy entrepreneurship?. European Security, 19(2), p. 169-189. Kaunert, C., (2010b). European Internal Security: Towards Supranational Governance in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice? Manchester University Press, Manchester.Keppler, J.H., (2007). International relations and security of energy supply: Risks to continuity and geopolitical risks, Brussels: Directorate General External Policies of the Union. European Parliament. Kingdon, J. W., (1995). Agenda, Alternatives, and Public Policies, Second Edit, Longman, London.Kirstyn, I., (2008). Anticipating New Union Competences in Energy. The Journal of European and Competitive Law, 15(1), p. 125-135.Konstadinides, T., (2011). Civil Protection in Europe and the Lisbon Solidarity Clause: A Genuine Legal Concept or an Article Exercise. Uppsala Faculty of Law Working Paper, 2011: 3, Mart 2011, https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:413624/FULLTEXT01.pdf, (05.01 .2018).Laffan, B., (1997). From Policy Entrepreneur to Policy Manager: The Challenge Facing the European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, 2(3), p. 422-438.Leitner, H., (1997). Reconfiguring the Spatiality of Power: The Construction of a Supranational Migration Framework for the European Union, Political Geography, 16(2), p. 123-143.MEDGAZ, (2018). Introduction, https://www.medgaz.com/medgaz/pages/claves_intro-eng.htm, (20.05.2018).Moravcsik, A., (1999), New statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation, International Organization, The IO Foundation and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 53(2), p. 267–306.Niemann, A., Schmitter, P., (2009). Theories of European Integration, In Neo-Functionalism (Edits Wiener, A., Diez, T.), Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Pierson, P., (1996). The Path to European integration: A historical institutionalist Analysis. Program for the Study of Germany and Europe Working Paper, No. 5.2, p. 1-44.Princen, S., Rhinard, M., (2006). Crashing and Creeping: Agenda Setting Dynamics in the European Union, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(7), p. 1119–1132.Rhinard, M., (2010). Framing Europe: The Policy Shaping Strategies of the European Commission, Journal of Contemporary European, 7(3), p. 416-427.Roeben, V., (2017), Towards a European Energy Union: Eurpean Energy Strategy in Internatinal Law, Combridge University Press. Scharpf, F., (1999). Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic?, Oxford University Press, Oxford.TAP, (2018). Southern Gas Corridor, Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/the-big-picture/southern-gas-corridor, (28.05.2018).Torriti, J., (2008). Does the Impact Assesment on the Third Package Provide the Correct Economic Forecast for the Liberalisation of the EU Energy Market? European University Institute Working Paper, Badia Fiesolana, Mayıs 2008, RS- CAS2008/14, p. 1-21.U.S. Chamber of Commerce, (2010). Index of U. S. Energy Security Risk: Assessing America’s Vulnerabilities in a Global Energy Market, Technical Report, U. S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC.Wallace, H., (2002). The Council: an Institutional Chameleon?. Governance, 15(3), p. 325–344.
Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, 17 - 25, 08.08.2018

Abstract

References

  • ACER, (2018). Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators, https://www.acer.europa.eu/en/Pages/default.aspx, (20.05.2018).APERC, (2017). A Quest for Energy Aecurity in the 21 st Century, Asia Pacific Energy Research Center, http://aperc.ieej.or.jp/file/2010/9/26/APERC_ 2007_A_Quest_for_Energy_ Security.pdf/, (02.06.2018) Aydın, L., (2016). Enerji Ekonomisi ve Politikaları: Kuram ve Kavramlar, Piyasalar. Modeller, Politikalar, Güncellenmiş 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi, Ankara. Bauer, M., (2002). Limitations to Agency Control in European Union Policy Making: The Commission and the Poverty Programmes. Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(3), p. 381-400.Belyi, Andrei, V., (2007). The EU’s External Energy Policy. Energy Law in Europe, Edited By: Martha Roggenkamp, Ingua Del Guayo, Anita Ronne, Catherine Redgwell, Oxford University Press, p. 191-220.Bulmer, S., (2009). Politics in Time Meets the Politics of Time: Historical Institutionalism and the EU Timescape. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(2), p. 307–324.De Jong, J., (2008). The 2007 Energy Package: The Start of a New Era?, European Energy Law Report V. Editors: Martha M. Roggenkamp, UIF Hammer, Belgium, Intersentia Publishers, p. 95-107.Dutton, J., (2015). EU Energy Policy and the Third Package, EPG Working Paper, No 1505, p. 1-28., http://ukerc.rl.ac.uk/UCAT/PUBLICATIONS/EU_energy_policy_and_the_third_package.pdf, (11.01.2018).EEA, (2018). COM(2006)105 final. Green Paper on a European Strategy for sustainable, competitive, and secure energy. European Commission, European Environment Agency, https://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/com-2006-105-final.-green/, (24. 02.2018).Egeberg, M., (2006). Europe’s Executive Branch of Government in the melting Pot: An Overview, Egeberg, M., (Ed.), Multilevel Union Administration. The Transformation of Executive Politics in Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills.EU, (2008). EU Energy Security and Solidarity Action Plan: 2nd Strategic Energy Review, European Union, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-08-703_en.pdf, EUR-Lex, (2018a). Directive 2003/54/EC, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62014CA0492, (25.05.2018).EUR-Lex, (2018b). The Treaty of Lisbon: introduction, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:ai0033&from=EN/, (25.05.2018).European Commission, (2008). Memo on the Renewable Energy and Climate Change Package, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-08-33_en.htm/, (28.05.2018).European Commission, (2014a). European Energy Security Strategy, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0330&from=EN/, (25.05.2018).European Commission, (2014b). Gas Stress Test: Cooperation is Key to Cope with Supply Interruption, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/IP-14-1162_EN.pdf/, (27.05.2018).European Commission, (2015). European Energy Programme for Recovery-EEPR, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:en0012, (04.06.2018). European Commission, (2015). Towards Energy Union: The Commission Presents Sustainable Energy Security Package, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-307_en.htm, (04.06.2018).European Commission, (2017a). Implementation Roadmap Regulation (EU) 2017/1938, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/20170914_roadmap_implementation_web.pdf, (25.05.2018).European Commission, (2017b). Quarterly Report of European Electric Market, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q4_2017_final.pdf/, (28.05.2018).European Council, (2014). 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/145397.pdf, (25.05.2018).European Parliament, (2015). Briefing: 'Monti' Group's First Assessment of EU Own Resources, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2015/548979/EPRS _BRI %282015%29548979_REV1_EN.pdf, (04.06.2018).European Parliament, (2016a). Briefing: Public expectations and EU policies, https://www.eesc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/files/briefing_energy_supply_security.pdf, (04.06.2018).European Parliament, (2016b). Briefing: EU strategy for LNG and Gas Storage, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/583800/EPRS_BRI(2016)583800_EN.pdf, (04.06.2018).European Parliament, (2016c). Briefing: EU Heating and Cooling Strategy, A Path to Decarbonising Homes and Industry, http://www.europarl.europa.eu /RegData/ etudes/ BRIE/2016/582023/EPRS_BRI(2016)582023_EN.pdf, (04.06.2018). European Union, (2012). Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ PDF/?uri= CELEX:12012 E/TXT &from=EN, (04.06.2018).GALSI, (2018). Galsi Pipeline, https://www.edison.it/en/galsi-pipeline, (20.05.2018).Gumpel, W., (2003). Alternatives to Oil İmported from OPEC Countries, Oil and Gas Imported from Soviet Union, Energy in the European Communities, Edited By: Frans A. M. Alting Von Geusau, Publications of the John F. Kennedy Institute Center for International Studies, p. 137-150.Gunther, K., (2004). Energy Security and Conflict with Other Values, Energy Security Managing Risk in a Dyanamic Legal and Regulatory Enviornment, Edited By: Bary Barton, Catherine Redgewell, Anita, Ronne, Donald N. Zilmann, Oxford University Press.Gupta, E. (2008). Oil vulnerability index of oil‐importing countries. Energy Policy, 36(3), p.1195‐ 1211.Helm, D. R., (2004). Energy, the State and the Market: British Energy Market since 1970, Credible Energy Policy, Meeting the Challenges of Security of Supply and Climate Change. Policy Exchange, p. 1-66. IEA, (2018). Defining Energy Security, International Energy Agency, https://www.iea.org /topics/energysecurity/whatisenergysecurity/, (31.05.2018).Kaunert, C., (2010a). The area of freedom, security and justice in the Lisbon Treaty: Commission policy entrepreneurship?. European Security, 19(2), p. 169-189. Kaunert, C., (2010b). European Internal Security: Towards Supranational Governance in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice? Manchester University Press, Manchester.Keppler, J.H., (2007). International relations and security of energy supply: Risks to continuity and geopolitical risks, Brussels: Directorate General External Policies of the Union. European Parliament. Kingdon, J. W., (1995). Agenda, Alternatives, and Public Policies, Second Edit, Longman, London.Kirstyn, I., (2008). Anticipating New Union Competences in Energy. The Journal of European and Competitive Law, 15(1), p. 125-135.Konstadinides, T., (2011). Civil Protection in Europe and the Lisbon Solidarity Clause: A Genuine Legal Concept or an Article Exercise. Uppsala Faculty of Law Working Paper, 2011: 3, Mart 2011, https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:413624/FULLTEXT01.pdf, (05.01 .2018).Laffan, B., (1997). From Policy Entrepreneur to Policy Manager: The Challenge Facing the European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, 2(3), p. 422-438.Leitner, H., (1997). Reconfiguring the Spatiality of Power: The Construction of a Supranational Migration Framework for the European Union, Political Geography, 16(2), p. 123-143.MEDGAZ, (2018). Introduction, https://www.medgaz.com/medgaz/pages/claves_intro-eng.htm, (20.05.2018).Moravcsik, A., (1999), New statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation, International Organization, The IO Foundation and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 53(2), p. 267–306.Niemann, A., Schmitter, P., (2009). Theories of European Integration, In Neo-Functionalism (Edits Wiener, A., Diez, T.), Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Pierson, P., (1996). The Path to European integration: A historical institutionalist Analysis. Program for the Study of Germany and Europe Working Paper, No. 5.2, p. 1-44.Princen, S., Rhinard, M., (2006). Crashing and Creeping: Agenda Setting Dynamics in the European Union, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(7), p. 1119–1132.Rhinard, M., (2010). Framing Europe: The Policy Shaping Strategies of the European Commission, Journal of Contemporary European, 7(3), p. 416-427.Roeben, V., (2017), Towards a European Energy Union: Eurpean Energy Strategy in Internatinal Law, Combridge University Press. Scharpf, F., (1999). Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic?, Oxford University Press, Oxford.TAP, (2018). Southern Gas Corridor, Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), https://www.tap-ag.com/the-pipeline/the-big-picture/southern-gas-corridor, (28.05.2018).Torriti, J., (2008). Does the Impact Assesment on the Third Package Provide the Correct Economic Forecast for the Liberalisation of the EU Energy Market? European University Institute Working Paper, Badia Fiesolana, Mayıs 2008, RS- CAS2008/14, p. 1-21.U.S. Chamber of Commerce, (2010). Index of U. S. Energy Security Risk: Assessing America’s Vulnerabilities in a Global Energy Market, Technical Report, U. S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC.Wallace, H., (2002). The Council: an Institutional Chameleon?. Governance, 15(3), p. 325–344.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Younes Gholizadeh

Müslime Narin

Publication Date August 8, 2018
Submission Date August 8, 2018
Acceptance Date August 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Gholizadeh, Y., & Narin, M. (2018). Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy, 3(6), 17-25.
AMA Gholizadeh Y, Narin M. Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security. TJEP. August 2018;3(6):17-25.
Chicago Gholizadeh, Younes, and Müslime Narin. “Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation With Regard to the Energy Supply Security”. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy 3, no. 6 (August 2018): 17-25.
EndNote Gholizadeh Y, Narin M (August 1, 2018) Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy 3 6 17–25.
IEEE Y. Gholizadeh and M. Narin, “Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security”, TJEP, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 17–25, 2018.
ISNAD Gholizadeh, Younes - Narin, Müslime. “Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation With Regard to the Energy Supply Security”. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy 3/6 (August 2018), 17-25.
JAMA Gholizadeh Y, Narin M. Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security. TJEP. 2018;3:17–25.
MLA Gholizadeh, Younes and Müslime Narin. “Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation With Regard to the Energy Supply Security”. Turkish Journal of Energy Policy, vol. 3, no. 6, 2018, pp. 17-25.
Vancouver Gholizadeh Y, Narin M. Energy Policy of European Union: An Evaluation with regard to the Energy Supply Security. TJEP. 2018;3(6):17-25.