Kağıt geri dönüşüm atık sularının mikrodalga teknolojisi ile arıtılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, atık kağıt geri dönüşümü esnasında oluşan atık suyun bertaraf edilmesinde alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak, ev tipi mikrodalga fırınından faydalanılmıştır. Laboratuvar şartlarında hazırlanmış kâğıt geri dönüşüm atık sularına önceden belirlenmiş mikrodalga parametreleri (güç ve zaman) uygulanarak, seçilen deneysel parametrelerin değişimleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Ölçülen tüm pH değerlerinin, arıtma koşullarından bağımsız olarak, pH 7.10 (BII) ile pH 7.53 (DIV) arasında çok dar ve hafif alkali aralıkta (>7.0) olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca en yüksek Elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) farkının da 46 µS/cm olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Mikrodalga işleminde uygulanan dört güç seviyesinin (90-, 180-, 270-, 360 Watt) en uzun işlem zamanında (60 saniye), kontrolden (C1: 195 mV) daha yüksek ORP değerleri gözlemlenmişken, ORP değeri 213 mV olan (360 W ve 60 saniye (DIV) örnek en yüksek değeri vermiştir. Ayrıca, örnek DIV'nin en yüksek pH, EC, ORP ve TDS değerini (181 ppm) göstermesi dikkat çekicidir. Kontrol örneğinin bulanıklık değeri 42.5 NTU bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, tüm MW güç seviyelerinde ve sürelerinde, MW'nin bulanıklık üzerinde bulanıklık giderimi etkisinin oldukça belirgin olduğu hesaplanmıştır. 22.2 NTU ile en düşük bulanıklık değeri yani en yüksek bulanıklık giderimi, yine örnek DIV ile bulunmuştur (DIV: %86.2). Bu çalışma ile, MW ışınlamasının, atık kağıt geri dönüşüm esnasından oluşan atık su kalitesinin tanımlanmasına yardımcı olabilmesi ve seçilmiş fizikokimyasal parametrelerle değişimlerin ölçülebilmesi bakımından önemlidir.

Keywords

• Mikrodalga
• Atık su
• Kâğıt geri dönüşüm
• Bulanıklık

Treatment of paper recycling wastewater using microwave technology

Abstract

In this study, we conducted a novel method by using a household type Microwave Owen (MW) under selected operational parameters (power and time) to treat wastewater from paper recycling under laboratory conditions. We seek to evaluate changes of the MW experimental parameters, comparatively. All measured pH values were found to be in very narrow range, between pH 7.10 (BII) and pH 7.53 (DIV), in slightly alkaline range (>7.0). However, the highest Electrical Conductivity (EC) difference was found to be 46 µS/cm. The 60 seconds MW irradiated samples at four power levels (90-, 180-, 270-, 360 Watts) showed higher ORP values than control (C1: 195 mV) while the highest ORP value of 213 mV was found with sample treated 360 W and 60 seconds (DIV). It is notable that sample DIV showed the highest pH, EC, ORP and TDS value. The control sample had turbidity value of 42.5 NTU. In all MW power levels and durations, turbidity removal was apparent which MW impact on turbidity. The lowest turbidity value of 22.2 NTU was found with sample DIV which was the highest rate of turbidity removal efficiency (DIV: 86.2%). The present study revealed that MW irradiation could be used to effectively reduce the selected physicochemical parameters that may assist in the description of wastewater quality.

Keywords

• Microwave
• Wastewater
• Paper recycling
• Turbidity

References

1. Annadurai, G., Juang, R.S., Lee D.J., 2002. Use of cellulose-based waste for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B92: 263-274.
2. Bazrafshan, E., Kord Mostafapour, F., 2013. Evaluation of color removal of Methylene blue from aqueous solutions using plant stem ash of Persica. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 4(4): 523-532.
3. Çevik, M., 2021. Investigation of the changes in electrical conductivity values and rheological properties of poppy flower syrup (Turkish, abstract in English, Gıda, 46(4): 992-1001.
4. Chandegara, V.K., Varshney, A.K., 2014. Effect of centrifuge speed on gel extraction from aloe vera leaves. Journal of Food Processing & Technology, 5: 1-6.
5. Choy, S.Y., Prasad, K.N., Wu, T.Y., Raghunandan, M.E., Ramanan, R.N., 2016. Performance of conventional starches as natural coagulants for turbidity removal. Ecological Engineering, 94: 352-364. Huang, L., Logan, B.E., 2008. Electricity generation and treatment of paper recycling wastewater using a microbial fuel cell. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 80(2): 349-355.
6. Hubbe, M. A., Metts, J.R., Hermosilla, D., Blanco, M.A., Yerushalmi, L., Haghighat, F., Lindholm-Lehto, P., Khodaparast, Z., Kamali, M., Elliot, A., 2016. Wastewater treatment and reclamation: A review of pulp and paper industry practices and opportunities. BioResources, 11(3): 7953-8091.
7. Izadi, A., Hosseini, M., Najafpour Darzi, G., Nabi Bidhendi, G., Pajoum Shariati, F., 2018. Treatment of paper-recycling wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminum and iron electrodes. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 16(2): 257-264.
8. Janoš, P., Coskun, S., Pilařová, V., Rejnek, J., 2009. Removal of basic (Methylene Blue) and acid (Egacid Orange) dyes from waters by sorption on chemically treated wood shavings. Bioresource Technology, 100(3): 1450-1453.

9. Kamali, M., Khodaparast, Z., 2015. Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 114: 326-342.
10. Kaškonienė, V., Venskutonis, P.R., Čeksterytė, V., 2010. Carbohydrate composition and electrical conductivity of different origin honeys from Lithuania. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43(5): 801-807.
11. Kim, C., Hung, Y.C., Brackett, R.E., 2000. Roles of oxidation–reduction potential in electrolyzed oxidizing and chemically modified water for the inactivation of food-related pathogens. Journal of Food Protection, 63(1): 19-24.
12. Majekodunmi, S.O., 2015. A review on centrifugation in the pharmaceutical industry. American Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 5(2): 67-78.
13. Nasser, M.S., Twaiq, F.A., Onaizi, S.A., 2013. Effect of polyelectrolytes on the degree of flocculation of papermaking suspensions. Separation and Purification Technology, 103: 43–52.
14. Orsat, V., Raghavan, V., Meda, V., 2005. Microwave technology for food processing: an overview. The Microwave Processing of Foods, 105-118.
15. Ozcelik, G., Sahin, H.T., 2021. A study on microwave exposure effects on surface coating properties of linden (Tilia cordata) and spruce (Picea abies) woods. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 24(5): 19-29.
16. Ozkan, U., Bayram, O., Göde, F., Coskun, S., Sahin, H.T., 2023. Application of response surface methodology (rsm) for optimizing turbidity of paper recycling wastewater using microwave technology. Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, 13(1): 13-22.
17. Pokhrel, D., Viraraghavan, T., 2004. Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater a review. Science of The Total Environment, 333(1-3): 37-58.
18. Remya, N., Lin, J.G., 2011. Current status of microwave application in wastewater treatment - A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 166(3): 797-813.
19. Toczyłowska-Mamińska, R., 2017. Limits and perspectives of pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment- A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78: 764-772.
20. TS EN ISO (7027). Su kalitesi - Bulanıklık tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara
21. Valix, M., Cheung, W.H., McKay, G., 2004. Preparation of activated carbon using low temperature carbonisation and physical activation of high ash raw bagasse for acid dye adsorption. Chemosphere, 56(5): 493-501.
22. Wang, N., Wang, P., 2016. Study and application status of microwave in organic wastewater treatment - A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 283:193-214.
23. Wei, R., Wang, P., Zhang, G., Wang, N., Zheng, T., 2020. Microwave-responsive catalysts for wastewater treatment: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 382: 122781.
24. Zedan, T., Mossad, M., Fouad, M., Mahanna, H., 2022. Potential application of natural coagulant extraction from walnut seeds for water turbidity removal. Water Practice & Technology, 17(3): 684-698.