Effect of various reinforcements modified with sodium hydroxide on mechanical and physical properties of epoxy based composites

Abstract

In this study; physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-natural fibre composites were investigated in relation to fibre type, reinforcement structure and alkali modification of the fibres. Woven and non-woven (mat) textile surfaces were used as reinforcing materials. The reinforcement used consists of hemp and jute fibres. Modification process was applied to the fibres in 5% NaOH solution. Composite samples were produced in 8 different combinations by vacuum infusion method. Tensile strength, modulus of elasticity in tension, elongation at break, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, impact resistance, water absorption properties and density values were investigated. As a result of the study, higher tensile, flexural and impact resistance was determined in the composites produced with the use of woven fabric compared to the use of mat. On the other hand, composites produced with woven fabrics showed higher water absorption properties. When the composites produced with woven fabrics were examined; it was observed that the samples containing hemp fibre exhibited higher mechanical properties than the samples containing jute fibre. In the composites produced with mat; the samples containing jute fibre exhibited higher mechanical properties than the samples containing hemp fibre. The matrix/reinforcement ratio of composites manufactured could not be kept constant as a result of the use of vacuum infusion method in composite production and the effect of other variables. As a result of alkali modification and usage of mat, it was found that the reinforcement ratio of composites decreased. It was observed that the mechanical properties of composites improved with the increase in the reinforcement ratio, as well as the water absorption properties of the composites.

Keywords

• Alkali treatment
• Natural fibres
• Epoxy
• Hemp
• Jute
• Technical textiles

Epoksi esaslı kompozitlerin mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerine sodyum hidroksit ile modifiye edilmiş farklı güçlendirici malzemelerin etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; epoksi- doğal lif kompozitlerinin fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine lif türü, güçlendirici malzeme yapısı ve kullanılan liflerin alkali ile modifikasyonu işleminin etkileri incelenmiştir. Güçlendirici malzeme olarak; dokuma ve dokuma olmayan (keçe) yapıdaki tekstil yüzeyler kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan güçlendirici malzemeler kenevir ve jüt liflerinden elde edilmiştir. Liflere %5 NaOH solüsyonunda modifikasyon işlemi uygulanmıştır. Kompozit örnekler; vakum infüzyon yöntemi ile 8 farklı kombinasyonda üretilmiştir. Üretilen örneklerin; çekme direnci, çekmede elastikiyet modülü, kopmada uzama, eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, darbe direnci, su alma özellikleri ve yoğunluk değerleri ölçülmüştür. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda; üretilen kompozitlerde dokuma kumaş kullanımı ile keçe kullanımına kıyasla daha yüksek çekme, eğilme ve darbe direnci tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşılık dokuma kumaş ile üretilen kompozitler daha yüksek oranda su alma özellikleri göstermiştir. Dokuma kumaş ile üretilen kompozitler incelendiğinde; kenevir lifi içeren örneklerin, jüt lifi içeren örneklere göre daha yüksek mekanik özellikler sergilediği görülmüştür. Keçe ile üretilen kompozitlerde ise; jüt lifi içeren örnekler, kenevir lifi içeren örneklere göre daha yüksek mekanik özellikler sergilemiştir. Kompozit üretiminde vakum infüzyon yönteminin kullanılması ve diğer değişkenlerin etkisi sonucunda elde edilen grupların matris/güçlendirici malzeme oranı sabit tutulamamıştır. Alkali modifikasyonu ve keçe kullanımı sonucunda üretilen kompozitlerin içerdiği güçlendirici malzeme oranında azalma meydana gelmiştir. Kompozit örneklerin içerdiği güçlendirici malzeme oranının yükselmesiyle kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerinin yükseldiği, bununla birlikte su alma özelliklerinin de arttığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Alkali işlem
• Doğal lifler
• Epoksi
• Kenevir
• Jüt
• Teknik tekstil

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