Sarı kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.) uçucu bileşenlerinin yükseltiye bağlı değişimi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar ili Sultandağı Yöresinde üç farklı yükselti grubu ve 7 örnek alandan Hypericum perforatum L.’nin çiçek ve yapraklarının uçucu yağ bileşenleri analiz edilmiştir. Analizler HS-SPME (Tepe Boşluğu – Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyon) yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çiçeklerde 113, yapraklarda ise 122 bileşen tespit edilmiştir. Çiçeklerden elde edilen bileşenlerin 72’si tüm yükselti gruplarında ortak bulunurken, 18’i tek bir yükselti grubundadır. Çiçeklerdeki bileşen sayıları alt yükselti grubunda 100, orta yükselti grubunda 93, üst yükselti grubunda ise 87 adettir. Yapraklarda ise 122 bileşen belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 73’ü tüm yükselti gruplarında ortak iken, 18’i tek bir yükselti grubundadır. Yapraklardaki bileşenlerin 106’sı alt, 90’ı orta, 103’ü ise üst yükselti grubunda saptanmıştır. Çiçeklerde yükselti arttıkça bileşen sayısında azalma görülmüştür. Yapraklarda ise yükseltiye bağlı doğrusal bir artış söz konusu olmamıştır. En yüksek orana sahip ana bileşenler; çiçeklerde -pinene, 5-methyl-undecane ve trans-caryophyllene, yapraklarda ise 2- methyl-octane, carvacrol ve acetic acid bileşenleri olmuştur. Yükselti gruplarına göre çiçek ve yaprakların uçucu yağlarının ana bileşenlerin de benzerlik görülürken, değişim genel olarak diğer bileşenlerdedir. Bitki uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin kompozisyonu ve oranlarındaki bu değişkenliğin, yükseltiye bağlı değişen iklim koşulları ve bunların bileşkesinde şekillenen bitki fenolojik durumuna önemli ölçüde bağlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Afyonkarahisar-Türkiye
• HS-SPME
• Sarı kantaron
• Uçucu bileşen
• Yaprak ve çiçek
• Yükselti

Elevation variations in volatile components of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)

Abstract

In this study, essential oil components of the flowers and leaves of Hypericum perforatum L., from three different elevation groups and 7 sample areas in Sultandağı region of Afyonkarahisar province, were analyzed. Analyzes were carried out using the HS-SPME (Head Space – Solid Phase Micro Extraction) method. As a result, 113 components from flowers and 122 components from leaves were identified. While 72 of the components from flowers are common to all elevation groups, 18 are in a single elevation group. The number of components in flowers is 100 in the lower, 93 in the middle, and 87 in the upper elevation group. 122 components were determined in the leaves. While 73 of these are common to all elevation groups, 18 are in a single. 106 of these components in the leaves were detected in the lower elevation group, 90 in the middle and 103 in the upper. As the altitude increased, the number of components in the flowers decreased. In the leaves, there was no linear increase with altitude. The main components with the highest ratio are -pinene, 5-methyl-undecane and trans-caryophyllene in the flowers, and 2-methyl-octane, carvacrol and acetic acid in the leaves. While it is seen the main components of the essential oils of flowers and leaves are similar in the altitude groups, the alteration is generally in other chemical components. It was concluded this variability in the composition and ratios is significantly dependent on elevation-dependent climatic conditions and the phenological state of the plant shaped by their combination.

Keywords

• Afyonkarahisar-Türkiye
• HS-SPME
• St. John’s Wort
• Volatile components
• Leaf and flower
• Elevation

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