Yusufeli ilçesi’nin ekoturizm potansiyeline AHP-SWOT çerçevesinde yeni bir yaklaşım

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yeni yerleşim yerine taşınmış olan Artvin’in Yusufeli ilçesinde ekoturizm kapsamında neler yapılabileceğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, çalışmada SWOT analizi ve AHP yönteminin birlikte kullanıldığı A’WOT analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle ilgili literatür desteği ile Yusufeli ilçesinin mevcut durumuna yönelik SWOT matrisi oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan matris faktörlerinin önem derecelerinin belirlenmesi için Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi ile Yusufeli ilçesinde yaşayan/bilen yerel tur acentaları, akademisyenler, STK, bölgedeki yerel yönetimlerin ilgili birimleri ve Yusufeli Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’ndeki ilgili kişilerin görüşlerine sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, Yusufeli ilçesinin en güçlü yönleri olarak muhteşem doğal güzelliğe sahip yerlerin bulunması, tarihi öneme sahip inanç ve kültür mirasına hizmet edecek yerlerin bulunması ve akarsu turizmine dayalı yerlerin bulunması (rafting, kano, tekne turu vb.) (%33.3) iken; en zayıf yönü yeni yerleşim yerine taşınmasından kaynaklı konaklama, pansiyon, restoran, tur gezileri vb. faaliyetlere yönelik faaliyetlerin olmaması ve buna bağlı tanıtımların yapılamaması (%59.4) olarak belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca Yusufeli ilçesinin farklı ekoturizm faaliyetlerine imkân vermesi (%41.3) en büyük fırsat olarak görülürken; eski Yusufeli ilçesinin baraj nedeniyle su altında kalması nedeniyle ilçe merkezinin başka bir yere taşınması da (%41.3) en büyük tehdit olarak görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Yusufeli
• SWOT analizi
• AHP yöntemi
• A’WOT analizi
• Ekoturizm

A new approach to the ecotourism potential of Yusufeli district within the framework of AHP-SWOT

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to determine what can be realized in the scope of ecotourism in Yusufeli district of Artvin, which has moved to a new settlement. For this purpose, A'WOT analysis, in which SWOT analysis and AHP method are used together, was used in the study. In this context, firstly, a SWOT matrix was formed with the support of the relevant literature. In order to determine the degree of importance of the matrix factors, the AHP method was used and the opinions of local tour agencies, academicians, NGOs, local administrators in the region and managers at the Yusufeli Forest Management Directorate who live in Yusufeli district or have information about Yusufeli district were obtained. According to the results of the study, while the strengths of Yusufeli district are the presence of places with magnificent natural beauty, the presence of places that will serve the belief and cultural heritage with historical importance and the presence of places based on river tourism (rafting, canoeing, boat tours, etc.) (33.3%); the weakest aspect is lack of activities for activities such as accommodation, pensions, restaurants, tour trips, etc. due to the relocation to a new settlement and the lack of related promotions (59.4%). In addition, the fact that Yusufeli district allows different ecotourism activities (41.3%) is seen as the biggest opportunity, while the relocation of the old Yusufeli district to another place due to dam construction (41.3%) is seen as the biggest threat.

Keywords

• Yusufeli
• SWOT analysis
• AHP method
• A’WOT analysis
• Ecotourism

References

1. Ajmera, P., 2017. Ranking the strategies for Indian medical tourism sector through the integration of SWOT analysis and TOPSIS method. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 30(8): 668-679.
2. Arsić, S., Nikolić, D., Mihajlović, I., Fedajev, A., Živković, Ž., 2018. A new approach within ANP-SWOT framework for prioritization of ecosystem management and case study of National Park Djerdap, Serbia. Ecological Economics, 146: 85-95.
3. Bahçeli, S., Bay, A., 2017. Effects of population and settlement movements of HEPP: Yusufeli Dam Sample. Aegean Geographical Journal, 26(2): 107-125.
4. Bakırcı, M., 2012. The effect of tourism on diversification of economic activities in rural settlements: Yaylalar Village Case (Yusufeli/Artvin). Turkish Journal of Geography, 57: 71-85.
5. Dama, N., Yılmaz, M., 2020. Social Policy Perspective of Yusufeli Dam: Problems, Opportunities and Expectations. Artvin: Yusufeli Municipality Publications, Bizim Büro Priniting House, Ankara.
6. Demir, S., Esbah, H., Akgün, A.A., 2016. Quantitative SWOT analysis for prioritizing ecotourism-planning decisions in protected areas: Igneada case. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 23(5): 456-468.
7. Demirel, Ö., 1997. A research on the evaluation of natural and cultural resource values of the Çoruh Basin (Yusufeli section) in terms of tourism and recreation potential. PhD Thesis, Black Sea Technical University, Trabzon.
8. Ervural, B.C., Zaim, S., Demirel, O.F., Aydin, Z., Delen, D., 2018. An ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS based SWOT analysis for Turkey’s energy planning. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(1): 1538-1550.

9. Etongo, D., Kanninen, M., Epule, T.E., Fobissie, K., 2018. Assessing the effectiveness of joint forest management in Southern Burkina Faso: A SWOT-AHP analysis. Forest Policy and Economics, 90: 31-38.
10. Helms, M.M., Nixon, J., 2010. Exploring SWOT analysis-where are we now?: A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3): 215-251.
11. IBM Corp., 2023. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0.2.0 Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
12. Kajanus, M., Kangas, J., Kurttila, M., 2004. The use of value focused thinking and the A’WOT hybrid method in tourism management. Tourism Management, 25(4): 499-506.
13. Kangas, J., Kurttila, M., Kajanus, M., Kangas, A., 2003. Evaluating the management strategies of a forestland estate-the SOS approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 69(4): 349-358.
14. Kavak, M., 2015. Consciousness and perception attitudes of local people towards ecotourism on the northern coast of Edremit Gulf. Master's Thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Çanakkale.
15. Kişi, N., 2019. A strategic approach to sustainable tourism development using the A’WOT hybrid method: A case study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability, 11(4): 964.
16. Kumar, A., Sah, B., Singh, A.R., Deng, Y., He, X., Kumar, P., Bansal, R.C., 2017. A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable renewable energy development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69: 596-609.
17. Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., Kajanus, M., 2000. Utilizing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis-a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1: 41-52.
18. Küçükbaşol, Y., 2015. Çoruh River and Yusufeli Dam: A dam review in terms of social, economic and environmental impacts. Individual and Society Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2):133-158.
19. Yıldız, S.G.M., Şengün, H., 2019. An evaluation on relocation and expropriation problem caused by dam project in Coruh Valley. Journal of Ömer Halisdemir University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 12(1): 48-60.
20. Nayir, O., 2009. Determination of ecotourism TALWEP and trends in protected natural areas of Isparta region. Master's Thesis, Süleymen Demirel University, Institute of Science, Isparta. Niemira, M.P., Saaty, T.L., 2004. An analytic network process model for financial-crisis forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 20(4): 573–587.
21. Nguyen, T., Truong, C., 2022. Integral SWOT-AHP-Tows model for strategic agricultural development in the context of drought: A case study in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 14(1): 1-30.
22. Polat, P., 2023. GIS of pre-dam natural environmental features in Yusufeli (Artvin) determination by methods and ecological sensitivity, NDVI, NDMI analysis. Manas Journal of Social Research, 12(1): 1-24.
23. Saaty, T.L., 1996. The Analytic Network Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh.
24. Saaty, T.L., 2004. Fundamentals of the analytic network process-multiple networks with benefits, costs, opportunities and risks. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 13(3): 348–379.
25. Saaty, T.L., 2008. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Services Sciences, 1(1): 83-98.
26. Sever, R., Kalın, Ö. U., 2011. Artvin ilinde yapılan/yapılmakta olan barajlar hakkında Artvin halkının bazı görüşleri. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 15(23): 65-80.
27. Shrestha, R.K., Alavalapati, J.R., Kalmbacher, R.S., 2004. Exploring the potential for silvopasture adoption in south-central Florida: An application of SWOT–AHP method. Agricultural Systems, 81(3): 185-199.
28. Surat, H., Yılmaz, H., Surat, B.Z., 2015. A research on the ecotourism use potential of Yusufeli and its immediate surroundings. Eastern Geography Journal, 20(34): 61-88.
29. Surat, H., 2017. The perception and attitude of the local people towards the ecotourism in Artvin Yusufeli. Journal of Forestry, 13(2): 9-19.
30. Şahin, G., 2017. A research on the perceptions and attitudes of local people living in Artvin towards tourism. Master's Thesis, Istanbul University, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.
31. Tam, M.C.Y., Tummala, V.M.R., 2001. An application of the AHP in vendor selection of a telecommunications system. Omega, 29: 171-182.
32. TIES, 2023. What is ecotourism? https://ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism/, Accessed: 04.11.2023.
33. Tıraş, M., 2002. The village settlements in Yusufeli administrative district. Journal of Turkish Geography, 38: 133-147.
34. Torun, A., 2021. The memory of the sunken city: Changes in Yusufeli's urban identity. Journal of Urban and Environmental Research, 3(2): 56-80.
35. Türk, B., 2022. Evaluation of Pamukkale's sustainable tourism potenial via SWOT-AHP (A’WOT). Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 53(2): 235-251.
36. Türk, E., Erkan, G.H., 2018. Poor planning: A critical ınquiry of the Artvin-Yusufeli involuntary resettlement process. Planning, 28 (2): 218-235.
37. Uzun, F., 2017. Tourism potential in Yusufeli and its surroundings. Master's Thesis, Giresun University, Institute of Social Sciences, Giresun.
38. Yılmaz, H., Surat, H., 2015. Determination of the most convenient ecotourism activity by using analytic hierarchy process. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 16(2): 164-176.
39. Yılmaz, A., Zorlu, K., 2018. Prioritization of sustainable tourism strategies in Sinop using SWOT-AHS analysis. Journal of International Social Research, 11(61): 390-403.
40. Yuksel, I., Dagdeviren, M., 2007. Using the analytic network process (ANP) in a SWOT analysis–a case study for a textile firm. Information Sciences, 177(16): 3364–3382.
41. Zorlu, K., Yılmaz, A., 2020. Determination of strategies of ecotourism in protected areas with SWOT-AHP method: The case of Aksaray-Ihlara special environmental protection zone (SEPZ). Journal of Geography, 40: 1-12.