Türkiye’de orman ve kent ağaçlarını etkileyen yabancı istilacı patojenler

Abstract

Yabancı istilacı zararlılar ve patojenler, ormanlar, süs bitkileri ve kent ağaçları üzerinde dünya çapında ciddi tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Geçmişte insanların göçleri ile ilişkilendirilen yabancı istilacı türlerin hareketliliği, günümüzde artan ticaret ve küreselleşmenin ve yetersiz tespit ve karantina yöntemlerinin de etkisiyle kontrol edilemez boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Kestane dal kanseri, karaağaç ölümü hastalığı, servi kanseri, Phytophthora kök çürüklüğü, şimşir yanıklığı, çınar kanseri ve çamlarda Dothistroma ibre yanıklığına neden olan patojenler ve istilalardaki önemi bu derlemede ayrıntılı olarak verilmektedir. Bu tür zararlı ve patojen istilaları azaltmak veya hali hazırda bulaşmış olanları daha iyi yönetebilmek adına, ülkeler bazında ve ticaret sektöründe alınan önlemlerin yanı sıra, Türkiye'de bu sorunların üstesinden gelmek için uygulamadaki mevcut protokolleri geliştirmek yolunda mümkün olan yaklaşımlar da tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Yabancı istilacı türler
• Cryphonectria parasitica
• Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
• Seiridium cardinale
• Phytophthora
• Calonectria
• Ceratocystis platani
• Dothistroma

Invasive pathogens impacting forest and urban trees in Türkiye

Abstract

Alien invasive pests and pathogens pose major threats to forest and ornamental trees throughout the world. The history of invasions is reviewed in the context of human migrations in the past, and the importance of modern globalization of trade – in the absence of highly stringent detection and control measures - emphasised as undoubtedly the most important cause of the recent upsurge in incursions of problematic pests and pathogens. Examples of invasive pathogens, including the causes of sweet chestnut canker, Dutch elm disease, dieback of Cupressus, Phytophthora root rots, boxwood blight, canker stain (wilt) of Platanus and Dothistroma needle blight of pines are detailed. Measures taken by states and trading blocks to reduce the probabilities of invasions occurring and manage those that have already occurred are discussed, along with approaches that could be utilized to improve the protocols used to address these problems in Türkiye.

Keywords

• Alien invasive pathogens
• Cryphonectria parasitica
• Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
• Seiridium cardinale
• Phytophthora
• Calonectria
• Ceratocystis platani
• Dothistroma

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