Meşe üzerindeki Ypsolopha ustella'nın (Clerck, 1759) Türkiye popülasyonunda kanat rengi ve desen varyasyonları ve bazı ek notlar (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae)

Abstract

Ypsolopha Latreille [1796] cinsi Türkiye'de 21 tür ile bilinir. Bilinen kayıtlar genellikle birkaç il ile sınırlı birkaç faunistik çalışmaya dayanmaktadır ve biyolojileri hakkında hemen hemen hiç çalışma yoktur. Bu çalışmada, Ypsolopha ustella (Clerck, 1759)’nın Türkiye popülasyonları ilk kez değerlendirilmiştir. Faunistik kaydı Türkiye'de sadece Ankara ilinden bilinen türün, Beypazarı ilçesi meşe ormanından toplanan larvaları incelenmiştir. Quercus pubescens Willd ağaçlarından toplanan larvalar laboratuvarda konukçu ağacın yapraklarıyla beslenmiştir. Larvaların hepsi pupa evresine girmiştir. Pupa evresi ortalama 18 gün sürmüştür. Larval, pupa ve ergin evreleri tanımlanmış ve fotoğraflanmıştır. Ergin güvelerin kanat renkleri ve desen varyasyonları ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Morfoloji
• Türkiye
• Varyasyon
• Ypsolopha ustella

Wing color and pattern variations in the Turkish population of Ypsolopha ustella (Clerck, 1759) on oak and some additional notes (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae)

Abstract

The genus Ypsolopha Latreille, [1796] is known with 21 species in Türkiye. Known records are generally based on a few faunistic studies limited to a few provinces and there are almost no studies on their biology. In this study, the Turkish populations of Ypsolopha ustella (Clerck, 1759) were evaluated for the first time. Larvae of the species, whose faunistic record is known only from Ankara province in Türkiye, collected from the oak forest of Beypazarı district, were examined. Larvae collected from Quercus pubescens Willd were fed with laeves of host plants in the laboratory. All larvae entered the pupal stage. The pupal stage lasted an average of 18 days. Its larval, pupal and adult stages were described and photographed. Wing colors and pattern variations of adult moths were presented.

Keywords

• Morphology
• Türkiye
• Variation
• Ypsolopha ustella

References

1. Alford, D. V., 2012. Pests of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Flowers: A Colour Handbook, CRC Press, London
2. Agassiz, D.J.L., 1996. Yponomeutidae-Elachistidae. In: The moths and butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, (Ed: Emmet, A.M.), Colchester, Essex, pp.39-114.
3. Baraniak, E., 2005. Contribution to the knowledge of Yponomeutoidea (Lepidoptera). V. Ypsolopha curatorella sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 74(2): 89–97.
4. Baraniak, E., 2007. Ypsolopha colleaguella a new species (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae). Contribution to the knowledge of Yponomeutoidea (Lepidoptera). VI. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 76(1): 3–10.
5. Baraniak, E., Walczak U., Gaedike R., 2014. The Plutellidae to Ypsolophidae in the Lepidoptera collection of Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut. Contribution to the knowledge of Yponomeutoidea. X (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea). Shilap Revista de lepidopterología, 42(165): 83-90.
6. Burmann, K., 1985. Beiträge zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. VIII. Plutellinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae). Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-mathematischen Vereins Innsbruck, 72: 223-230.
7. Chazot, N., Willmott, R. K., Endara, P.G.S., Toporov, A., Hill, R.I., Jiggins, C.D., Elias, M., 2014. Mutualistic mimicry and filtering by altitude shape the structure of andean butterfly communities. The American Naturalist, 183(1): 26-39.
8. Döring, M., (2022). English Wikipedia, Species Pages, Wikimedia Foundation, Checklist dataset, https://doi.org/10.15468/c3kkgh. Accessed 26.09.2025.

9. Forest Pests Europe, 2025. Ypsolopha ustella, Atlas of Forest Pests, 2025. https://www.forestpests.eu/?q=ustella, Accessed: 25.10.2025.
10. Hellers, M., 2019. Die Kleinschmetterlinge Luxemburgs: die Familien Yponomeutidae, Ypsolophidae, Plutellidae, Glyphipterigidae, Argyresthiidae, Lyonetiidae, Prayidae, Scythropiidae und Ethmiidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois, 121: 153–168.
11. Hofreiter, M., Schöneberg, T., 2010. The genetic and evolutionary basis of colour variation in vertebrates. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 67(15):2591-603. doi: 10.1007/s00018-010-0333-7.
12. Jiggins, C. D., 2008. Ecological speciation in mimetic butterflies. BioScience, 58:541–548.
13. Kemal, M., Koçak, A.Ö., 2017. On the Lepidoptera fauna of a single locality, Saklıvadi (Van Province, East Turkey). Priamus, 15(1): 1-80.
14. Kemp, D. J., 2007. Female butterflies prefer males bearing bright iridescent ornamentation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274: 1043–1047. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rspb.2006.0043
15. Kettner, M., 2024. Lepidoptera, Species Pages. https://lepiforum.org/wiki/taxonomy, Accessed: 24. 06. 2024.
16. Kıyak, S., 2000. Entomolojik Müze Metotları. Öğün Matbaası, Ankara.
17. Koçak, A.Ö., Kemal, M., 2006. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. Priamus Supplement, 1: 1-196.
18. Koçak, A.Ö., Kemal, M., 2014. Kelebekler (Rhopalocera), In: Doğal Değerler (Ed: Sinan K.), Kültür ve Turizm Envanteri, Van s: 34-96.
19. Koçak, A.Ö., Kemal, M., 2018. A synonymous and distributional list of the species of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, Memoirs, 8: 1-487.
20. Kula, E., 2007. Caterpillars of the crown fauna in stands of substitute tree species. Folia Oecologica, 34(1): 30-41.
21. Kulfan, M., Holecová, M., Fajčík, J., 2006. Caterpillar (Lepidoptera) communities on European Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) in Malé Karpaty Mts (SW Slovakia). Biologia, Bratislava, 61(5): 573—578. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0092-y.
22. Kulfan, J., Sarvašová, L., Parák, M., Dzurenko, M., Zach, P., 2018. Can late flushing trees avoid attack by moth larvae in temperate forests?. Plant Protection Science, 54: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.17221/11/ 2018-PPS.
23. Mann, J., 1861. Zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Amasya. Wiener entomologische monatschrift, 5: 155-162, 183-193.
24. Mann, J., 1862. Verzeichnis der im Jahre 1851 bei Brussa in Kleinasien gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Wiener entomologische monatschrift, 6: 356-409.
25. Mann, J., 1864. Nachtrag zur Schmetterlingsfauna von Brussa. Wiener entomologische monatschrift, 8: 173-190.
26. Margarita, G.P., Zinchenko, Y.N., 2013. New taxonomic data on the genus Ypsolopha Latreille (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae) with descriptions of two new species from the Russian Far East. Zookeys, 12(289): 25-39.
27. Meyrick, E., 1895. A Handbook of British Lepidoptera, MacMillan Publishers, London.
28. Obara, Y., Majerus, M. E. N., 2000. Initial mate recognition in the British cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae rapae. Zoological Science, 17: 725–730.
29. Wang, S., Teng D., Li X., Yang P., Da W., Zhang Y., Zhang Y., Liu G., Zhang X., Wan W., Dong Z., Wang D., Huang S., Jiang Z., Wang Q., Lohman D.J., Wu Y., Zhang L., Jia F., Westerman E., Zhang L., Wang W., Zhang W., 2022. The evolution and diversification of oakleaf butterflies. Cell, 185: 3138-315.
30. Jin, Q., Wans, S., Li, H., 2013. Review of the genus Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796 from China (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae). Zootaxa, 2013;3705:1-91. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3705.1.1. PMID: 26146680.
31. Parenti, U., 2000. A guide to the microlepidoptera of Europe. Publisher Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy.
32. Rennwald, E., 2019. Faunistik. Ypsolopha ustella (Clerck, 1759) In: Lepiforum e.V. [ed.] (2019). https://lepiforum.org/wiki/page/ Ypsolopha_ustella, Accessed24. 06.2024.
33. Sachkov, S.A., Zolotuhin, V.V., 2020. Ypsolopha admirandella sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new European species from the steppes of Russia. Zootaxa, 4822(4): 588–594. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.4.8
34. Seven, S., 2000. Kırıkkale Lepidoptera Faunası ekolojisi ve taksonomisi üzerine araştırmalar. Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, Priamus, 10:1-101.
35. Staudinger, O., 1879. Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasien’s (Forsetzung). Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae. 15: 159-435.
36. Scalercio, S., 2022. Contribution to the knowledge of Ypsolophidae from forested habitats of Southern Italy with an update of the Italian checklist of the genus Ypsolopha Latreille 1796 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea). Natural History Sciences, 9(2), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2022.609 9(2): 55-58. DOI: 10.4081/ nhs.2022.609
37. Teng, D., Zhang, W., 2024. The diversification of butterfly wing patterns: progress and prospects. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 61: 101137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cois.2023.101137
38. Torun, Ö., Seven, S., 2014. Caterpillar (Lepidoptera) communities on oak (Quercus pubescens) in Ankara Province (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40(3): 281-290.