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Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras

Year 2018, , 219 - 225, 30.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.407487

Abstract

The effects of global warming on climate change have been recognized in global scale and it is expected that these effects will become even more obvious in near future. The climate change, especially in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid regions, may result in detrimental effects on forests and water resources. Turkey is among the most affected countries from climate change due to located in Mediterranean region. With the global climate change, dams and ponds also influence on tree growth. This study was carried out in Menzelet watershed dam located in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Menzelet dam was established during 1980-1989 and water deposition started in 1990. The climate of research area is semi-arid and characterized by extreme summer drought. The purpose of this study was to investigate the local climate effects on diameter increments resulted by Menzelet Dam Lake on the naturally distributed Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests. Therefore, sampling areas were chosen from two different places namely as dam site and control site. Sample plots in dam site and control site were selected from the same stand structure and have the same properties such as site index, altitude, age distribution classes and aspect. Increment cores were taken from 20 Pinus brutia trees using increment borer at breast height (1.30 m) in each sample plots and two increment cores were taken from each tree. WinDENDRO software package was used on the measurement and determination of annual diameter increment. Annual diameter increment of trees in dam site and control site were compared with independent t test using SPSS 20.0 statistical program. The relationships between annual diameter increment and climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. According to results, there is a statistically significant difference between average annual diameter increment in dam site and control site and dam influenced forest areas positively with respect to annual diameter increment. The values of the mean annual diameter increment of the trees in dam site are greatly higher than trees in control site. According to correlation analysis, temperature increase negatively affects annual diameter increment in control site. Important increase or decrease of annual total rainfall cause more significant changes in annual diameter increment in control site compare to dam site.

References

  • Ansin, R., 1983. The floristic regions and the major vegetation types of Turkey. Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, 6(2): 318-339.
  • Barber, V.A., Juday, G.P., Finney, B.P., 2000. Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress. Nature, 405: 668–673.
  • Barnett, T.P., 2001. Detection of anthropogenic climate change in the world’s oceans. Science, 292: 270-274.
  • Bertini, G., Amoriello, T., Fabbio, G., Piovosi, M., 2011. Forest growth and climate change: evidence from the ICP-Forest intensive monitoring in Italy. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 4:262-267.
  • Biondi, F., 1997. Evolotionary and moving response functions in dendroclimatology. Dendrochronologia, 15: 139-150.
  • Cermak, P., 2007. Defoliace a radialni rüst jako ukazetele vitality smrku ztepileho. Lesnicka Prace, 86: 14-15.
  • Chapin , F.S., 1980. The mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11: 233–260.
  • Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogee, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C., Carrara, A., Chevallier, F., De Noblet, N., Friend, A.D., Friedlingstein, P., Grunwald, T., Heinesch, B., Keronen, P., Knohl, A., Krinner, G., Loustau, D., Manca, G., Matteucci, G., Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J.M., Papale, D., Pilegaard, K., Rambal, S., Seufert, G., Soussana, J.F., Sanz, M.J., Schulze, E.D., Vesala, T., Valentini, R., 2005. Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature, 437: 529–533.
  • Costa, A., Pereira, H., Oliveira, A., 2001. A dendroclimatological approach to diameter growth in adult cork-oak trees under production. Trees, 15: 438-443.
  • Feliksik, E., Wilczynski, S., 2009. The effect of climate on tree-ring chronologies of native and nonnative tree species growing under homogenous site conditions. Geochronometria, 33:49-57.
  • Franco, W., 1979. Die wassesrdynmamik einiger waldstandorte der West-Llanos Venezuelas und ihre Beziehung zur Saisonalitat sde des Laubfalles. Dissertation. Univerversitat Göttingeen, Germany.
  • Fritts, H.C., 1974. Relationships of ring widths in arid-site conifers to variations in monthly temperature and precipitation. Ecological Monograph, 44: 411-440.
  • Fritts, H.C., 1976. Tree rings and climate. Academic Press, London.
  • GDSHW, 2016. General directorate of state hydraulic works, facility of 20. Kahramanmaras Regional Directorate, Kahramanmaras.
  • Grogan, J., Schulze, M., 2012. The impact of annual and seasonal rainfall patterns on growth and phenology of emergent tree species in southeastern Amazonia, Brazil. Biotropica, 44 (3): 331–340.
  • IPCC, 2001. Climate Change. In: Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Nouguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., Jonson, J.A. (Eds.), The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I in the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • IPCC, 2007. Climate Change. Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.), IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Karabulut, M., Cosun, F., 2009. Trend analyses of precipitations in Kahramanmaras city. Journal of Geography Science, 7 (1): 65-83. Kazmierczak, K., Zawieja, B., 2014. The influence of weather conditions on annual height increments of Scots pine. Biometrical Letters, 51 (2):143 – 152.
  • Knapp, P.A., Soule, P.T., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., 2001. Detecting potential regional effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on growth rates of western juniper. Global Change Biology, 7:903–917.
  • Larcher, W., 1988. Fyziologicka ekologie rostlin. Praha, Academia, 361.
  • Levitus, S., 2001. Anthropogenic warming of earth’s climate system. Science, 292: 267-270.
  • Margaris, N.S., Mooney, H.A., 1981. Components of Productivity of Mediterranean-Climate Regions, Basic and Applied Aspects. Junk Publishers, The Hague/Boston/London.
  • Mooney, H.A., 1982. Habitat, Plant Form, and Plant Water Relations in Mediterranean-Climate Regions. Ecologia Mediterranea, 8: 481-488.
  • Ogaya, R., Peñuelas, J., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Mangirón, M., 2003. Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a holm oak forest of NE Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 180: 175-184.
  • Petras, R., Mecko, J., 2011. Effect of climatic factors on the dynamics of radial increments of Norway spruce, European beech and sessile oak. Journal of Forest Science, 57(7): 293–302.
  • Regent Instruments Canada Inc. 2009. WINDENDRO for Tree-ring Analysis.
  • Rybnicek, M., Cermak, P., Kolar, T., Premyslovska, E., Zıd, T., 2009. Influence of temperatures and precipitation on radial increment of Orlicke Hory Mts. Spruce Stands at Altitudes over 800 m a.s.l. Journal of Forest Science, 55 (6): 257-263. Solberg, S., Dobbertin, M., Reinds, G.J., Lange, H., Andreassen, K., Fernandez, P.G., Hildingsson, A., Vries, W., 2009. Analyses of the impact of changes in atmospheric deposition and climate on forest growth in European monitoring plots: A stand growth approach. Forest Ecology and Management, 258 (8): 1735-1750.
  • Stokes, M.A., Smiley, T.L., 1996. An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Swetnam, T.W., 1985. Using Dendrochronology to Measure Radial Growth of Defoliated Trees. USDA Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service. Agriculture Handbook No: 639, Washington.
  • TSMS, 2012. Turkish State Meteorological Service, 1975-2012, Ankara.
  • Turkes M., Sümer, U.M., Demir, İ., 2002. Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929-1999. International Journal of Climatology, 22: 947-977.
  • Usta, A., Altun, L., Güvendi, E., Yener, İ., 2009. The relationship with the distribution of forests and regional climate analysis of Turkey. 1. National Drought and Desertification Symposium. Konya, Turkey. s. 171-180.
  • Worbes, M., 1999. Annual growth rings, rainfall-depend growth and long-term growth patterns of tropical trees from the Caparo Forest Reserve in Venezuela. Journal of Ecology, 87: 391-403.

İklim değişikliğinin Kahramanmaraş’ta bulunan doğal Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanlarının yıllık çap artımı üzerine etkileri

Year 2018, , 219 - 225, 30.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.407487

Abstract

Küresel ısınmanın iklim değişikliği üzerindeki etkileri küresel ölçekte kabul edilmiş olup bu etkilerin yakın gelecekte daha da hissedilir hale geleceği beklenmektedir. İklim değişikliği özellikle kurak, yarı kurak ve yarı nemli bölgelerde ormanlar ve su kaynakları üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda bir Akdeniz ülkesi olan Türkiye iklim değişikliğinden en fazla etkilenmesi beklenen ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliği ile birlikte barajlar ve göller de ağaçların büyümesi üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin Kahramanmaraş şehrinde bulunan Menzelet baraj havzasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Menzelet barajı 1980-1989 yılları arasında inşa edilmiş ve 1990 yılında su toplamaya başlamıştır. Yarı kurak iklim özelliğine sahip olan araştırma alanında aşırı yaz kuraklıkları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Menzelet baraj gölünün neden olduğu lokal iklim koşullarının alanda doğal olarak yayılış gösteren kızılçam ormanlarının çap artımı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu nedenle baraj ve kontrol bölgesi olarak adlandırılan iki farklı yerden örneklem alanları seçilmiştir. Seçilen örneklem alanları meşcere yapısı ve bonitet, yükseklik, yaş dağılım sınıfı ve bakı bakımından aynı özelliklere sahiptir. Artım burguları yardımıyla her bir ağaçtan 2 adet olmak üzere her bir örneklem alanındaki 20 kızılçam ağacının göğüs yüksekliğinden artım çubukları alınmıştır. Yıllık çap artımlarının belirlenmesinde WinDENDRO bilgisayar programı kullanılmıştır. Baraj ve kontrol alanındaki ağaçların çap artımları SPSS 20.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak bağımsız t-testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yıllık çap artımı ile sıcaklık ve yağış gibi iklimsel faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, yıllık ortalama çap artımı açısından baraj alanı ile kontrol alanı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık vardır ve baraj, kızılçam ormanlarının yıllık ortalama çap artımı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Baraj alanında bulunan ağaçların yıllık ortalama çap artım değerleri kontrol alanındaki değerlere nazaran oldukça yüksektir. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, sıcaklık artışı kontrol alanındaki yıllık çap artımını olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Yıllık toplam yağıştaki önemli düzeydeki artış veya azalmalar baraj alanıyla karşılaştırıldığında kontrol alanındaki yıllık çap artımında daha önemli değişikliklere neden olmaktadır.

References

  • Ansin, R., 1983. The floristic regions and the major vegetation types of Turkey. Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Journal, 6(2): 318-339.
  • Barber, V.A., Juday, G.P., Finney, B.P., 2000. Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress. Nature, 405: 668–673.
  • Barnett, T.P., 2001. Detection of anthropogenic climate change in the world’s oceans. Science, 292: 270-274.
  • Bertini, G., Amoriello, T., Fabbio, G., Piovosi, M., 2011. Forest growth and climate change: evidence from the ICP-Forest intensive monitoring in Italy. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 4:262-267.
  • Biondi, F., 1997. Evolotionary and moving response functions in dendroclimatology. Dendrochronologia, 15: 139-150.
  • Cermak, P., 2007. Defoliace a radialni rüst jako ukazetele vitality smrku ztepileho. Lesnicka Prace, 86: 14-15.
  • Chapin , F.S., 1980. The mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11: 233–260.
  • Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogee, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C., Carrara, A., Chevallier, F., De Noblet, N., Friend, A.D., Friedlingstein, P., Grunwald, T., Heinesch, B., Keronen, P., Knohl, A., Krinner, G., Loustau, D., Manca, G., Matteucci, G., Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J.M., Papale, D., Pilegaard, K., Rambal, S., Seufert, G., Soussana, J.F., Sanz, M.J., Schulze, E.D., Vesala, T., Valentini, R., 2005. Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature, 437: 529–533.
  • Costa, A., Pereira, H., Oliveira, A., 2001. A dendroclimatological approach to diameter growth in adult cork-oak trees under production. Trees, 15: 438-443.
  • Feliksik, E., Wilczynski, S., 2009. The effect of climate on tree-ring chronologies of native and nonnative tree species growing under homogenous site conditions. Geochronometria, 33:49-57.
  • Franco, W., 1979. Die wassesrdynmamik einiger waldstandorte der West-Llanos Venezuelas und ihre Beziehung zur Saisonalitat sde des Laubfalles. Dissertation. Univerversitat Göttingeen, Germany.
  • Fritts, H.C., 1974. Relationships of ring widths in arid-site conifers to variations in monthly temperature and precipitation. Ecological Monograph, 44: 411-440.
  • Fritts, H.C., 1976. Tree rings and climate. Academic Press, London.
  • GDSHW, 2016. General directorate of state hydraulic works, facility of 20. Kahramanmaras Regional Directorate, Kahramanmaras.
  • Grogan, J., Schulze, M., 2012. The impact of annual and seasonal rainfall patterns on growth and phenology of emergent tree species in southeastern Amazonia, Brazil. Biotropica, 44 (3): 331–340.
  • IPCC, 2001. Climate Change. In: Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Nouguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., Jonson, J.A. (Eds.), The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I in the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • IPCC, 2007. Climate Change. Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.), IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Karabulut, M., Cosun, F., 2009. Trend analyses of precipitations in Kahramanmaras city. Journal of Geography Science, 7 (1): 65-83. Kazmierczak, K., Zawieja, B., 2014. The influence of weather conditions on annual height increments of Scots pine. Biometrical Letters, 51 (2):143 – 152.
  • Knapp, P.A., Soule, P.T., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., 2001. Detecting potential regional effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on growth rates of western juniper. Global Change Biology, 7:903–917.
  • Larcher, W., 1988. Fyziologicka ekologie rostlin. Praha, Academia, 361.
  • Levitus, S., 2001. Anthropogenic warming of earth’s climate system. Science, 292: 267-270.
  • Margaris, N.S., Mooney, H.A., 1981. Components of Productivity of Mediterranean-Climate Regions, Basic and Applied Aspects. Junk Publishers, The Hague/Boston/London.
  • Mooney, H.A., 1982. Habitat, Plant Form, and Plant Water Relations in Mediterranean-Climate Regions. Ecologia Mediterranea, 8: 481-488.
  • Ogaya, R., Peñuelas, J., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Mangirón, M., 2003. Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a holm oak forest of NE Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, 180: 175-184.
  • Petras, R., Mecko, J., 2011. Effect of climatic factors on the dynamics of radial increments of Norway spruce, European beech and sessile oak. Journal of Forest Science, 57(7): 293–302.
  • Regent Instruments Canada Inc. 2009. WINDENDRO for Tree-ring Analysis.
  • Rybnicek, M., Cermak, P., Kolar, T., Premyslovska, E., Zıd, T., 2009. Influence of temperatures and precipitation on radial increment of Orlicke Hory Mts. Spruce Stands at Altitudes over 800 m a.s.l. Journal of Forest Science, 55 (6): 257-263. Solberg, S., Dobbertin, M., Reinds, G.J., Lange, H., Andreassen, K., Fernandez, P.G., Hildingsson, A., Vries, W., 2009. Analyses of the impact of changes in atmospheric deposition and climate on forest growth in European monitoring plots: A stand growth approach. Forest Ecology and Management, 258 (8): 1735-1750.
  • Stokes, M.A., Smiley, T.L., 1996. An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Swetnam, T.W., 1985. Using Dendrochronology to Measure Radial Growth of Defoliated Trees. USDA Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service. Agriculture Handbook No: 639, Washington.
  • TSMS, 2012. Turkish State Meteorological Service, 1975-2012, Ankara.
  • Turkes M., Sümer, U.M., Demir, İ., 2002. Re-evaluation of trends and changes in mean, maximum and minimum temperatures of Turkey for the period 1929-1999. International Journal of Climatology, 22: 947-977.
  • Usta, A., Altun, L., Güvendi, E., Yener, İ., 2009. The relationship with the distribution of forests and regional climate analysis of Turkey. 1. National Drought and Desertification Symposium. Konya, Turkey. s. 171-180.
  • Worbes, M., 1999. Annual growth rings, rainfall-depend growth and long-term growth patterns of tropical trees from the Caparo Forest Reserve in Venezuela. Journal of Ecology, 87: 391-403.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Mahmut Reis 0000-0002-1389-9276

Hurem Dutal

Bülent Abız This is me

Seda Tat This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2018
Acceptance Date June 4, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Reis, M., Dutal, H., Abız, B., Tat, S. (2018). Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 19(3), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.407487
AMA Reis M, Dutal H, Abız B, Tat S. Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry. September 2018;19(3):219-225. doi:10.18182/tjf.407487
Chicago Reis, Mahmut, Hurem Dutal, Bülent Abız, and Seda Tat. “Impacts of Climate Change on Annual Diameter Increment of Natural Calabrian Pine (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Forests in Kahramanmaras”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19, no. 3 (September 2018): 219-25. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.407487.
EndNote Reis M, Dutal H, Abız B, Tat S (September 1, 2018) Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19 3 219–225.
IEEE M. Reis, H. Dutal, B. Abız, and S. Tat, “Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 219–225, 2018, doi: 10.18182/tjf.407487.
ISNAD Reis, Mahmut et al. “Impacts of Climate Change on Annual Diameter Increment of Natural Calabrian Pine (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Forests in Kahramanmaras”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19/3 (September 2018), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.407487.
JAMA Reis M, Dutal H, Abız B, Tat S. Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2018;19:219–225.
MLA Reis, Mahmut et al. “Impacts of Climate Change on Annual Diameter Increment of Natural Calabrian Pine (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Forests in Kahramanmaras”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 19, no. 3, 2018, pp. 219-25, doi:10.18182/tjf.407487.
Vancouver Reis M, Dutal H, Abız B, Tat S. Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2018;19(3):219-25.