Effect of density and propagation length on ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity in some important wood species grown in Turkey

Abstract

In solids, density is an important factor that determines lots of properties such as mechanic behavior. Mechanic properties of materials can be determined by static and dynamic tests. Ultrasonic measurements are one of the non-destructive test methods and are being applied to lots of field for determination of wide range of properties. When literature in wood science reviewed, it’s seen that researches did not make a consensus on the effect of density on ultrasonic wave velocity. Also, propagation length is another issue that has close relations with ultrasonic waves. From this point of view, effects of density and propagation length on ultrasonic longitudinal wave in Oriental beech, Scots pine, Black pine and Turkish red pine woods were investigated in this study. 20x20 cross-cut and 20, 30 and 40mm L direction samples were used to perform measurements. All samples acclimatized at 20±1 °C temperature and 65% relative humidity. Then, ultrasonic measurements performed using OLYMPUS EPOCH 650 flaw detector and 2.25MHz contact type transducers. According to the results, MC of the samples were calculated around 12% and up to 25.49% increase in velocity observed when sample length increased from 20mm to 40mm. Coefficients of determination between density and velocity were ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. Therefore, it’s concluded that both propagation length and density have positive effect on ultrasonic wave velocity in these woods.

Keywords

• Ultrasonic,Oriental beech,Scots pine,Black pine,Turkish red pine,Density,Propagation length

Türkiye’de yetişen bazı önemli ağaç türlerinde yoğunluk ve yayılım uzunluğunun ultrasonik dalga hızına etkisi

Abstract

Yoğunluk, katılarda mekanik davranış gibi birçok özelliği belirleyen önemli bir etkendir. Malzemelerin mekanik özellikleri statik ve dinamik testlerle belirlenebilir. Ultrasonik ölçümler, tahribatsız test yöntemlerinden biridir ve birçok alanda birçok özelliğin belirlenmesinde uygulanmaktadır. Ahşap bilimindeki literatür incelendiğinde, ultrasonik dalga hızı üzerine yoğunluğun etkisi hakkında araştırmacıların ortak bir fikir ortaya koymadığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, yayılım uzunluğu ultrasonik dalgalar ile yakından ilişki içinde olan bir diğer konudur. Bu bakış açısıyla, bu çalışmada yoğunluk ve yayılım uzunluğunun Doğu kayını, sarıçam, kızılçam ve karaçam odunlarındaki boyuna ultrasonik dalgaya etkisi araştırılmışır.20x20mm enine kesit ve L yönündeki uzunlukları 20, 30 ve 40mm olan örnekler ölçümlerin gerçekleştirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Tüm örnekler, 20±1°C sıcaklık ve %65 bağıl nemde iklimlendirilmiştir. Sonrasında ultrasonik ölçümler, OLYMPUS EPOCH 650 hata detektörü ve 2.25MHz frekanslı temaslı tip transdüserler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, örneklerin rutubet içerikleri yaklaşık %12 olarak hesaplanmıştır ve dalga hızında örnek boyu 20mm’den 40mm’e çıktığında %25.49’luk bir artış gözlenmiştir. Yoğunluk ile hız arasındaki belirleme katsayıları 0.78 ile 0.94 değerlerinde sıralanmıştır. Dolayısıyla, hem yayılım uzunluğu hem de yoğunluğun bu ağaçlardaki ultrasonik dalga hızına olumlu etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Ultrasonik,Doğu kayını,Sarıçam,Karaçam,Kızılçam,Yoğunluk,Yayılım uzunluğu

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