Boylu Ardıç (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.)’ ta yetiştirme sıklığı ve gübrelemenin fidan morfolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yetiştirme sıklığı ve gübrelemenin boylu ardıç (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) fidanlarının morfolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, dört farklı sıklık derecesi [metrekarede 150, 250, 350 ve 600 (=kontrol) fidan] ve üç farklı gübre dozu [metrekareye 0 g N (=kontrol), 10 g N ve 20 g N] denemeye alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, uygulanan işlemlerin önemli fidan morfolojik özelliklerinden olan fidan boyu, kök boğazı çapı, yan dal sayısı, en uzun yan kök boyu ve gövde/kök kuru ağırlık oranı üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Denemeye alınan işlemler sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programında değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre; fidanların kök boğazı çapı üzerine etkili olan temel faktörün yetiştirme sıklığı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Aynı şekilde, fidan boyu üzerine etkili olan temel faktörün ise gübreleme dozu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Eğirdir Orman Fidanlığında yürütülen boylu ardıç fidanı yetiştirme çalışmalarının, metrekarede 150-350 fidan olacak şekilde yapılması ve metrekareye 10 g N verilmesi uygun olacaktır.

Keywords

• Yetiştirme sıklığı,Gübreleme,Boylu ardıç (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.),Fidan kalitesi

The effects of growing density and fertilization on morphological seedling characteristics of crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.)

Abstract

In this study, the effects of growing density and fertilization on the morphological characteristics of the Crimean Juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) seedlings were investigated. For this purpose, four different growing densities [150, 250, 350 and 600 (= control) seedlings per square meter] and three different fertilizer doses [0 g N (= control), 10 g N and 20 g N per square meter] were studied. In this context, the effects of the treatments on the height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), number of sub branches (NSB), the longest lateral root length (LRL) and shoot:root ratio (S:R) of the seedlings, which are among the important morphological characteristics, were examined. The data were evaluated in SPSS software. Results showed that the main factor affecting the root collar diameter of the seedlings was growing density. Similarly, it was found that the main factor working on the seedling height was fertilization dose. As a conclusion; it was suggested that cultivation of barerooted Crimean Juniper seedlings in the Eğirdir Forestry Nursery should be carried out with 150-350 seedlings per square meter and 10 g/m2 N application.

Keywords

• Growing density,Fertilization,Crimean Juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.),Seedling quality

References

1. Bernier, P.Y., Lamhamedi, M.S., Simpson, D.G., 1995. Shoot:root ratio is of limited use in evaluating the quality of container conifer stock. Tree Planters’ Notes, 46(3): 102-106.
2. Brissette, J.C., Barnett, J.P., Landis, T.D., 1991. Container seedlings. Forest regeneration manual, 36: 117-141.
3. Çiçek, E., Yilmaz, F., Yilmaz, M., 2010. Effect of N and NPK fertilizers on early field performance of narrow-leaved ash, Fraxinus angustifolia. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(1): 109-114.
4. Ericsson, T., 1995. Growth and shoot:root ratio of seedlings in relation to nutrient availability. Plant and Soil, 62(168/169): 205-214.
5. Eyüboğlu, A. K., 1988. Fidanlıkta Değişik Sıklık Derecelerinde Yetiştirilmiş, Şaşırtılmış ve Şaşırtılmamış Doğu Ladini (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) Fidanlarının Arazideki Durumları. Forestry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
6. Fisher, J.T., Mexal, G.J., 1984. Nutrition management: A physiological basis for yield improvement. Seedling Physiology and Reforestation Success, 14: 271-299.
7. Gezer, A., 1986. Doğu Karadeniz Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana Spach.)’nın Fidanlıklarda Yetiştirilme Tekniği Üzerine Araştırmalar. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Alien Species Research Institute. İzmit, Turkey.
8. Gond, D.P., Singh, S., Pal, A., Tewary, B.K., 2013. Growth, yield and metal residues in Solanum melongena grown in fly ash amended soils. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(3): 539-544.

9. Gültekin, H.C., Gülcü, S., Gültekin, U.G., Divrik, A., 2003. Boylu Ardıç (Juniperus excelsa Bieb) tohumlarına ekimden önce uygulanabilecek bazı basit sınıflandırma yöntemlerinin çimlenmeye olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi üzerine araştırmalar. Kafkas University, Artvin Faculty of Forestry Journal, 4(1): 111-121.
10. Haase, D.L., 2008. Understanding forest seedling quality: measurements and interpretation. Tree Planters’ Notes, 52(2): 24-30.
11. Jacobs, D.F., Salifu, K.F., Seifert, J.R., 2005. Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings. New Forests, 30(2- 3): 235-251.
12. Jelin, J., Dhanarajan, M.S., Mariappan, V., 2013. Assessment of compost as a bio-fertilizer for the growth of paddy. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(6): 975-979.
13. Jiménez, M.N., Navarro, F.B., Ripoll, M.Á., Bocio, I., De Simón, E., 2005. Effect of shelter tubes on establishment and growth of Juniperus thurifera L. (Cupressaceae) seedlings in Mediterranean semi-arid environment. Annals Forest Science, 62(7): 717-725.
14. Jinks, R., Mason, B., 1998. Effects of seedling density on the growth of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritime Melv.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) in containers. Annals Forest Science, 55(4): 407-423.
15. Kalıpsız, A., 1981. Statistical methods. Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Press., Istanbul, Turkey.
16. Larsen, H.S., South, D.B., Boyer, J.M., 1986. Root growth potential, seedling morphology and bud dormancy correlate with survival of loblolly pine seedlings planted in december in Alabama. Tree Physiology, 1(3): 253-263.
17. Long, A.J., Carrier, B.D., 1993. Effect of Douglas-fir 2+0 seedling morphology on field performance. New Forests, 7(1): 19-32.
18. Mattsson, A., 1997. Predicting field performance using seedling quality assessment. New Forests, 13(1-3): 227-252.
19. Mexal, J.G., Landis, T.D., 1990. Target seedling concepts: height and diameter. Target seedling symposium, meeting of the western forest nursery associations, General Technical Report RM-200, 1990: 17-35.
20. Negiz, M.G., Eser, Y., Kuzugüdenli, E., Özkan, K., 2015. Indicator species of essential forest tree species in the Burdur district. Journal of Environmental Biology, 36(1): 107-111.
21. Oliet, J.A., Salazar, J.M., Villar, R., Robredo, E., Valladares, F., 2011. Fall fertilization of Holm oak affects N and P dynamics, root growth potential, and post-planting phenology and growth. Annals of forest science, 68(3): 647-656.
22. Öner, N., Özden, S., Birben, U., 2010. Relationship between a natural monumental stand in Turkey and local beliefs. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(1): 149-155.
23. Özdemir, Ö. L., 1971. Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold.) Fidanlıklarında Yetiştirilme Tekniği Üzerine Bazı Denemeler. Forestry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 49: 51.
24. Puttonen, P., 1997. Looking for the ‘‘silver bullet’’, can one test do it all?. New Forests, 13(1-3): 9-27.
25. Ritchie, G.A., 1984. Assessing seedling quality. Forestry nursery manual: production of bareroot seedlings, 11: 243-259.
26. Rose, R., Ketchum, J.S., 2003. Interaction of initial seedling diameter, fertilization, and weed control on Douglas-fir growth over the first four years after planting. Annals of Forest Science, 60(7): 625-635.
27. Saatçioğlu, F., 1976. Silvikültürün Biyolojik Esasları ve Prensipleri. Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry press., Istanbul, Turkey.
28. Semerci, A., 1997. Orman ağacı fidanlarında kök büyüme potansiyelinin (kbp) belirlenmesi. Journal of Central Anatolia Forestry Research Institute, 81: 15-40.
29. Sharma, V.K., Singh, R.P., 2011. Organic matrix based slow release fertilizer enhances plant growth, nitrate assimilation and seed yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(5): 619-624.
30. Simpson, D.G., 1991. Growing density and container volume affect nursery and field growth of interior spruce seedlings. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 8(4): 160-165.
31. South, D.B., 1993. Rationale for growing southern pine seedlings at low seedbed densities. New Forests, 7(1): 63-92.
32. South, D.B., 2000. Planting morphologically improved pine seedlings to increase survival and growth. Forestry and Wildlife Series, 1: 1-14.
33. Şimşek, Y., 1987. Ağaçlandırmalarda Kaliteli Fidan Kullanma Sorunları. Forestry Research Institute, 33(1): 5-29.
34. Tacenur, İ. A., Efeoğlu, A. İ., 1979. Türkiye’ nin Bazı Orman Fidanlıklarında Üretilen İğne Yapraklı Fidanların Aldığı Besin Maddeleri ve Gübreleme Gereksinimi Üzerine Araştırmalar. TUBITAK Press., Ankara, Turkey.
35. Tetik, M., 1995. Sarıkamış fidanlığında ekim sıklığının Sarıçam (Pinus silvestris L.) fidanların kalitesine ve dikimdeki başarısına etkileri. Forestry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
36. Tsakaldimi, M., Ganatsas, P., Jacobs, D.F., 2012. Prediction of planted seedling survival of five Mediterranean species based on initial seedling morphology. New Forests, 44(3): 327-339.
37. Trubat, R., Cortina, J., Vilagrosa, A., 2010. Nursery fertilization affects seedling traits but not field performance in Quercus suber L. Journal of arid environments, 74(4): 491-497.
38. Ürgenç, S., 1986. Afforestation technique. Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry press., Istanbul, Turkey.
39. Van den Driessche, R., 1991. Influence of container nursery regimes on drought resistance of seedlings following planting: survival and growth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21(5): 555-565.
40. Williams, H.M., Stewart, T., 2006. The effects of sower and bed density on bareroot loblolly pine seedling morphology and early height growth. General Technical Report SRS-92, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2006: 45-49.
41. Yahyaoğlu, Z., Genç, M., 2000. Fidan Standardizasyonu (Kaliteli Fidan Yetiştirme ve Fidan Kalite Sınıflandırması Esasları) Ders Kitabı. Kafkas University, Faculty of Forestry Press., Artvin, Turkey.
42. Yildiz, N., Bircan, H., 1991. Research and experimental methods. Atatürk University Press., Erzurum, Turkey.
43. Yildiz, N., Bircan, H., 1994. Applied statistics. Atatürk University Press., Erzurum, Turkey.