Pest species of Coccoidea (Hemiptera; Coccomorpha) in forest of Turkey

Abstract

Forest area of Turkey is 22.6 million hectares, which constitutes 28.8% of the overall land area. 47% of the forests is coniferous, 32% is broad-leaved tree species and 21% mixed species. The Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) are cryptic and mostly invisible insects which are mostly small less than 5 mm long. Many scale insects are economically important pests of agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Around 400 scale insect species are known in Turkey, totally 119 Coccoidea species are fed on forest trees and shrubs; among 45 species of them on conifers and 74 species on broad-leaves trees and shrubs. Marchalina hellenica Gennadius (Marchalinidae) is a famous and economically important species that resourced honeydew honey called “pine honey”. This study examines scale insects, their distribution, host plants, natural enemies, damages, and role of forest biodiversity in Turkey.

Keywords

• Scale insect,Biodiversity,Conifer,Biology,Damage

Türkiye ormanlarında zararlı Coccoidea (Hemiptera; Coccomorpha) türleri

Abstract

Türkiye 22.6 milyon hektar orman alanına sahiptir. Türkiye’nin yüzöçümünün %28.8’ini kaplayan bu ormanların %47’sini iğne yapraklılar, %32’sini geniş yapraklı ağaçlar ve %21’ini karışık ormanlar oluşturmaktadır. Kabuklubitler (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), saklı yerlerde yaşayan, genellikle 5 mm’den daha küçük olduğu için gözden kaçırılan böceklerdir. Birçok kabuklubit türü tarım ve orman bitkilerinin ekonomik önemde zarar meydana getirmektedir. Türkiye’de varlığı bilinen 400 civarında kabuklubit türünden, 45 tür koniferlerde, 74 tür ise geniş yapraklı ağaç ve çalılarda olmak üzere, toplam 119 Coccoidea türü orman bitkilerinde beslenmektedir. Marchalina hellenica Gennadius (Marchalinidae) bunlardan en bilinen ve ekonomik öneme sahip bir tür olup, “çam balı” olarak bilinen salgıbalına kaynaklık etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ormanlarında görülen kabuklubit türlerinin yayılışları, konukçuları, doğal düşmanları, zararları ve orman biyoçeşitliliğindeki rolleri incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Kabuklubitler,Biyoçeşitlilik,Konifer,Biyoloji,Zarar

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