Preventive activity of geothermal resource waters against volumetric shrinkage and swelling properties of wooden

Abstract

This study investigated the preventive effectiveness of geothermal resource waters on the volumetric shrinkage and swelling properties (working property) of wooden. For this purpose, Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood samples were treated by immersion method with nine different geothermal source water from Turkey's three different geothermal fields (Afyonkarahisar, Denizli, Kütahya). A higher performance against shrinkage and swelling was observed in wood samples treated with Denizli’s geothermal resource waters. Also, all treated wood samples had lower swelling and shrinkage values compared to untreated ones. These reductions in swelling and shrinkage values show that geothermal resource waters could be effective in reducing the volumetric working property of wooden.

Keywords

• Wooden
• Volumetric working
• Geothermal water
• Dimensional stabillity

Jeotermal kaynak sularının ahşabın hacimsel daralma ve genişleme özelliklerine karşı önleyici etkinliği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, jeotermal kaynak sularının, ahşabın hacimsel daralma ve genişleme özelliklerine (çalışma özelliği) karşı önleyici etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) odunu örnekleri Türkiye'nin üç farklı jeotermal enerji sahasından (Afyonkarahisar, Denizli ve Kütahya) dokuz farklı jeotermal kaynak suyu ile batırma yöntemine göre muamele edilmiştir. Denizli’nin jeotermal kaynak suları ile muamele edilen odun örneklerinde genişleme ve daralmaya karşı daha yüksek bir performans gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, işlem görmüş tüm ahşap numuneler, işlem görmeyenlere kıyasla daha düşük genişleme ve daralma değerlerine sahip olmuştur. Genişleme ve daralma değerlerindeki bu azalmalar, jeotermal kaynak sularının ahşabın hacimsel çalışma özelliğini azaltmada etkili olabileceklerini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Ahşap
• Odun
• Hacimsel çalışma
• Jeotermal su
• Boyutsal stabilite

References

1. ASTM D1413-07e1, 2007. Standard test method for wood preservatives by laboratory soil block cultures. Annual Book of ASTM Standarts, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
2. Bak, M., Molnár, F., Németh, R., 2019. Improvement of dimensional stability of wood by silica nanoparticles, Wood Material Science & Engineering, 14 (1): 48-58.
3. Bariska, M., 1975. Collapse phenomena in beechwood during and after NH3-impregnation. Wood Sci. and Technol., 9: 293-306. Https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00353479, Erişim: 25.02.2021
4. Barut, İ.F., Erdoğan, N., Erol, B.B., Güneri, F.D., 2013. Evaluation from past to present hydrochemical characteristics with use of thermal mineral waters of Denizli. Istanbul Journal of Earth Sciences, 26(1): 1-24. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/ article-file/763591, Erişim: 15.01.2021.
5. Bozkurt, A.Y., Goker, Y., Erdin, N., 1993. Emprenye Tekniği Ders Notları. Istanbul Univ. Orman Fakültesi yayınları, Istanbul.
6. Coles R.W., Walker J.C.F., 1978. Induced shrinkage and structural reorganisation in ammonia-treated wood of Corsican pine. Wood and Fiber, 10(1): 39-57.
7. Çetin, F., Gündüz, G., 2016. Evaluation of research studies about physical properties of some wood species in Turkey. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 18(2): 175-193. DOI: 10.24011/barofd.267294
8. Demer, S., Memiş, Ü., 2015. Hydrogeochemistry and geothermometer applications to Afyonkarahisar geothermal fields. SDU Journal of Natural and Applied Science, 19(2): 66-77. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/194064, Erişim: 25.12.2020.

9. Dong, Y., Yan, Y., Zhang, S., Li, J., Wang, J., 2015. Flammability and physical-mechanical properties assesment of wood treated with furfuryl alcohol and nano-SiO2. European J. of Wood and Wood Products, 73(4): 457-464. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-015-0896-y
10. TS 2471, 1976. Wood – Determination of moisture content for physical and machenical tests. TSE, Ankara.
11. TS 4085, 1983. Wood – Determination of volumetric shrinkage. TSE, Ankara.
12. TS 4086, 1983. Wood – Determination of volumetric swelling. TSE, Ankara
13. Lebow, S.T., 2010. Wood preservation wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material: Chapter 15. Centennial ed. General technical report FPL; GTR-190. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, pp. 15.1-15.28.
14. Ogunjobi, K.M., Ogundibo D.E, Adetogun A.C. and Omole A.O., 2018. Variation in anisotropic shrinkage of plantation-grown Tectona Grandis (Linn) wood. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, 10(2): 85-90. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe/article/view/174799, Erişim: 10.10.2020.
15. Pentoney, R.E., 1966. Liquid ammonia-solvent combinations in wood plasticization. Properties of treated wood. Ind.Eng.Chem.Prod.Res.Dev., 5(2): 105-110.
16. Pollisco, F.S., Skaar, C., Davidson, R.W., 1971. Some physicial properties of maple wood treated with ammonia vapor. Wood Sciences, 4/2: 65-70.
17. Rindler, A., Vay, O., Hansmann, C., Muller, U., 2017. Dimensional stability of multi-layered wood-based panels: a review. Wood Sci. Technol., 51: 969–996. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-017-0940-7
18. Simsek, H., Baysal, E., Peker, H., 2010. Some mechanical properties and decay resistance of wood impregnated with environmentally-friendly borates. Construction and Building Materials 24(11): 2279-2284. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.028
19. Stamm, A.J., Seborg, R.M., 1936. Minimizing wood shrinkage and swelling: Treating with synthetic resin-forming materials. Ind. Eng. Chem., 28 (10): 1165-1169.
20. Stamm, A. J., 1955. Swelling of wood and fiberboards in liquid ammonia. Forest Products Journal, 5(6): 413-416.
21. Taghiyari, H.R., Kalantari, A., Ghorbani, M., Bavaneghi, F., Akhtari, M., 2015. Effects of fungal exposure on air and liquid permeability of nanosilverand nanozincoxide-impregnated Paulownia wood. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 105: 51-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.08.014.
22. Var, A.A., Kardaş, İ., 2017. Modulus of rupture, compression strength parallel to grain and static quality value of pine wood treated with geothermal waters from Simav region of Turkey. J. of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 19(1): 93-101. DOI: 10.24011/barofd.295682
23. Xie, Y., Fu, Q., Wang, Q., Xiao, Z., Militz, H., 2013. Effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood. Eur. J. Wood Prod., 71: 401–416. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-013-06.