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Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 187 - 196, 30.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.304351

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the factors
causing the deterioration of the stand structures of chestnut forests in
Kütahya-Simav  and to reveal the relation
between these factors and chestnut diseases. Chestnut forests in Kütahya Simav
were chosen as research area in this study. The damages given to forests in the
result of the combating against chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica, and
harvest of chestnut fruit were investigated in terms of silvicultural
treatments. Three different sample plots were chosen from the research area. In
each sample plot, the diameters, diseases and grafting status (exist or not) of
the trees were determined. Stand structures of these forests were also
investigated. As a result of the study, the disease state of the chestnut
individuals in the sample areas was determined. It was found that on average
11% were completely dry, 6% were partially dry, and 46% were cancerous but
capable of survival. Also, effectiveness in the combating against chestnut
blight of silvicultural treatments was investigated. In the result of
unconscious interventions made by the local people (grafting, harvesting, etc.)
have observed that stand structure of chestnut forests are corrupted and
disease increase.

References

  • Akıllı, S., Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z., Maden, S., 2009. Chestnut cankers in Black Sea Region of Turkey. International Workshop on Chestnut Management in Mediterranean Countries - Problems and Prospects. Acta Hort., 815: 247-252.
  • Akıllı, S., Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z., Maden, S., 2011. Biological control of Chestnut canker, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, by antagonistic organisms and hypovirulent isolates. Türk Tarım Ve Ormancılık Dergisi, doi:10.3906/tar-0912-579-2010.
  • Aksoy, H.M., Serdar, Ü., Soylu, A. 2005. Kestane fidanlarında kansere (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) karşı yapılan uygulamalar. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 20(1): 24-29.
  • Allemann, C., Hoeiniger, P., Heiniger, U., Rigling, D., 1999. Genetic variation of Cryphonectria hypoviruses (Chv1) in Europe assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Molecular Ecology, 8: 843–854.
  • Anagnostakis, S.L., Day, P.R., 1979. Hypovirulence conversion in Endothia parasitica. Phytopathology, 69: 1226–1229.
  • Anagnostakis, S.L., Waggoner, P.E., 1981. Hypovirulence, vegetative incompatibility and the growth of cankers of chestnut blight. Phytopathology, 71: 1198–1202.
  • Anonim, 2013. Kestane Eylem Planı (2013-2017). Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Anonim, 2014. Kestane Hastalıklarına Karşı Standart Çalışma Yöntemleri (SÇY). Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Bourgeois, C., Sevrin, E., Lemaire, J., 2004. The chestnut tree and wood. 2nd revised Edn., Institut pour le Developpement Forestier, Paris.
  • Clark, S., McNab, H., Loftis, D., Zarnoch, S., 2012. American chestnut growth and survival five years after planting in two silvicultural treatments in the Southern Appalachians. USA Forests, 3: 1017-1033.
  • Cortesi, P., Rigling, D., Heiniger, U., 1998. Comparison of vegetative compatibility types in Italian and Swiss populations of Cryphonectria parasitica. European Journal Forest Pathology, 28:167–176.
  • Çoşkun, H., Kural, İ., 1994. Kestane Kanseri Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Hastalığının Mücadelesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar.
  • Çeliker, N.M., 2000. Kestane kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.)'nın hipovirulent ırklarla savaşımı üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Döken, M.T., 2009. Chestnut blight and a review of the related studies in Turkey. International Workshop on Chestnut Management in Mediterranean Countries - Problems and Prospects. Acta Hort., 815: 213-219.
  • FAO, 2015. Management of Chestnut Blight and Increased Capacity for Improving Forest Health and Vitality. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Project code: TCP/TUR/3401
  • Fernandez-Lopez, J., Alia, R., 2003. EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Rome, Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
  • Genç, M., Gafar, C., Bilir, N., Güner, Ş.T., Gülcü, S. 2001. Isparta-Ayazma Anadolu kestane (An Anatolian Chestnut) meşceresi. Tabiat ve İnsan, 35(3): 20-28.
  • Griffin, G.J., Robbins, N., Hogan, E.P., Farias-Santopietro, G., 2004. Nucleotide sequence identification of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 infecting Cryphonectria parasitica on grafted American chestnut trees 12–18 years after inoculation with a hypovirulent strain mixture. Forest Pathology, 34: 33-46.
  • Hillman, B.I, Fulbright, D.W., Nuss, D.L., Van Alfen, N.K., 1995. Hypoviridae., in Sixth Report of the International Committee fort he Taxonomy of viruses, (eds F.A. Murphy, C.M. Fauquet, D.H.L. Bishop, S.A. Ghabrial, A.W. Jarvis, G.P. Martelli, M.P. Mayo and M.D. Summers), Springer Verlag, New York, 261-264.
  • Huss, J., Kahveci, O., 2009. Türkiye’deki Doğaya Yakın Yapraklı Orman İşletmeciliği. OGEM-VAK, Freiburg-Ankara. Kapucu, F., Yavuz, H., Gül, A.U., Mısır, N., 2002. Kestane Meşcerelerinin Hasılatı ve Amenajmanı Esasları. Proje Sonuç Raporu, TÜBİTAK TOGTAG TARP-2229, Trabzon.
  • Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z., Maden, S., Akıllı, S., Serçe, Ç.U., 2010. Karadeniz Bölgesinde Kestane Kanserinin Biyolojik Mücadelesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri, Proje no: 06 B 4347004.
  • Kayacık, H., 1981. Orman ve Park Ağaçlarının Özel Sistematiği, II. Cilt Angiosperma. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Yayın No:2766/287, İstanbul.
  • Kerr, G., Evans, J., 1993. Growing Broadleaves for Timber. Forest Commission Handbook, No. 9 HMSO, London, United Kingdom.
  • Ketenoğlu,, O., Tug, G.N., Kurt, L. 2010. An ecological and syntaxonomical overview of Castanea sativa and a new association in Turkey. Jorunal of Enviromental Biology, 31:81-86.
  • Kulaç, Ş., Özbayram, A.K., Değermenci, Z., Küçük, E.D., Karadağ, A., 2015. Anadolu kestanesinde (Castanea sativa L.) tohum büyüklüğünün çimlenme yüzdesi ve fidan morfolojisine etkisi. Ormancılık dergisi, 10(2): 36-42.
  • Manetti, M.C., Amorini, E., Becagli, C., Conedera, M., Giudici, F., 2001. Productive potential of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) stands in Europe. For. Snow Land. Res., 76: 471–476.
  • Nuss, D.L., 1992. Biological control of chestnut blight: an example of virüs-mediated attenuation of fungal pathogenesis. Microbiological Reviews, 56(4): 561-576.
  • Roberts, M.R., Gilliam, F.S., 1995. Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosistems: implications for forest management. Ecol. Appl., 5(4): 969-977.
  • Robin, C., Anziani, C., Cortesi, P., 2000. Relationship between biological control, incidence of hypovirulence and diversity of vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica in France. Phytopathology, 90: 730–737.
  • Sotirovski, K., Papazova-Anakieva, I., Grünwald, N.J., Milgroom, M.G., 2004. Low diversity of vegetative compatibility types and mating type of Cryphonectria parasitica in the Southern Balkans. Plant Pathology, 53: 325–333.
  • Soylu, A., 2004. Chestnut Growing and Specialities. Hasad Publication. pp: 64, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Topaçoğlu O., Yer E.N., Baycan R., 2016. İnebolu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğündeki Anadolu kestanesi (Castanea sativa Mill.) ormanlarının meçcere kuruluşu ve doğal gençleşme örnekleri. Kastamonu Uni., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 16(2): 622-631.
  • Turna, İ., 2013. Kestane Ormanlarının Silvikültürü, Giresun Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Silvikültür Eğitim Semineri Sunusu.
  • Turna, İ., Atar, F., Atar, E., 2014. Important of chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) as non-wood forest products in forestry of Turkey. 3rd International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium, 08-10 May., Kahramanmaraş, pp:958-967.
  • Villani, F., Pıglıuccı, M., Benedettellı, M., Cherubını, M., 1991. Genetic differentiation among Turkish chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations. Heredity, 66:131-136.
  • Yaltırık, F., 1993. Dendroloji Ders Kitabı, II. Angiosperma (Kapalı Tohumlular) Bölüm II., İstanbul.

Kestane dal kanseri ile mücadelenin silvikültürel yönden değerlendirilmesi: Kütahya Simav örneği

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 187 - 196, 30.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.304351

Abstract

Çalışma kapsamında Kütahya-Simav kestane ormanlarının
meşcere yapılarının bozulmasına neden olan etmenlerin belirlenmesi ve bu
etmenlerin kestane hastalıkları ile ilişkisinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışmada araştırma alanı olarak kestanenin doğal yayılış alanlarından biri
olan Kütahya Simav ormanları seçilmiştir. Simav kestane ormanlarında kestane
dal kanseri ile mücadelenin ve kestane meyve hasat şeklinin silvikültürel
müdahaleler açısından ormana verdiği zararlar incelenmiştir. Araştırma
alanından 3 farklı örnek alan alınmış, her bir örnek alandaki bireylerin
çapları, hastalık durumu ve aşılı olup olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu
ormanların meşcere kuruluşları (ağaç türü karışımı) incelenmiştir. Çalışma
sonucunda örnek alanlardaki kestane bireylerinin hastalık durumu incelediğinde
ortalama %11’nin tamamen kuruduğu, %6’sinin kısmen kuru olduğu ve %46’sinin
kanserli ama yaşama kabiliyetinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.  Ayrıca silvikültürel müdahalelerin (sürgün
tekleme, budama, vb.) kestane dal kanseri ile mücadelede etkinliği ortaya
konulmuştur. Yöre halkı tarafından yapılan bilinçsiz müdahaleler (aşılama,
hasat şekli vb.) sonucunda kestane ormanlarının meşcere kuruluşlarının
bozulduğu ve hastalığın artmasına neden olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Akıllı, S., Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z., Maden, S., 2009. Chestnut cankers in Black Sea Region of Turkey. International Workshop on Chestnut Management in Mediterranean Countries - Problems and Prospects. Acta Hort., 815: 247-252.
  • Akıllı, S., Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z., Maden, S., 2011. Biological control of Chestnut canker, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, by antagonistic organisms and hypovirulent isolates. Türk Tarım Ve Ormancılık Dergisi, doi:10.3906/tar-0912-579-2010.
  • Aksoy, H.M., Serdar, Ü., Soylu, A. 2005. Kestane fidanlarında kansere (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) karşı yapılan uygulamalar. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 20(1): 24-29.
  • Allemann, C., Hoeiniger, P., Heiniger, U., Rigling, D., 1999. Genetic variation of Cryphonectria hypoviruses (Chv1) in Europe assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Molecular Ecology, 8: 843–854.
  • Anagnostakis, S.L., Day, P.R., 1979. Hypovirulence conversion in Endothia parasitica. Phytopathology, 69: 1226–1229.
  • Anagnostakis, S.L., Waggoner, P.E., 1981. Hypovirulence, vegetative incompatibility and the growth of cankers of chestnut blight. Phytopathology, 71: 1198–1202.
  • Anonim, 2013. Kestane Eylem Planı (2013-2017). Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Anonim, 2014. Kestane Hastalıklarına Karşı Standart Çalışma Yöntemleri (SÇY). Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Bourgeois, C., Sevrin, E., Lemaire, J., 2004. The chestnut tree and wood. 2nd revised Edn., Institut pour le Developpement Forestier, Paris.
  • Clark, S., McNab, H., Loftis, D., Zarnoch, S., 2012. American chestnut growth and survival five years after planting in two silvicultural treatments in the Southern Appalachians. USA Forests, 3: 1017-1033.
  • Cortesi, P., Rigling, D., Heiniger, U., 1998. Comparison of vegetative compatibility types in Italian and Swiss populations of Cryphonectria parasitica. European Journal Forest Pathology, 28:167–176.
  • Çoşkun, H., Kural, İ., 1994. Kestane Kanseri Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Hastalığının Mücadelesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar.
  • Çeliker, N.M., 2000. Kestane kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr.)'nın hipovirulent ırklarla savaşımı üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Döken, M.T., 2009. Chestnut blight and a review of the related studies in Turkey. International Workshop on Chestnut Management in Mediterranean Countries - Problems and Prospects. Acta Hort., 815: 213-219.
  • FAO, 2015. Management of Chestnut Blight and Increased Capacity for Improving Forest Health and Vitality. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Project code: TCP/TUR/3401
  • Fernandez-Lopez, J., Alia, R., 2003. EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Rome, Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
  • Genç, M., Gafar, C., Bilir, N., Güner, Ş.T., Gülcü, S. 2001. Isparta-Ayazma Anadolu kestane (An Anatolian Chestnut) meşceresi. Tabiat ve İnsan, 35(3): 20-28.
  • Griffin, G.J., Robbins, N., Hogan, E.P., Farias-Santopietro, G., 2004. Nucleotide sequence identification of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 infecting Cryphonectria parasitica on grafted American chestnut trees 12–18 years after inoculation with a hypovirulent strain mixture. Forest Pathology, 34: 33-46.
  • Hillman, B.I, Fulbright, D.W., Nuss, D.L., Van Alfen, N.K., 1995. Hypoviridae., in Sixth Report of the International Committee fort he Taxonomy of viruses, (eds F.A. Murphy, C.M. Fauquet, D.H.L. Bishop, S.A. Ghabrial, A.W. Jarvis, G.P. Martelli, M.P. Mayo and M.D. Summers), Springer Verlag, New York, 261-264.
  • Huss, J., Kahveci, O., 2009. Türkiye’deki Doğaya Yakın Yapraklı Orman İşletmeciliği. OGEM-VAK, Freiburg-Ankara. Kapucu, F., Yavuz, H., Gül, A.U., Mısır, N., 2002. Kestane Meşcerelerinin Hasılatı ve Amenajmanı Esasları. Proje Sonuç Raporu, TÜBİTAK TOGTAG TARP-2229, Trabzon.
  • Katırcıoğlu, Y.Z., Maden, S., Akıllı, S., Serçe, Ç.U., 2010. Karadeniz Bölgesinde Kestane Kanserinin Biyolojik Mücadelesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri, Proje no: 06 B 4347004.
  • Kayacık, H., 1981. Orman ve Park Ağaçlarının Özel Sistematiği, II. Cilt Angiosperma. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, Yayın No:2766/287, İstanbul.
  • Kerr, G., Evans, J., 1993. Growing Broadleaves for Timber. Forest Commission Handbook, No. 9 HMSO, London, United Kingdom.
  • Ketenoğlu,, O., Tug, G.N., Kurt, L. 2010. An ecological and syntaxonomical overview of Castanea sativa and a new association in Turkey. Jorunal of Enviromental Biology, 31:81-86.
  • Kulaç, Ş., Özbayram, A.K., Değermenci, Z., Küçük, E.D., Karadağ, A., 2015. Anadolu kestanesinde (Castanea sativa L.) tohum büyüklüğünün çimlenme yüzdesi ve fidan morfolojisine etkisi. Ormancılık dergisi, 10(2): 36-42.
  • Manetti, M.C., Amorini, E., Becagli, C., Conedera, M., Giudici, F., 2001. Productive potential of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) stands in Europe. For. Snow Land. Res., 76: 471–476.
  • Nuss, D.L., 1992. Biological control of chestnut blight: an example of virüs-mediated attenuation of fungal pathogenesis. Microbiological Reviews, 56(4): 561-576.
  • Roberts, M.R., Gilliam, F.S., 1995. Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosistems: implications for forest management. Ecol. Appl., 5(4): 969-977.
  • Robin, C., Anziani, C., Cortesi, P., 2000. Relationship between biological control, incidence of hypovirulence and diversity of vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica in France. Phytopathology, 90: 730–737.
  • Sotirovski, K., Papazova-Anakieva, I., Grünwald, N.J., Milgroom, M.G., 2004. Low diversity of vegetative compatibility types and mating type of Cryphonectria parasitica in the Southern Balkans. Plant Pathology, 53: 325–333.
  • Soylu, A., 2004. Chestnut Growing and Specialities. Hasad Publication. pp: 64, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Topaçoğlu O., Yer E.N., Baycan R., 2016. İnebolu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğündeki Anadolu kestanesi (Castanea sativa Mill.) ormanlarının meçcere kuruluşu ve doğal gençleşme örnekleri. Kastamonu Uni., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 16(2): 622-631.
  • Turna, İ., 2013. Kestane Ormanlarının Silvikültürü, Giresun Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Silvikültür Eğitim Semineri Sunusu.
  • Turna, İ., Atar, F., Atar, E., 2014. Important of chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) as non-wood forest products in forestry of Turkey. 3rd International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium, 08-10 May., Kahramanmaraş, pp:958-967.
  • Villani, F., Pıglıuccı, M., Benedettellı, M., Cherubını, M., 1991. Genetic differentiation among Turkish chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations. Heredity, 66:131-136.
  • Yaltırık, F., 1993. Dendroloji Ders Kitabı, II. Angiosperma (Kapalı Tohumlular) Bölüm II., İstanbul.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

İbrahim Turna

Mustafa Gökhan Sertkaya This is me

Fahrettin Atar

Publication Date November 30, 2017
Acceptance Date July 20, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Turna, İ., Sertkaya, M. G., & Atar, F. (2017). Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(3), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.304351
AMA Turna İ, Sertkaya MG, Atar F. Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav. Turkish Journal of Forestry. November 2017;18(3):187-196. doi:10.18182/tjf.304351
Chicago Turna, İbrahim, Mustafa Gökhan Sertkaya, and Fahrettin Atar. “Evaluation of the Combating Against Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria Parasitica) in Terms of Silviculture: The Sample of Kütahya Simav”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 18, no. 3 (November 2017): 187-96. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.304351.
EndNote Turna İ, Sertkaya MG, Atar F (November 1, 2017) Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav. Turkish Journal of Forestry 18 3 187–196.
IEEE İ. Turna, M. G. Sertkaya, and F. Atar, “Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 187–196, 2017, doi: 10.18182/tjf.304351.
ISNAD Turna, İbrahim et al. “Evaluation of the Combating Against Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria Parasitica) in Terms of Silviculture: The Sample of Kütahya Simav”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 18/3 (November 2017), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.304351.
JAMA Turna İ, Sertkaya MG, Atar F. Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2017;18:187–196.
MLA Turna, İbrahim et al. “Evaluation of the Combating Against Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria Parasitica) in Terms of Silviculture: The Sample of Kütahya Simav”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 18, no. 3, 2017, pp. 187-96, doi:10.18182/tjf.304351.
Vancouver Turna İ, Sertkaya MG, Atar F. Evaluation of the combating against chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in terms of silviculture: The sample of Kütahya Simav. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2017;18(3):187-96.