Early Miocene palaeoclimatic reconstruction of Tunçbilek basin

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 93 - 100, 04.07.2019

Hüseyin Tuncay Güner

https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.517228

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The Tunçbilek-Domaniç Basin (Western Anatolia) is one of the most important Neogene coal deposits of Turkey. The age of the basin is early Miocene (~ 23-19 Ma) based on dating of volcanic units by the Ar/Ar method. Field work was conducted about plant macrofossils in Tunçbilek in 2010. Twenty taxa were identified belonging to two gymnosperm and 18 angiosperm genera. Dicot woody plants belonging to the leaf flora were used to reconstruct palaeoclimate by Multivariate Climate Leaf Analysis Program (CLAMP) based on leaf physiognomy. For reconstruction 18 angiosperm taxa collected from the area in addition 3 taxa determined in previous studies total of 21 taxa were used. The reconstructed values for selected climatic parameters are as follows: mean annual temperature (MAT) 12.1-14.5 °C; warmest month mean temperature (WMMT) 22.5-25.2 °C; coldest month mean temperature (CMMT) 1.6-5.4 °C; length of growing season (GROWSEAS) 6.9-8.3 months; growing season precipitation (GSP) 940-1380 mm; precipitation during the three consecutive wettest months (X3.Wet) 490-790 mm; precipitation during the three consecutive driest months (X3.Dry) 170-230 mm. Overall, CLAMP values expressed as Köppen climate types indicate that the Tunçbilek basin had a warm temperate climate with hot summers (Cfa) during the early Miocene.

Keywords

CLAMP, Western Anatolia, Aquitanian, Macrofossils, Leaf physiognomy

Tunçbilek havzası erken Miyosen paleoiklimsel rekonstrüksiyonu

Abstract

Tunçbilek-Domaniç Havzası (Batı Anadolu) Türkiye’nin Neojen yaşlı en önemli kömür yataklarından bir tanesidir. Havzanın yaşı, volkanitlerin Ar/Ar yöntemiyle yaşlandırılması sonucu bütünüyle Erken Miyosen dönemine (~23-19 Ma) tarihlenir. 2018 yılında Tunçbilek’te bitki makrofosilleri ile ilgili arazi çalışması yapılmıştır. Bitki fosilleri bakımından zengin olan havzadan makrofosil olarak 2 gymnosperm ve 18 angiosperm cinsine ait 20 taksonun varlığı saptanmıştır. Yaprak florasına ait dikotil odunsu bitkilerin, yaprak fizyonomisi temel alınarak “Çok Değişkenli İklim Yaprak Analiz Programı (CLAMP)” ile paleoiklim rökonstrüksiyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan rökonstrüksiyonda alandan toplanan 18 angiosperm taksonuna ek olarak önceki çalışmalarda belirlenen 3 taksonla birlikte toplam 21 takson kullanılmıştır. İklimsel parametrelere ait değerler: yıllık ortalama sıcaklık (MAT) 12.1-14.5 °C; en sıcak ayın ortalama sıcaklığı (WMMT) 22.5–25.1 °C; en soğuk ayın ortalama sıcaklığı (CMMT) 1.6–5.4 °C; vejetasyon dönemi (GROWSEAS) 6.9-8.3 ay; vejetasyon dönemi yağış (GSP) 940-1380 mm; en nemli üç ayın yağışı (X3.Wet) 490-790 mm; en kurak üç ayın yağışı (X3.Dry) 170-230 mm. Genel olarak, CLAMP değerleri ve bunların Köppen iklim tipleri ile ilişkilendirilmesi Tunçbilek havzasının erken Miyosen boyunca her mevsim yağışlı, yazları sıcak (Cfa) ılıman bir iklime sahip olduğunu gösteriyor.

Keywords

CLAMP, Batı Anadolu, Akuitaniyen, Makrofosiller, Yaprak fizyonomisi

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