The Effect of Childbirth Education and Birth Plan on Childbirth Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Year 2022, , 422 - 433, 20.06.2022

Zeliha Sunay , Tuba Uçar

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1005828

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of birth education given to pregnant women and the birth plan applied together with the education on birth self-efficacy. Methods: The study was conducted as a randomised controlled trial at seven Family Health Centers in Turkey. The pregnant women in the sample were divided into three groups. Group 1 received only childbirth education (Group Education-Group-ED), Group 2 received childbirth education and a birth plan (Group Education & Plan-Group-ED&P), and Group 3 was the control group, all of which included 51 pregnant women. The childbirth education was divided into two sessions of 40-50 minutes each. The Personal Information Form and the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory were used to collect the data between April and September 2017. Results: When the pregnant women's intragroup self-efficacy mean scores were compared after the intervention, it was determined that the pregnant women's birth self-efficacy levels in Group ED and Group ED&P increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas there was no statistically significant increase in the pregnant women's self-efficacy levels in the control group (P>0.05). When the pregnant women's intergroup self-efficacy mean scores were compared after the intervention, it was discovered that Group ED's childbirth self-efficacy level was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). It was also determined that the pregnant women in Group ED&P had similar levels of childbirth self-efficacy to those in the control and Group ED (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings show that providing only childbirth education during pregnancy is the most effective method for increasing the childbirth self-efficacy of pregnant women. (Clinical trials number: NCT04525430)

Keywords

self-efficacy, midwifery, pregnancy, prenatal education, labor

Doğum Eğitimi ve Doğum Planının Doğum Öz-yeterliği Üzerine Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, (2) doğum eğitimi ile uygulanan doğum planının ve (1) yalnız uygulanan doğum eğitiminin gebelerin doğum öz-yeterliliklerini nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Araştırma, Türkiye'de yedi Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde randomize kontrollü olarak yürütülmüştür. Örneklemi oluşturan gebeler 3 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1'e sadece doğum eğitimi (Grup Doğum Eğitimi-Grup-DE), grup 2'ye doğum eğitimi verildi ve doğum planı uygulandı (Grup Doğum Eğitimi & Plan-Grup-DE&P), grup 3 ise kontrol grubuydu. Her bir gruba 51 gebe dahil edildi. Doğum eğitimi, her biri 40-50 dakika süren iki oturumdan oluşuyordu. Veriler Nisan-Eylül 2017 tarihleri arasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Doğum Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin grup içi öz yeterlik puan ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında; girişim sonrası Grup DE ve Grup DE&P'deki gebelerin doğum öz yeterlik düzeylerinin önemli düzeyde arttığı (P<0.05), kontrol grubundaki gebelerin ise öz yeterlik düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir artış olmadığı belirlendi (P>0.05). Gebelerin gruplar arası öz yeterlik puan ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında; müdahale sonrası Grup DE'nin doğum öz-yeterlilik düzeyinin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Ayrıca Grup DE&P'deki gebelerin doğum öz-yeterlik düzeylerinin, kontrol grubu ve Grup DE'ye benzer olduğu belirlendi (P>0.05). Sonuç: Bulgular, gebelikte sadece doğum eğitimi verilmesinin gebelerin doğum öz-yeterliliğini artırmada en etkili yöntem olduğunu göstermektedir. (Clinical trials kimlik numarası: NCT04525430)

Keywords

öz yeterlik, ebelik, gebelik, prenatal eğitim, doğum

References

• 1. Altıparmak S, Coşkun A. Effect of prenatal training on information and satisfaction level of a pregnant woman. Journal of Human Sciences 2016;13:2610–24.
• 2. Aragon MA, Chhoa E, Dayan R, Kluftinger A, Lohn Z, Buhler K. Perspectives of expectant women and health care providers on birth plans. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2013;35:979–85.
• 3. Brixval CS, Axelsen SF, Thygesen LU, Due P, Koushede V. Antenatal education in small classes may increase childbirth self-efficacy: Results from a Danish randomised trial. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 2016;10:32–4.
• 4. Byrne J, Hauck Y, Fisher C, Bayes S, Schutze R. Effectiveness of a mindfullness based childbirth education pilot study on maternal self-efficacy and fear of childbirh. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2014;59:192–7.
• 5. Cook K, Loomis C. The impact of choice and control on women’s childbirth experiences. The Journal of Perinatal Education 2012;21:158–68.
• 6. Deering SH, Zaret J, Mcgaha K, Satin AJ. Patients presenting with birth plans: a case-control study of delivery outcomes. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2007;52:884–7. 7. Dinç H, Yazıcı S, Yılmaz T, Günaydın S. Gebe eğitimi (Pregnancy education). Journal of Health Science and Profession 2014;1:68–76.
• 8. Ersoy Y. Childbirth self-efficacy scale validity and reliability study. Master thesis, Akdeniz University: Health Sciences Institute, Antalya, 2011:77.
• 9. Ip WY, Tan, C, Goggins W. An educational intervention to improve women's ability to cope with childbirth. J Clin Nurs 2019;18:2125–35.
• 10. Ip WY, Chung TK, Tang CS. The Chinese Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory: the development of a short form. J Clin Nurs 2008;17:333–40.
• 11. İşbir GG, Önal H. The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Appl Nurs Res 2016;32:227–32.
• 12. Kaufman T. Evolution of the birth plan. The Journal of Perinatal Education 2007;16: 47–52.
• 13. Kuo SC, Lin KC, Hsu CH, Yang CC, Chang MY, Tsao CM, Lin LC. Evaluation of the effects of a birth plan on Taiwanese women's childbirth experiences, control and expectations fulfilment: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2009;47:806–14.
• 14. Lopezosa PH, Rodriguez MA, Villanueva MCM. Are birth plans associated with improved maternal or neonatal outcomes? Williams & Wilkins 2013;38:150–6.
• 15. Lothian J. Birth plans: the good, the bad, and the future. Association of Women's Health Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses 2005;35:295–303.
• 16. Malata A, Hauck Y, Monterosso L, McCaul K. Development and evaluation of a childbirth education programme for Malawian women. J Adv Nurs 2007;60:67–78.
• 17. Mei JY, Afshar Y, Gregory KD, Kilpatrick SJ, Esakoff, TF. Birth plans: what matters for birth experience satisfaction. Birth 2016;43:144–50.
• 18. Okumuş H, Yenal K, Durgun OY, Öztürk E. Ülkemizde doğuma hazırlık sınıflarına ilişkin yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar:literatür derlemesi. Türkiye Klinikleri 2015;1:16–24.
• 19. Salomonsson B, Berterö C, Alehagen S. Self-efficacy in pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013;42: 191–202.
• 20. Sercekus P, Başkale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery 2016;34:166–172.
• 21. Serçekuş P, Yenal K. Doğuma hazırlık sınıflarının Türkiye’deki gelişimi. Türkiye Klinikleri 2015;1:33–5.
• 22. Spinelli A, Baglio G, Donati S, Grandolfo ME, Osborn J. Do antenatal classes benefit the mother and her baby? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2003;13:94–101.
• 23. Whitford HM, Hillan EM. Women’s perceptions of birth plans. Midwifery 1998;14:248–53.
• 24. Whitford HM, Entwistle VA, Van Teijlingen E, Aitchison PE, Davidson T, Humphrey T, Tucker J. Use of a birth plan within woman-held maternity records: a qualitative study with women and staff in northeast Scotland. Birth 2014;41:283–9.
• 25. Yam EA, Grossman AA, Goldman LA, Garcia SG. Introducing birth plans in Mexico: An exploratory study in a hospital serving low-income Mexicans. Birth 2007;34:42–8.