Determination of Oral Health Status in Patients Admitted to a University Hospital: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Aim: Oral mucosa, tongue, dentition and bone are important parameters for oral and systemic health care. A wide variety of lesions and conditions, either harmless or harmful, can affect the oral cavity. Identification and treatment of these conditions are an important part of oral health care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general oral health status, by assessing the prevalence and types of mucosal, tongue, dental and jaw lesions, in a group of patients. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in a group of 314 dental outpatients. Participants’ oral mucosal, tongue, dental, jaw lesions and their locations were recorded. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Three hundred and fourteen patients (40.1% female, 59.9% male), 148 (47.1%) of whom exhibited one or more mucosal lesions, 40 (12.7%) tongue lesions, 242 (77.1%) one or more acquired dental conditions, 61 (19.4%) one or more dental anomalies, and 22 (7.0%) bone manifestations in the jaws. The most commonly detected mucosal lesions were Fordyce’s granules (20.1%), linea alba buccalis (16.9%), melanoplakia (15.9%), and frictional keratosis (2.5%). Fissured tongue (8.0%), geographic tongue (1.6%), lingual varicosity (1.3%) and coated tongue (1.3%) were the most commonly determined tongue lesions. The most commonly detected dental anomalies were hypodontia (6.1%), microdontia (4.1%), dilaceration (4.1%), and enamel hypoplasia (2.5%). Exostoses (4.1%), enostoses (1.0%) and fibro-osseous lesions (1.0%) were the most commonly detected bone manifestations in the jaws. Conclusion: Oral mucosal and tongue lesions could be a sign of systemic diseases and also could form a base for oral cancers. In this study oral mucosal lesions and tongue lesions prevalence were high but fortunately all the detected conditions were harmless, benign conditions. This emphasizes the importance of familiarity, awareness, and differentiation of these lesions and conditions to avoid unnecessary treatments.

Keywords

• Oral health,oral mucosal lesions,tooth anomalies

References

1. 1. Langlais RP, Miller CS. Color atlas of common oral diseases. Malvern, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1992. p.12-23, 34, 42-99.
2. 2. Triantos D. Intra-oral findings and general health conditions among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Greece. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34: 577-582.
3. 3. Avcu N, Kanli A. The prevalence of tongue lesions in 5150 Turkish dental outpatients. Oral Dis 2003; 9: 188-195.
4. 4. Cebeci ARİ, Gülşahı A, Kamburoğlu K, Orhan BK, Öztaş B. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Turkish population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2009; 14: E272-E277.
5. 5. Ghanaei FM, Joukar F, Rabiei M, Dadashzadeh A, Valeshabad AK. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Iranian population. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15: 600-604.
6. 6. Altug-Atac AT, Erdem D. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 131: 510-514.
7. 7. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation. 5th ed. St. Louis, Missouri; 2004.p.330-383, 410-457, 485-515.
8. 8. Gökalp S, Güçiz Doğan B, Tekçiçek M, Berberoğlu A, Ünlüer Ş. The oral health profile of adults and elderly, Turkey-2004. Hacettepe Diş Hek Fak Derg 2007; 4: 11-18.

9. 9. Kulak-Özkan Y, Ozkan Y, Kazazoglu E, Arikan A. Dental caries prevalence, tooth brushing and periodontal status in 150 young people in İstanbul: A pilot study. Int Dent J 2001; 51: 451-456.
10. 10. Parlak AH, Koybasi S, Yavuz T, Yesildal N, Anul H, Aydogan I, et al. Prevalence of oral lesions in 13- to 16-year-old students in Duzce, Turkey. Oral Dis 2006; 12: 553-558.
11. 11. Mumcu G, Cimilli H, Sur H, Hayran O, Atalay T. Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: a cross-sectional study in Turkey. Oral Dis 2005; 11: 81-87.
12. 12. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys, basic methods 4th ed. Geneva WHO 1997: p.32-33.
13. 13. Feng J, Zhou Z, Shen X, Wang Y, Shi L, Wang Y, et al. Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44: 490-494.
14. 14. Kovac-Kavcic M, Skaleric U. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia. J Oral Pathol Med 2000; 29: 331-335.
15. 15. Reichart PA. Oral mucosal lesions in a representative cross-sectional study of aging Germans. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28: 390-398.
16. 16. Jainkittivong A, Aneksuk V, Langlais RP. Oral mucosal conditions in eldery dental patients. Oral Dis 2002; 8: 218-223.
17. 17. Mathew AL, Pai KM, Sholapurkar AA, Vengal M. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Southern India. Indian J Dent Res 2008; 19: 99-103.
18. 18. Sandeepa NC, Jaishankar HP, Sharath Chandra B, Abhinetra MS, Darshan DD, Deepika N. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among Pre-University students of Kodava population in Coorg District. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5: 35-41.
19. 19. Çelik İ, Güngör K. Oral mucosal lesions. T Klin J Dent Sci 2004; 10: 11-15.
20. 20. Ali M, Joseph B, Sundaram D. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients of the Kuwait University Dental Center. Saudi Dent J 2013; 25: 111-118.
21. 21. Diaz-Canel AIM, Vallejo MJGP. Epidemiological study of oral mucosal pathology in patients of the Oviedo School of Stomatology. Med Oral 2002; 7: 4-9.
22. 22. Ceylan C. Pseudopathologies and examination of the oral mucosa. Türkderm 2012; 46: 60-65.
23. 23. Patil S, Kaswan S, Rahman F, Doni B. Prevalence of tongue lesions in the Indian population. J ClinExp Dent 2013; 5: e128-e132.
24. 24. Evren Akalin B, Uludamar A, Işeri U, Kulak Ozkan Y. The association between socioeconomic status, oral hygiene practice, denture stomatitis and oral status in eldery people living different residential homes. Archives of Gerodontology and Geriatrics 2011; 53: 252-257.
25. 25. Tsanidou E, Nena E, Rossos A, Lendengolts Z, Nikolaidis C, Tselebonis A, et al. Caries prevalence and manganese and iron levels of drinking water in school children living in a rural/semi-urban region of North-Eastern Greece. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20: 404-409.
26. 26. Paula JS, Ambrosano GMB, Mialhe FL. The impact of social determinants on schoolchildren’s oral health in Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29: 1-9.
27. 27. Al-Maweri SA, Al-Soneidar WA, Halboub ES. Oral lesions and dental status among institutionalized orphans in Yemen: A matched case-control study. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5: 81-84.
28. 28. Shaffer JR, Leslie EJ, Feingold E, Govil M, McNeil DW, Crout RJ, et al. Caries experience differs between females and males across age groups in Northern Appalachia. Int J Dent 2015; 2015: 1-8. Doi: 10.1155/2015/938213.
29. 29. Aydemir H, Koca Ceylan G. Dental health levels of the population lives in the middle part of Black Sea region. A Ü Diş Hek Fak Derg 1999; 9: 96-99.
30. 30. Pekiner FN, Borahan MO, Gümrü B, Aytugar E. Rate of incidental findings of pathology and dental anomalies in paediatric patients: a radiographic study. MÜSBED 2011; 1: 112-116.
31. 31. Patil S, Doni B, Kaswan S, Rahman F. Prevalence of dental anomalies in Indian population. J Clin Exp Dent 2013; 5: e183-e186.
32. 32. Bekiroglu N, Mete S, Ozbay G, Yalcinkaya S, Kargul B. Evaluation of panoramic radiographs taken from 1056 Turkish children. Niger J Clin Pract 2015; 18: 8-12.
33. 33. Uslu O, Akcam MO, Evirgen S, Cebeci I. Prevalence of dental anomalies in various malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 135: 328-335.
34. 34. Kırzıoğlu Z, Köseler Şentut T, Özay Ertürk MS, Karayılmaz H. Clinical features of hypodontia and associated dental anomalies: a retrospective study. Oral Dis 2005; 11: 399-404.
35. 35. Loukas M, Hulsberg P, Tubbs RS, Kapos T, Wartmann CT, Shaffer K, et al. The tori of the mouth and ear: a review. Clin Anat 2013; 26: 953-960.
36. 36. Sathya K, Kanneppady SK, Arishiya T. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori among outpatients in Northern Malaysia. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2012; 2: 15-19.
37. 37. Yoshinaka M, Ikebe K, Furuya-Yoshinaka M, Maeda Y. Prevalence of torus mandibularis among a group of elderly Japanese and its relation with occlusal force. Gerodontology 2014; 31: 117-122.
38. 38. Alsharif MJ, Sun ZJ, Chen XM, Wang SP, Zhao YF. Benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: a study of 127 Chinese patients and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2009; 17: 122-134.
39. 39. Netto JNS, Cerri JM, Miranda AMMA, Pires FR. Benign fibro-osseous lesions: clinicopathologic features from 143 cases diagnosed in an oral diagnosis setting. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115: e56-e65.