The Breastfeeding in Adolescent Mothers

Abstract

World Health Organization defined the adolescent period between the ages of 10-19 and declared that one out of every six people are adolescent. Physical and psychological changes in this period might cause risky behaviors such as drug abuse, sexual intercourse with no protection and unwanted pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancies are an important health problem in both developed and developing countries. Risk factors of adolescent pregnancy are complicated and miscellaneous. Abortus, threat of premature birth, hypertension in pregnancy, anemia, low weight of the newborn, congenital anomaly risk, increased neonatal mortality and breast feeding problems are some of them. For adolescent mothers, who are in a risky period for many aspects, low rates of starting and continuing breast feeding is another important and neglected problem affecting mother's and newborn's health negatively. Low socio-economic condition, absence of partner, inadequate social support, negative support of parents and couple, pain, cultural factors, lack of knowledge, negative experiences, breast feeding intention, manner regarding breast feeding and self-sufficiency were reported as factors affecting the breast feeding.

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, adölesan dönemini 10-19 yaşları arasındaki dönem olarak tanımlamakta ve dünyada her altı kişiden birinin adölesan olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu dönemde gerçekleşen fiziksel ve psikolojik değişiklikler, madde bağımlılığı, korunmasız cinsel ilişki ve istenmeyen gebelikler gibi bazı riskli davranışlara neden olabilmektedir. Hem gelişmiş, hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde adölesan gebelikler önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Adölesan gebeliğin risk faktörleri, çok yönlü ve karmaşıktır. Abortus, erken doğum tehditi, gebelikte hipertansiyon, anemi, düşük doğum ağırlığı, konjenital anomali riski, artmış neonatal mortalite ve emzirme problemleri bunlar arasında sayılabilir. Birçok açıdan riskli bir dönemde olan adölesan anneler arasında emzirmeye başlama, emzirmeye devam etme oranlarının az olması da, anne ve bebeğin sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen ve göz ardı edilen önemli sorunlardandır. Düşük sosyoekonomik durum, partner yokluğu, sosyal destek yetersizliği, olumsuz anne ve eş desteği, ağrı, kültürel etkiler, bilgi eksikliği, olumsuz deneyimler, emzirme niyeti, emzirmeye ilişkin tutum ve öz-yeterlilik emzirmeyi etkileyen faktörler olarak belirtilmektedir. 

Keywords

• adolescent,motherhood,breastfeeding

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