Potential Effects of Magnesium on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Magnesium, which is the cofactor for many enzymes in the body is involved in important mechanisms such as regulation of body temperature, synthesis of nucleic acid and protein. Magnesium also plays an important role in the metabolism of carbonhydrate and lipids. Its role in such situations as diabetes mellitus is remarkable. Magnesium is suggested to play a role in glucose homeostasis due to the effects of insulin secretion and glucose uptake by cells. Although not in all cases, diabetes mellitus is often thought to be associated with magnesium deficiency. In addition, the inverse relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is indicated. Gestational diabetes mellitus, a type of diabetes mellitus, is a common complication during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus, which negatively affects health of both maternal and newborn is associated with increased risk of macrosomia, preeclampsia, caesarean delivery and neonatal hypoglycemia. Maternal magnesium deficiency could be a risk factor both for maternal and newborn health. Hypomagnesemia in pregnancy is reported to be a potential contributing factor to problems such as hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery and intra uterine growth retardation. In this review, potential effects of magnesium on pregnancy, diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus will be discussed.

Vücutta birçok enzimin kofaktörü olan magnezyum, vücut sıcaklığının düzenlenmesi, nükleik asit ve protein sentezi gibi önemli mekanizmalarda görev almaktadır. Karbonhidrat ve lipit metabolizmasında da görev aldığı için diabetes mellitus gibi durumlarda rolü dikkat çekmektedir. İnsülin sekresyonu ve hücrelerin glukoz alımında etkisi nedeni ile magnezyumun glukoz homeostazında rol aldığı düşünülmektedir. Tüm vakalarda olmamakla birlikte, genellikle diabetes mellitusun magnezyum eksikliğiyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca diyetle magnezyum alımı ve tip 2 diabetes mellitus riski arasında ters ilişki olduğu belirtilmektedir. Diabetes mellitusun bir türü olan gestasyonel diabetes mellitus (GDM) gebelik döneminde sık karşılaşılan bir komplikasyondur. Hem anne hem bebek sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkileyen gestasyonel diabetes mellitus; makrozomi, preeklampsi, sezaryen doğum, neonatal hipoglisemi riskinde artış ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Maternal magnezyum eksikliği hem annenin hem de bebeğin sağlığı için risk oluşturabilir. Gebelikte hipomagnezeminin hipertansif bozukluklar, gestasyonel diabetes mellitus, preterm doğum, intrauterin büyüme geriliği gibi sorunlara katkıda bulunabilen bir faktör olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemede, magnezyumun gebelik dönemi, diabetes mellitus ve gestasyonel diabetes mellitus üzerindeki olası etkileri tartışılacaktır.

Keywords

• Magnesium,pregnancy,diabetes mellitus,gestational diabetes mellitus

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