The Relationship Between Participation in Mammography Screening Program and Health Literacy

Abstract

Background/Aim: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women around the world. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect participation in a mammography screening program, and analyze the effect of health literacy on women’s level of participation in this program.Methods: The study was planned as a case-control study. Women aged 40-69 years were included in the study. The cases consisted of women who had never participated in the mammography screening program before, and controls consisted of women who had participated in the mammography screening program in the last two years. The study used Turkey Health Literacy Scale and a data form that included questions about participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for not having participated in the screening program. The data were collected in a family health center and the Cancer Early Diagnosis Screening and Training Centers (CEDSTC) between April and June 2017 during individual interviews.Results/Findings: A total of 619 individuals (case group: 212; control group: 407) participated in this study. The scores of the women that had not participated in the mammography screening program on health literacy scale (29.2±6.8) were lower than that of the women that had participated in this program (33.7±4.8) (p<0.05). In logistic regression analysis, having benign breast diseases (OR: 0.04) and breast cancer history of their family (OR: 0.36) and friends (OR: 0.22) decrease the risk of avoiding mammography screening. This risk of not participating in screening was higher among the women that were working in jobs bringing income to them (OR: 1.74). In addition, the numerical variables, health literacy score (OR: 0.84), age (OR: 0.96) and number of children (OR: 0.62) increased, the risk of not participating in the screening program was found to decrease.Conclusion: Improving health literacy in women is a factor that positively affects participation in breast cancer screening program. It is also necessary to plan support for women in working life to increase participation in the screening programs. Giriş/Amaç: Meme kanseri, dünyada kadınlarda en sık görülen kanser türüdür. Bu çalışmada, kadınların ulusal meme kanseri tarama programına katılımını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek ve sağlık okuryazarlığının katılım üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, olgu kontrol çalışması olarak plandı. Çalışmaya, 40-69 yaş arasındaki kadınlar dahil edildi. Olgular daha önce tarama programına katılmamış kadınlardan, kontroller ise son iki yıl içerisinde meme kanseri tarama programına katılan kadınlardan oluşuyordu. Araştırmada, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ve katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve tarama programına katılmama nedenleri hakkında sorular içeren bir veri formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler Nisan-Haziran 2017 ayları arasında bir aile sağlığı merkezi ve Kanser Erken Teşhis, Tarama ve Eğitim Merkezi (KETEM)’nde yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 619 kişi (olgu grubu: 212; kontrol grubu: 407) katılmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeğinde meme kanseri tarama programına katılmayan kadınların skoru (29,2 ± 6,8), tarama programa katılanların skorundan daha düşüktü (33,7 ± 4,8) (p <0,05). Lojistik regresyon analizinde, iyi huylu meme hastalıklarına sahip olma (OR: 0.04), ailede (OR: 0.36) veya arkadaşları arasında meme kanserinin görülmesi (OR: 0.22) durumunda meme kanseri taramasına katılmama riskinin azaldığı saptandı. Bu risk, gelir getirici işlerde çalışan kadınlarda yüksek saptandı (OR: 1.74). Ek olarak, numerik değişkenler olan sağlık okuryazarlığı skoru (OR: 0.84), yaş (OR: 0.96) ve çocuk sayısının artışı (OR: 0.62), tarama programına katılmama riskini azalttığı saptandı.Sonuç: Kadınlarda sağlık okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi meme kanseri tarama programı katılımına olumlu etki yapan bir faktördür. Ayrıca tarama programına katılımı artırmak için çalışma hayatındaki kadınlara yönelik desteklerin planlanması gereklidir.

Keywords

• Mammography,Screening Program,Health Literacy

References

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