Kanser Tanılı Hastaların Baş Etme Davranışlarında Öz-Etkililik: Ben Kimim ve Neleri Gerçekleştirebilirim?

Abstract

Kanser, bireylerde ortaya çıkardığı semptomlar nedeniyle kişinin hastalığı ile baş etme gücünü azaltmaktadır. Bu durumdaki birey, kendini daha güçsüz hissedebilmekte ve öz etkililik algısı olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Öz etkililik, bireyin gelecekte karşılaşabileceği güç durumların üstesinden gelmede ne derece başarılı olabileceğine ilişkin kendi hakkındaki yargısı ve inancıdır. Öz etkililik teorisi, genellikle insanların başarmaya inandıkları şeylere girişim yaptığını, başarısız olacağına inandıklarına da teşebbüs etmeyeceğini söyler. Öz etkililik, kanser tanılı hastaların tedavi ile ilişkili fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik sorunlarla baş edebilmesi ve bu yeni yaşam sürecine uyum sağlanması bakımından son derece önemlidir. Öz etkililik, iyi oluş ve başarılı bir semptom yönetiminin de etkili bir bileşeni olarak düşünülmektedir. Hemşirelerin bireylerin sağlığını geliştirmeye yönelik olumlu davranışlar edinmelerindeki rolleri de önemlidir. Hemşire ayrıca, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin sürdürülmesi, başarma performansının artırılması, değişikliğe uyumunun sağlanması, aile/sosyal destek mekanizmalarının sürece dâhil edilmesi, cesaretlendirme ve bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesi gibi pek çok değişkeni de yönetmektedir. Böylelikle hemşireler hastaların öz etkililik algılarının yükseltilmesine destek olurlar. Bu derlemenin amacı kanser tanılı hastaların baş etme davranışlarının bir belirleyicisi olan öz etkililik kavramına ilişkin literatür bilgilerinin sunulmasıdır. 

Keywords

• Kanser
• güçlük
• baş etme
• inanç
• öz etkililik
• hemşirelik

Self-Efficacy in Coping Behaviors of Cancer Patients: Who Am I and What Can I Accomplish?

Abstract

Cancer symptoms make patients less able to cope with their health conditions, more vulnerable to negative outcomes, and more likely to develop negative self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is one’s judgment and belief in how successfully one can overcome possible future challenges. The self-efficacy theory holds that people are likely to engage in activities which they believe they can accomplish and avoid those in which they perceive themselves to be incompetent. Self-efficacy is of paramount significance for cancer patients to cope with treatment-related physical, social, and psychological problems and to adapt to new life situations. It should, therefore, be considered an integral part of well-being and success in symptom management. Nurses play a significant role in health-promoting behavior development. Nurses also manage such variables as maintaining activities of daily living, increased success rates, adaptation to change, involving family and social support mechanisms in the process, and encouraging and informing patients. Thus, nurses also support patients to increase their self-efficacy perceptions. The purpose of this review is to present the literature on the concept of self-efficacy, which is a determinant of the coping behaviors of patients with cancer.

Keywords

• Cancer
• difficulty
• coping
• belief
• self-efficacy
• nursing

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