Potential Effects of Magnesium on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 371 - 378, 20.09.2019

Esra Tuncer Hülya Yardımcı

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.609668

Abstract

Magnesium, which is the cofactor for many
enzymes in the body is involved in important mechanisms such as regulation of
body temperature, synthesis of nucleic acid and protein. Magnesium also plays
an important role in the metabolism of carbonhydrate and lipids. Its role in
such situations as diabetes mellitus is remarkable. Magnesium is suggested to
play a role in glucose homeostasis due to the effects of insulin secretion and
glucose uptake by cells. Although not in all cases, diabetes mellitus is often
thought to be associated with magnesium deficiency. In addition, the inverse
relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes
mellitus is indicated. Gestational diabetes mellitus, a type of diabetes
mellitus, is a common complication during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes
mellitus, which negatively affects health of both maternal and newborn is
associated with increased risk of macrosomia, preeclampsia, caesarean delivery
and neonatal hypoglycemia. Maternal magnesium deficiency could be a risk factor
both for maternal and newborn health. Hypomagnesemia in pregnancy is reported
to be a potential contributing factor to problems such as hypertensive
disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery and intra uterine
growth retardation. In this review, potential effects of magnesium on
pregnancy, diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus will be
discussed.

Vücutta birçok enzimin kofaktörü olan
magnezyum, vücut sıcaklığının düzenlenmesi, nükleik asit ve protein sentezi
gibi önemli mekanizmalarda görev almaktadır. Karbonhidrat ve lipit
metabolizmasında da görev aldığı için diabetes mellitus gibi durumlarda rolü
dikkat çekmektedir. İnsülin sekresyonu ve hücrelerin glukoz alımında etkisi
nedeni ile magnezyumun glukoz homeostazında rol aldığı düşünülmektedir. Tüm
vakalarda olmamakla birlikte, genellikle diabetes mellitusun magnezyum
eksikliğiyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca diyetle magnezyum alımı ve
tip 2 diabetes mellitus riski arasında ters ilişki olduğu belirtilmektedir. Diabetes
mellitusun bir türü olan gestasyonel diabetes mellitus (GDM) gebelik döneminde
sık karşılaşılan bir komplikasyondur. Hem anne hem bebek sağlığını olumsuz
yönde etkileyen gestasyonel diabetes mellitus; makrozomi, preeklampsi, sezaryen
doğum, neonatal hipoglisemi riskinde artış ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Maternal
magnezyum eksikliği hem annenin hem de bebeğin sağlığı için risk oluşturabilir.
Gebelikte hipomagnezeminin hipertansif bozukluklar, gestasyonel diabetes
mellitus, preterm doğum, intrauterin büyüme geriliği gibi sorunlara katkıda
bulunabilen bir faktör olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemede, magnezyumun
gebelik dönemi, diabetes mellitus ve gestasyonel diabetes mellitus üzerindeki
olası etkileri tartışılacaktır.

Keywords

Magnesium, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus

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