The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels of Overweight and Obese Adolescents: The Sample of İstanbul

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 384 - 390, 20.09.2020

Aysun Ardic

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.665955

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, anxiety and stress levels and socio-demographic characteristics of overweight and obese adolescents.
Methods: The sample of this descriptive study was 206 adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years who were overweight and obese in a secondary school in Istanbul. The data were collected by using ”Socio-Demographic Characteristics Form”, “Beck Depression Inventory”, “Beck Anxiety Inventory” and “Stress Management Subscale of Adolescent Life Style Scale” Descriptive statistical analyzes were based on percent, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum; Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used for the data normalization, and comparative analyzes were performed using the One-way ANOVA, T-Test and Mann Whitney-U Test.
Results: According to the findings of the study, high stress, moderate depression and severe anxiety were determined in overweight and obese adolescents. Depression and anxiety levels were found to be significantly higher in overweight and obese adolescents whose fathers were primary school graduates compared to university graduates. In overweight and obese adolescents with a chronic disease, stress levels were significantly higher than those without stress.
Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that there is a relationship between obesity and depression, anxiety and stress and it is recommended that stress management should be included in the program for obesity prevention and weight loss programs.

Keywords

Adolescent obesity, anxiety, depression, overweight, stress

Fazla Kilolu ve Obez Adolesanların Depresyon Anksiyete ve Stres Düzeyleri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fazla kilolu ve obez adolesanların depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri ile sosyo-demografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-ilişki arayıcı türde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da yer alan bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören fazla kilolu ve obez 10-13 yaşları arasında toplam 206 adolesandan oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Sosyo-Demografik Özellikler Formu”, “Beck Depresyon Ölçeği”, “Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği” ve “Adolesan Yaşam Biçimi Ölçeği’nin Stres Yönetimi Alt Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistik analizleri yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, minimum ve maksimum; verilerin normalitesi Kolmogorov– Smirnov testi, karşılaştırmalı analizler ise One way ANOVA, T-Testi ve Mann Whitney-U Testi kullanılarak yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre fazla kilolu ve obez adolesanlarda yüksek stres, orta düzeyde depresyon ve şiddetli anksiyete belirlenmiştir. Babaları ilköğretim mezunu olan fazla kilolu ve obez adolesanlarda, üniversite mezunu olanlara göre depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyi anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Kronik bir hastalığı olan fazla kilolu ve obez adolesanlarda ise stres düzeyi olmayanlara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları obezite ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasında bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiş olup, obezite önleme ve kilo verdirmeyi amaçlayan programlarda stres yönetiminin mutlaka program içine dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Adolesan sağlığı, Anksiyete, Depresyon, Fazla kiloluluk, Obezite, Stres

References

• 1. World Health Organization [WHO]. Health topics in adolescent health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ topics/adolescent_health/en/ on. Erişim:10 Oca 2020.
• 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2018). Adolescent and school health. Retrieved from http:// www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/index.htm. Erişim: 06 Ocak 2020.
• 3. Ardic A, Erdogan S. The Effectiveness of the COPE Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program: A school based intervention in the middle school adolescents with 12- month follow-up. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2017; 73(6):1377-1389.
• 4. Başara B B, Güler C, Yentür G K, Birge B, Pulgat E, Ekinci M B. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2012. Ankara: Sentez Yayıncılık; 2013. p. 42˗51
• 5. Kelly S, Stephens J, Hoying J, McGovern C, Melynk B M, Militello L. A systematic review of mediators of physical activity, nutrition, and screen time in adolescents: Implications for future research and clinical practice. Nursing Outlook 2017; 65:530-548.
• 6. Abney B H, , Lusk P, Hovermale R, Melnyk B M. Decreasing depression and anxiety in college youth using the creating opportunities for personal empowerment program (COPE). Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 2018; 25(2):89-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/10783903187792
• 7. Fox C, Gross A, Rudser K, Foy A M H, Kelly A S. Depression anxiety and severity of obesity in adolescents: Is emotional eating the link? Clinic Pediatr 2016; 55(12): 1120-1125. doi:10.1177/0009922815615825
• 8. Hammerton G,Thapar A, Thapar A K. Association between obesity and depressive disorder in adolescents at high risk for depression. International Journal of Obesity 2014; 38: 513–519.
• 9. Mannan N, Mamun S D, Clavarino A. Prospective associations between depression and obesity for adolescent males and females- A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. PLoS ONE 2016; 11(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157240
• 10. Tajik E, Latiff L A, Javadi M, Mohammadzadeh M. Stress depression and obesity among adolescents: A narrative review. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2015; 1(1): 001-005.
• 11. Burrows T, Hides L, Brown R, Dayas C V, Kay-Lambkin F. Differences in dietary preferences, personality and mental health in australian adults with and without food addiction. Nutrients 2017; 9, 285. doi:10.3390/nu9030285
• 12. Marmorstein N R, Iacono W G, Legrand L. Obesity and depression in adolescence and beyond: Reciprocal risks. International Journal of Obesity 2014; 38(7): 906–911. doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.19
• 13. Pervanidou P, Chrousos G P. Metabolic consequences of stress during childhood and adolescence. Metabolism Clinicaland Experimental 2012; 61: 611–619. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.10.005
• 14. Russell-Mayhew S, Mcvey G, Bardick A, Ireland A. Mental health, wellness, and childhood overweight/obesity. Journal Of Obesity 2012; Article ID 281801, 9 pages. doi: 10.1155/2012/281801
• 15. Roberts R E, Duong, H T. Is There an association between adolescent sleep restriction and obesity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2016; 79(6): 651–656. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.05.012
• 16. Quek Y, Tam W W S, Zhang M W S, Ho R C M. Exploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews 2017; 18: 742–754. doi: 10.1111/obr.12535
• 17. İskender M, Tura G, Akgül Ö, Turtulla, S. Ortaokul öğrencilerinde aile ortamı, yeme tutumu ve obezite durumları arasındaki ilişki. International Journal of Human Sciences 2014; 11(2): 10-26. doi: 10.14687/ijhs.v11i2.2940
• 18. Kabaran S, Mercanlıgil S M. Adolesan dönem besin seçimlerini hangi faktörler etkilliyor? Güncel pediatri 2013; 11:121-127. doi:10.4274/Jcp.11.10820
• 19. Davison K K, Birch L L. Childhood overweight: a contextual model and recommendations for future research. Obesity Reviews 2001; 2: 159–171.
• 20. Hisli N. Beck depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi 1989; 7: 3–13.
• 21. Ulusoy M, Sahin N H, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. Journal Cognitive Psychotherapy 1998; 12: 163–172.
• 22. Hendricks C S, Murdaugh C, Pender N J. The adolescent lifestyle profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Journal of National Black Nurses Association 20016;17 (2): 1–5.
• 23. Ardic A, Esin M N. The adolescent lifestyle profile scale: reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the instrument. The Journal of Nursing Research 2015; 23 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000052
• 24. Pender N J, Murdaugh C L, Parsons M A. Health Promotion in Nursing Practice, 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson; 2002. p.20–87.
• 25. Adams G B, Murcia A. The association between obesity, depression, and anxiety. Evidence from a community health needs assessment survey. Journal of Georgia Public Health Association 2016; 5(3):573–581.
• 26. Akça S Ö, Selen F, Demir E, Demir T. Cinsiyet ve yaş farklılıklarının ergenlerin depresyon, anksiyete bozukluğu, kendine zarar verme, psikoz, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, alkol-uyuşturucu bağımlılığı ve dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile ilişkili sorunlara etkisi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 2018; 45 (3): 255-264. doi: 10.5798/dicletip.457235
• 27. Öztop D B. Adolesanda ruhsal sorunlar. Turkish Journal of Family Practice 2012; 16:14-8.
• 28. Torres S J, Nowson C A. Relationship between stress eating behaviors and obesity. Nutrition 2007; 23: 887-94.
• 29. Erermis S, Cetin N, Tamar M, Bukusoglu N, Akdeniz F, Goksen D. Is obesity a risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents? Pediatrics International 2004; 46 (3): 296-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01882.x
• 30. Vila G, Zipper E, Dabbas M, Bertrand C, Robert J J, Ricour C, ve ark. Mental disorders in obese childrenand adolecents. Psychosomatic Medicine 2004; 66(3): 387-94.
• 31. Fatima Y, Doi S A, Mamun A A. Longitudinal impact of sleep on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and bias-adjusted meta-analysis. Obesity Review 2015; 16(2): 137-49. doi: 10.1111/obr.12245
• 32. Fatima Y, Doi S A, Mamun A A. Sleep quality and obesity in young subjects: a meta-analysis. Obesity Review 2016; 17(11): 1154-1166. doi: 10.1111/obr.12444
• 33. Miller A L, Lumeng J C, LeBourgeois M K. Sleep patterns and obesity in childhood. Current Opinion Endocrinol Diabetes Obesity 2015; 22(1): 41-7. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000125
• 34. Boutelle K N, Hannan P, Fulkerson J A, Crow SJ, Stice E. Obesity as a prospective predictor of depression in adolescent females. Health Psychology 2010; 29:293–298.
• 35. Calamaro C J, Waite R. Depression and obesity in adolescents what can primary care providers do? The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 2009; 255-261.
• 36. Reeves G M, Postolache T T, Snitker S. Childhood obesity and depression: Connection between these growing problems in growing children. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development 2008; 1(2): 103-114.
• 37. Ardic A, Esin M N. Factors associated with healthy lifestyle behaviors in a sample of Turkish adolescents: A school-based study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 2016; 27(6): 583-592. doi: 10.1177/1043659615587585
• 38. Hacihasanoglu R, Yildirim A, Karakurt P, Saglam R. Healthy lifestyle behaviour in university adolescents and influential factors in eastern Turkey. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 43-51. doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01905.x
• 39. Ortabag T, Ozdemir S, Bakir B, Tosun T. Health-promotion and risk behaviors among adolescents in Turkey. Journal of School Nursing 2011; 27: 304-315. doi:10.1177/1059840511408322