Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Identification of Distress Levels in Pregnant Women: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 362 - 367, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.699627

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to identify distress levels and the affecting factors in pregnant women. Methods: This study was conducted in the Non-Stress Test unit of a Maternity and Children Hospital between 1st and 31st of March, 2017 in Turkey. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The participants were 250 pregnant women who met the research criteria and volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected using the “Socio-demographic Form” and “Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale”. Analysis of the data was performed using percentages, means, student t-test, ANOVA, and Linear Regression. Results: The average age of pregnant women was 26.73. Of all the participants, 52.2% graduated from primary school, 93.5% did not work, 79.6% had social security, partners of 43.3% were workers, 74.7% had medium financial level, 79.6% had a nuclear family, 66.1% experienced their first pregnancy, 90,6% had planned their pregnancy, and 64.9% had a living child. The mean score for the total scale was 23.54±7.590; mean score for the negative effect sub-scale was 20.81±6.560, and mean score for the partner involvement sub-scale was 2.73±2.967. According to the cut-off point, 25.3% of pregnant women were found to be distressed. Conclusions: This study found that approximately one-fourth of the pregnant women were distressed, which was considered to result from their socio-demographic and obstetric features. A holistic approach should be applied to pregnant women in their pregnancy follow-ups considering their psychological needs as well as physiological and biological ones.

References

  • 1. Akbas E, Virit O, Kalenderoglu A, Savas AH, Sertbas G. Relation of socio demographic variables in pregnancy with anxiety and depression levels. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2008; 45, 85-91. Available from: http://www. noropsikiyatriarsivi.com/sayilar/386/buyuk/9-13.pdf, March 09, 2020.
  • 2. Daglar G, Nur N. The relationship between anxiety and depression level and coping styles with stress of pregnant women. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal. 2014; 36(4): 429-441.
  • 3. Bennett HA, Einarson A, Koren G, Einarson TR. Prevalence of Depression during Pregnancy: Sistematic Review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 103(4): 698-709.
  • 4. Pereira P, Lovisi G, Lima L, Legay L, Cintra-Santos F, Santos S, et al. Depression during pregnancy: review of epidemiological and clinical aspect in developed and developing countries. Phsychiatric Disorder – Trends and developments InTech. 2011; 267-290.
  • 5. Biratu A, Haile D. Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health. 2015; 12(1): 99.
  • 6. Calik K, Aktas S. Depression in pregnancy prevalence, risk factors and treatment. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2011; 3(1): 142-162.
  • 7. Daglar G, Nur N, Kadioglu M. Affective disorders in pregnancy. KASHED, 2015; 2(1):27-40.
  • 8. Pop VJM, Pommer AM, Pop-Purceleanu M, Wijnen HAA, Bergink V, Pauwer F. Development of the Tilburg pregnancy distress scale: the TPDS. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011; 11(1): 80.
  • 9. Schetter CD, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practic. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012; 25(2): 141–148.
  • 10. ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 757. Screening for perinatal depression. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018;132(5): e208-e212.
  • 11. Capik, A, Apay S, Sakar T. Determination of The Level of Distress in Pregnant Women. Anadolu Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2015; 18:3.
  • 12. 2013 Hacettepe University institute of population studies. population and health survey. Ankara, Turkey: November 2014. (cited 2018 Nov 28). Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/eng/TDHS_2013_main.report.pdf, March 09, 2020. 13. Bekele D, Worku A, Wondimagegn D. Prevalence and associated factors of mental distress during pregnancy among antenatal care attendees at saint paul’s hospital, addis ababa. Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal. 2017; 7(6), 00269.
  • 14. Boakye-Yiadom A, Sihuttu SO, Dutt JB, Dapare PPM, Alhassan A. Perceived stress and anxiety among ghanaian pregnant women. Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences. 2015; 4(2): 29-37.
  • 15. Biseteng T, Mihretia G, Muche T. Prevalence and predictors of depression among pregnant women in debretabor town, northwest ethiopia. PloS one. 2016; 11(9): e0161108.
  • 16. Pereira P. Lovisi G, Lima L, Legay L. Depression during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors among women attending a public health clinic in rio de janeiro, brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2009, 25(12), 2725-2736.
  • 17. Cakir L, Can H. Relation between sociodemographic variables with the levels of depression and anxiety in pregnancy. Turkish Family Physician. 2011; 3(2): 35-42
  • 18. Jonsdottir S, Thome M, Steingrimsdottir T, Lydsdottir L, Sigurdsson J, Olafsdottir H, et al. Partner Relationship, Social support and perinatal distress among pregnant Icelandic women. Women and Birth. 2017; 30(1): e46-e55.
  • 19. Yilmaz S, Beji N. Levels of coping with stress, depression and prenatal attachment and affecting factors of pregnant women. Journal of General Medicine. 2010; 20(3): 99-108.
  • 20. Tandu-Umba B, Dedetemo D, Mananga G. Maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 4 (3): 61-370.
  • 21. Tekgoz I, Sunay D, Caylan A, Kısa C. Assessment of anxiety disorders and related factors at the third trimester of pregnancy. Turkish Journal of Family Practice. 2009; 13(3): 132-136.

Gebelerin Distres Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Tanımlayıcı ve Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 362 - 367, 20.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.699627

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı gebelerde distres düzeyinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya alınma kriterlerine uyan ve çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 250 gebe araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Tilburg Gebelikte Distres Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; Yüzde, Ortalama, Student t testi ve ANOVA ve Linear Regresyon kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin, yaş ortalamasının 26,94±5,73 olduğu, % 52,2’sinin ilkokul mezunu olduğu, %93,5’inin çalışmadığı, %79,6’sının sosyal güvencesinin olduğu, % 43,3’ünün eşinin işci olduğu, %74,7’sinin ekonomik durumunun orta düzeyde olduğu, %79,6’sının çekirdek aileye sahip olduğu, %66,1’inin ilk gebeliği olmadığı, %90,6’sının isteyerek gebe kaldığı, %64,9’unun yaşayan çocuğu olduğu saptanmıştır. Gebelerin toplam ölçek puan ortalamasının 23,54±7,590, olumsuz duygulanım ölçek puan ortalamasının 20,81±6,560, eş katılımı ölçek puan ortalamasının 2,73±2,967 olduğu saptanmıştır. Kesme noktasına göre % 25.3’ünün streste olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, gebelerin yaklaşık dörtte birinin distreste olduğu görülmektedir. Gebeler sadece fizyolojik ve biyolojik gereksinimler açıdan değil psikolojik gereksinimleri de göz önüne alınarak, gebelik takiplerine bütüncül yaklaşılmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Akbas E, Virit O, Kalenderoglu A, Savas AH, Sertbas G. Relation of socio demographic variables in pregnancy with anxiety and depression levels. Archives of Neuropsychiatry. 2008; 45, 85-91. Available from: http://www. noropsikiyatriarsivi.com/sayilar/386/buyuk/9-13.pdf, March 09, 2020.
  • 2. Daglar G, Nur N. The relationship between anxiety and depression level and coping styles with stress of pregnant women. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal. 2014; 36(4): 429-441.
  • 3. Bennett HA, Einarson A, Koren G, Einarson TR. Prevalence of Depression during Pregnancy: Sistematic Review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 103(4): 698-709.
  • 4. Pereira P, Lovisi G, Lima L, Legay L, Cintra-Santos F, Santos S, et al. Depression during pregnancy: review of epidemiological and clinical aspect in developed and developing countries. Phsychiatric Disorder – Trends and developments InTech. 2011; 267-290.
  • 5. Biratu A, Haile D. Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health. 2015; 12(1): 99.
  • 6. Calik K, Aktas S. Depression in pregnancy prevalence, risk factors and treatment. Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2011; 3(1): 142-162.
  • 7. Daglar G, Nur N, Kadioglu M. Affective disorders in pregnancy. KASHED, 2015; 2(1):27-40.
  • 8. Pop VJM, Pommer AM, Pop-Purceleanu M, Wijnen HAA, Bergink V, Pauwer F. Development of the Tilburg pregnancy distress scale: the TPDS. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011; 11(1): 80.
  • 9. Schetter CD, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practic. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012; 25(2): 141–148.
  • 10. ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 757. Screening for perinatal depression. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018;132(5): e208-e212.
  • 11. Capik, A, Apay S, Sakar T. Determination of The Level of Distress in Pregnant Women. Anadolu Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2015; 18:3.
  • 12. 2013 Hacettepe University institute of population studies. population and health survey. Ankara, Turkey: November 2014. (cited 2018 Nov 28). Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/eng/TDHS_2013_main.report.pdf, March 09, 2020. 13. Bekele D, Worku A, Wondimagegn D. Prevalence and associated factors of mental distress during pregnancy among antenatal care attendees at saint paul’s hospital, addis ababa. Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal. 2017; 7(6), 00269.
  • 14. Boakye-Yiadom A, Sihuttu SO, Dutt JB, Dapare PPM, Alhassan A. Perceived stress and anxiety among ghanaian pregnant women. Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences. 2015; 4(2): 29-37.
  • 15. Biseteng T, Mihretia G, Muche T. Prevalence and predictors of depression among pregnant women in debretabor town, northwest ethiopia. PloS one. 2016; 11(9): e0161108.
  • 16. Pereira P. Lovisi G, Lima L, Legay L. Depression during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors among women attending a public health clinic in rio de janeiro, brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2009, 25(12), 2725-2736.
  • 17. Cakir L, Can H. Relation between sociodemographic variables with the levels of depression and anxiety in pregnancy. Turkish Family Physician. 2011; 3(2): 35-42
  • 18. Jonsdottir S, Thome M, Steingrimsdottir T, Lydsdottir L, Sigurdsson J, Olafsdottir H, et al. Partner Relationship, Social support and perinatal distress among pregnant Icelandic women. Women and Birth. 2017; 30(1): e46-e55.
  • 19. Yilmaz S, Beji N. Levels of coping with stress, depression and prenatal attachment and affecting factors of pregnant women. Journal of General Medicine. 2010; 20(3): 99-108.
  • 20. Tandu-Umba B, Dedetemo D, Mananga G. Maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; 4 (3): 61-370.
  • 21. Tekgoz I, Sunay D, Caylan A, Kısa C. Assessment of anxiety disorders and related factors at the third trimester of pregnancy. Turkish Journal of Family Practice. 2009; 13(3): 132-136.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Meltem Akbaş 0000-0002-5845-0552

Şirin Çelikkanat 0000-0001-9475-4505

Şule Gökyıldız Sürücü 0000-0002-0088-4219

Publication Date September 20, 2020
Submission Date March 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Akbaş M, Çelikkanat Ş, Gökyıldız Sürücü Ş. Identification of Distress Levels in Pregnant Women: A Descriptive and Cross-Sectional Study. TJFMPC. 2020;14(3):362-7.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.