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Yetişkinlerde Beden Kitle İndeksine Göre Sağlıkla İlgili Yaşam Kalitesinin, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının ve Zayıflama Girişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 497 - 506, 20.12.2020

Abstract

Giriş: Tüm dünyada ciddi bir halk sağlık sorunu olan obeziteye yönelik çeşitli önemler alınmasına rağmen, fazla kilolu ve obez birey sayısındaki artış devam etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı yetişkinlerde beden kitle indekslerine göre sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve zayıflama girişimlerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Araştırma, ayakta tanı ve/veya tedavi amacıyla özel bir hastaneye başvuran hasta ve hasta yakınlarına ulaşılarak, dâhil edilme koşullarını sağlayan, gönüllü 150 birey ile yürütülmüş kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Bilgi Formu, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği ve Sağlıkla İlgili Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılarak araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Beden kitle indekslerine (BKİ) göre bireyler normal, fazla kilolu ve obez olarak üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Bulgular: Bireylerin %23,3’ü obez, %’30’u fazla kilolu ve %46,7’si normal kiloludur. BKİ arttıkça zayıflama girişim oranlarında anlamlı derecede yükselme olduğu görülmüştür (p=0,0001). Obez bireylerde zayıflama amacıyla bitkisel destek kullanımı anlamlı derecede yüksektir (p=0,029) ve fazla kilolu bireylerin %55,6’sının sağlık profesyonelleri dışındaki kaynaklardan edindikleri diyet programlarını uyguladıkları görülmüştür. BKİ arttıkça Sağlıkla İlgili Yaşam Kalitesinin Fiziksel Fonksiyon alt grup ortalamasında anlamlı derecede azalma görülmüştür (p=0,0001). Obez bireylerin çoğunluğunun (%82,9’unun) mevcut ağırlıklarından memnun olmadıkları, dörtte birinin (%25,7’sinin) herhangi bir zayıflama girişiminde bulunmadığı, bununla birlikte obez bireylerin normal ve fazla kilolu bireylerle benzer ve orta düzeyde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını yaşamlarına kattıkları görülmüştür (p=0,170). Sonuç: Obezitenin olası risk faktörleri kadın, evli ve düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip olmak ve herhangi bir işte çalışmamak olarak değerlendirilebilir. BKİ, sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesinin fiziksel sağlık özet değerinde düşüklük ile ilişkilidir. Obez bireyler zayıflama açısından desteklenmeli ve ‘Sağlıklı Hayat Merkezlerine’ yönlendirilmelidir. Geleneksel diyet girişimleri yerine bireylerin yaşam kalitesini artırmak için bütüncül (fiziksel, ruhsal, sosyal) bir yaklaşım uygulanmalıdır. Obezite tedavisinde vazgeçilmez role sahip diyetisyenler beslenmede davranış değişikliği ile ilgili bilgi, deneyim ve uygulama becerilerine sahip olmalıdırlar.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Erişim tarihi: 24.09.2018
  • 2. Wolfenden L, Ezzati M, Larijani B, Dietz W. The challenge for global health systems in preventing and managing obesity. Obes. Rev. 2019;20(52):185–193.
  • 3. Özer, N., Kılıçkap, M., Tokgözoğlu, L., Göksülük, H., Karaaslan, D.C., Kayıkçıoğlu, M., Yılmaz, M., Barcin, C., Abacı, A., & Sahin, M. (2018). Data on smoking in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2018;46(7): 602-612
  • 4. World Health Organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Food and nutrition bulletin 2004; 25(3): 292-302
  • 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye obezite (şişmanlık) ile mücadele kontrol programı (2010-2014). http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/sb/halksag/belge/mevzuat/turkiye_obezite_mucadele_kontrol_prg.pdf Erişim tarihi: 12.10.2019
  • 6. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Obesity update, 2017. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2019
  • 7. Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2019;15(5):288–298
  • 8. Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2009;9:88.
  • 9. Yılmaz E, Ünalan Cöbek P, Uzuner A, Güngör Başaran B. One-year evaluation of family medicine obesity clinic applications. Turkish J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care. 2019;13(4): 481-486
  • 10. Hughes BB, Kuhn R, Peterson CM, Rothman DS, Solórzano JR, Mathers CD, Dickson JR. Projections of global health outcomes from 2005 to 2060 using the International Futures integrated forecasting model. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2011; 89: 478-486.
  • 11. Warkentin LM, Das D, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Padwal RS. The effect of weight loss on health‐related quality of life: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials. Obes Rev. 2014;15(3):169-182.
  • 12. Ofei F. Obesity - a preventable disease. Ghana Med. J. 2005; 39(3):98–101.
  • 13. Duran Ü, Öğüt S, Asgarpour H, Kunter D. Sağlık Çalışanlarında Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of the Health Personnel’s Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors. 2018; 2(3): 138–147.
  • 14. Dayan PH, Sforzo G, Boisseau N, Pereira-Lancha LO, Lancha AH. A new clinical perspective: Treating obesity with nutritional coaching versus energy-restricted diets. Nutrition 2019; 60: 147–151.
  • 15. Fabricatore, A. N. Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy of obesity: Is there a difference? J Am Diet Assoc. 2007; 107(1): 92-99.
  • 16. Munsch, S, Biedert E, Keller U. Evaluation of a lifestyle change programme for the treatment of obesity in general practice. Swiss Med Wkly. 2003;133(9-10): 148-154.
  • 17. Abdelaal M, Roux CWL, Docherty NG. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Ann. Transl. Med. 2017; 5(7): 161.
  • 18. Walls HL, Backholer K, Proietto J, McNeil JJ. Obesity and trends in life expectancy. J Obes 2012; (Art. ID 107989), 1-4.
  • 19. Polat Ü, Kahraman Bayrak B. Yaşlı bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve algılanan sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Fırat Tıp Derg. 2013; 18(4):213-218.
  • 20. Koçyiğit, Hikmet, Ö. Aydemir, G. Fişek, N. Ölmez, and A. Kısa Memiş. "Form-36 (KF-36)’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği." İlaç ve tedavi dergisi. (1999); 12(2): 102-6.
  • 21. Montesi L, Ghoch ME, Brodosi L, Calugi S, Marchesini G, Grave RD. Long-term weight loss maintenance for obesity: A multidisciplinary approach. Diabetes, Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther. 2016; 9: 37–46.
  • 22. Aşılar RH, Yıldırım A, Karakurt P, Çelebi F. Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Affecting Factors in University Staff. Turkish J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 2020;14(1): 72–81.
  • 23. Soriguer F, Rojo-Martinez G, De Antonio IE, De Adana MR, Catalá M, Merelo MJ, Tinahones FJ. Prevalence of obesity in south-east Spain and its relation with social and health factors. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2004; 19, 33–40.
  • 24. Lim J, Park HS. Trends in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and their related lifestyle factors in Korean young adults, 1998–2012. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 2018;12, 358–364.
  • 25. Mitchell N, Catenacci V, Wyatt HR, Hill J. Obesity: Overview of an epidemic. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2011; 34, 717–732.
  • 26. Wang Y, Beydoun MA. The obesity epidemic in the United States- Gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol. Rev. 2007; 29, 6–28.
  • 27. Nyaruhucha CNM, Achen JH, Msuya JM, Shayo NB, Kulwa KBM. Prevalence and awareness of obesity among people of different age groups in educational institutions in Morogoro, Tanzania. East Afr. Med. J. 2003; 80, 68–72.
  • 28. Haspolat NK (2016). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Beden İmajı, Benlik Saygısı ve Beden Fobisinin İncelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzincan. http://earsiv.ebyu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12432/3353/tez1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Erişim tarihi:01.04.2020
  • 29. Wadden TA, Osei S. The treatment of obesity: An overview. Handb. Obes. Treat. 2002; 21, 229–249.
  • 30. Lowry R, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Wechsler H, Kann L, Collins JL. Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among US college students. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2000;18, 18–27.
  • 31. Akdağ R. Editör. Türkiye Beden Ağırlığı Algısı Araştırması. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2012 p.51-52. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/bedenagir_tr.pdf Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2018
  • 32. Yildiran H, Mercanligil SM. Does increasing meal frequency improve weight loss and some biochemical parameters in overweight/obese females? Nutr. Hosp. 2018; 36(1), 66-72.
  • 33. Küçükberber N, Özdilli K, Yorulmaz H. Evaluation of factors affecting healthy life style behaviours and quality of life in patients with hearth disease. Anadolu Kardyol Derg. 2011, 11:619-26.
  • 34. Savasan A, Ayten M, Ergene O. Hopelessness and healthy life style behaviors in patients with coronary artery disorder. J. Psychiatr. Nurs. 2013; 4, 1-6.
  • 35. Daudt L, Hoang G, Pham TT, Graham S. Child Nutrition Education for Lifelong Healthy Eating Habits in Mai Dam Commune, Vietnam. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (1 MeetingAbstract): 506.
  • 36. Grave RD, Soave F, Ruocco A, Dametti L, Calugi S. Quality of life and physical performance in patients with obesity: A network analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12: 602

Evaluation of Health Related Quality of Life, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Weight Loss Interventions According to Body Mass Index in Adults

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 497 - 506, 20.12.2020

Abstract

Aim: Although various preventions are taken around the world for obesity, the increase in the number of overweight and obese individuals continues. The aim of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life, healthy lifestyle behaviors and weight loss interventions according to body mass indexes in adults. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out with 150 volunteers who provided the conditions of inclusion criteria. The Information Form, Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale and Health-Related Quality of Life Scale were applied by the researcher by face to face interview technique. According to body mass index (BMI), individuals were divided into three groups as normal, overweight and obese. Data was evaluated by using descriptive statistics. Results:. In the study (23.3%) individuals were obese, (30%) were overweight, (46.7%) were normal weight. As BMI increased, there was a significant increase in slimming intervention rates (p=0,0001). In obese individuals the use of herbal supplementation for slimming was significantly higher (p = 0.029) and 55,6% of overweight adults were observed to follow diet programs obtained from sources other than healthcare professionals. As the BMI increased, health-related quality of life was significantly decreased in physical function components p=0,0001. There was no significant difference between BMI and mental health components of quality of life (p = 0,568). The majority of obese individuals (82,9%) were not satisfied with their current weight, one fourth (25.7%) did not attempt any slimming interventions, but obese individuals have been to added similar and moderate healthy lifestyle behaviors to normal and overweight individual’s lives (p=0,170). Conclusion: According to our findings, possible risk factors of obesity can be considered as being female, married, low education level and not working in any job. BMI is associated with low physical health summary value of health-related quality of life. Individuals with these characteristics should be supported in terms of slimming and directed to Healthy Life Centers. Instead of traditional diet therapies, a holistic (physical, mental, social) approach should be applied to improve the quality of life of individuals. It is recommended that dietitians who have an important role in the treatment of obesity should have knowledge, experience and practice about behavioral change in nutrition.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Erişim tarihi: 24.09.2018
  • 2. Wolfenden L, Ezzati M, Larijani B, Dietz W. The challenge for global health systems in preventing and managing obesity. Obes. Rev. 2019;20(52):185–193.
  • 3. Özer, N., Kılıçkap, M., Tokgözoğlu, L., Göksülük, H., Karaaslan, D.C., Kayıkçıoğlu, M., Yılmaz, M., Barcin, C., Abacı, A., & Sahin, M. (2018). Data on smoking in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2018;46(7): 602-612
  • 4. World Health Organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Food and nutrition bulletin 2004; 25(3): 292-302
  • 5. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye obezite (şişmanlık) ile mücadele kontrol programı (2010-2014). http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/sb/halksag/belge/mevzuat/turkiye_obezite_mucadele_kontrol_prg.pdf Erişim tarihi: 12.10.2019
  • 6. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Obesity update, 2017. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2019
  • 7. Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2019;15(5):288–298
  • 8. Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2009;9:88.
  • 9. Yılmaz E, Ünalan Cöbek P, Uzuner A, Güngör Başaran B. One-year evaluation of family medicine obesity clinic applications. Turkish J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care. 2019;13(4): 481-486
  • 10. Hughes BB, Kuhn R, Peterson CM, Rothman DS, Solórzano JR, Mathers CD, Dickson JR. Projections of global health outcomes from 2005 to 2060 using the International Futures integrated forecasting model. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2011; 89: 478-486.
  • 11. Warkentin LM, Das D, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Padwal RS. The effect of weight loss on health‐related quality of life: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials. Obes Rev. 2014;15(3):169-182.
  • 12. Ofei F. Obesity - a preventable disease. Ghana Med. J. 2005; 39(3):98–101.
  • 13. Duran Ü, Öğüt S, Asgarpour H, Kunter D. Sağlık Çalışanlarında Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of the Health Personnel’s Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors. 2018; 2(3): 138–147.
  • 14. Dayan PH, Sforzo G, Boisseau N, Pereira-Lancha LO, Lancha AH. A new clinical perspective: Treating obesity with nutritional coaching versus energy-restricted diets. Nutrition 2019; 60: 147–151.
  • 15. Fabricatore, A. N. Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy of obesity: Is there a difference? J Am Diet Assoc. 2007; 107(1): 92-99.
  • 16. Munsch, S, Biedert E, Keller U. Evaluation of a lifestyle change programme for the treatment of obesity in general practice. Swiss Med Wkly. 2003;133(9-10): 148-154.
  • 17. Abdelaal M, Roux CWL, Docherty NG. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Ann. Transl. Med. 2017; 5(7): 161.
  • 18. Walls HL, Backholer K, Proietto J, McNeil JJ. Obesity and trends in life expectancy. J Obes 2012; (Art. ID 107989), 1-4.
  • 19. Polat Ü, Kahraman Bayrak B. Yaşlı bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve algılanan sosyal destek arasındaki ilişki. Fırat Tıp Derg. 2013; 18(4):213-218.
  • 20. Koçyiğit, Hikmet, Ö. Aydemir, G. Fişek, N. Ölmez, and A. Kısa Memiş. "Form-36 (KF-36)’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği." İlaç ve tedavi dergisi. (1999); 12(2): 102-6.
  • 21. Montesi L, Ghoch ME, Brodosi L, Calugi S, Marchesini G, Grave RD. Long-term weight loss maintenance for obesity: A multidisciplinary approach. Diabetes, Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther. 2016; 9: 37–46.
  • 22. Aşılar RH, Yıldırım A, Karakurt P, Çelebi F. Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Affecting Factors in University Staff. Turkish J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 2020;14(1): 72–81.
  • 23. Soriguer F, Rojo-Martinez G, De Antonio IE, De Adana MR, Catalá M, Merelo MJ, Tinahones FJ. Prevalence of obesity in south-east Spain and its relation with social and health factors. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2004; 19, 33–40.
  • 24. Lim J, Park HS. Trends in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and their related lifestyle factors in Korean young adults, 1998–2012. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 2018;12, 358–364.
  • 25. Mitchell N, Catenacci V, Wyatt HR, Hill J. Obesity: Overview of an epidemic. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2011; 34, 717–732.
  • 26. Wang Y, Beydoun MA. The obesity epidemic in the United States- Gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol. Rev. 2007; 29, 6–28.
  • 27. Nyaruhucha CNM, Achen JH, Msuya JM, Shayo NB, Kulwa KBM. Prevalence and awareness of obesity among people of different age groups in educational institutions in Morogoro, Tanzania. East Afr. Med. J. 2003; 80, 68–72.
  • 28. Haspolat NK (2016). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Beden İmajı, Benlik Saygısı ve Beden Fobisinin İncelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzincan. http://earsiv.ebyu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12432/3353/tez1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Erişim tarihi:01.04.2020
  • 29. Wadden TA, Osei S. The treatment of obesity: An overview. Handb. Obes. Treat. 2002; 21, 229–249.
  • 30. Lowry R, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Wechsler H, Kann L, Collins JL. Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among US college students. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2000;18, 18–27.
  • 31. Akdağ R. Editör. Türkiye Beden Ağırlığı Algısı Araştırması. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2012 p.51-52. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/bedenagir_tr.pdf Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2018
  • 32. Yildiran H, Mercanligil SM. Does increasing meal frequency improve weight loss and some biochemical parameters in overweight/obese females? Nutr. Hosp. 2018; 36(1), 66-72.
  • 33. Küçükberber N, Özdilli K, Yorulmaz H. Evaluation of factors affecting healthy life style behaviours and quality of life in patients with hearth disease. Anadolu Kardyol Derg. 2011, 11:619-26.
  • 34. Savasan A, Ayten M, Ergene O. Hopelessness and healthy life style behaviors in patients with coronary artery disorder. J. Psychiatr. Nurs. 2013; 4, 1-6.
  • 35. Daudt L, Hoang G, Pham TT, Graham S. Child Nutrition Education for Lifelong Healthy Eating Habits in Mai Dam Commune, Vietnam. Pediatrics 2018; 142 (1 MeetingAbstract): 506.
  • 36. Grave RD, Soave F, Ruocco A, Dametti L, Calugi S. Quality of life and physical performance in patients with obesity: A network analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12: 602
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health, Environmental Health, Primary Health Care, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orijinal Articles
Authors

Fatma Kocaman 0000-0002-4544-4081

Berrin Telatar 0000-0001-8502-3022

Publication Date December 20, 2020
Submission Date March 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Kocaman F, Telatar B. Yetişkinlerde Beden Kitle İndeksine Göre Sağlıkla İlgili Yaşam Kalitesinin, Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının ve Zayıflama Girişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. TJFMPC. 2020;14(4):497-506.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.